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People of the Book

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People of the Book

أهل الكتاب

"Ahl al-Kitāb," meaning "People of the Book," is a term central to Islamic tradition, primarily referring to followers of earlier monotheistic religions—Judaism and Christianity. This designation acknowledges their divine origins, as communities who received sacred scriptures (the Torah and the Gospel) and prophets before the revelation of the Quran. In Islam, the People of the Book are distinguished from polytheists, recognized for their belief in One God and their shared Abrahamic lineage. The Quran often addresses them, inviting them to [a common word] and emphasizing shared ethical principles. It recognizes that [those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabeans – whoever believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness] will have their reward. This unique classification led to specific legal and social frameworks in Islamic societies, fostering dialogue and interaction. For example, the Quran explicitly states that [lawful to you are the virtuous women from among the People of the Book] for marriage, highlighting a framework of respect and engagement within shared monotheistic foundations. The term underscores a theological continuity while also serving as an invitation to the final message of Islam.

The term "Ahl al-Kitāb," or "People of the Book," holds a significant and multifaceted position within Islamic discourse. Primarily referring to followers of Judaism and Christianity, this designation acknowledges their reception of earlier divine revelations—the Torah and the Gospel—and the prophets sent to guide them. Unlike polytheists (Mushrikīn), Ahl al-Kitāb are recognized for their foundational belief in One God, establishing a theological continuity rooted in the Abrahamic tradition. This recognition shapes specific Quranic injunctions, prophetic guidance, and legal frameworks, inviting them to universal ethical principles while also delineating distinct theological differences and prescribing modes of interaction within Islamic societies.

Divine Continuity and Shared Foundations

The Quran explicitly recognizes the Abrahamic heritage shared with the People of the Book, emphasizing the commonality of worshipping a single God. Allah states, . This verse, according to Tafsir Ibn Kathir, encapsulates an honest and righteous principle that is fair to both parties: to worship Allah Alone without partners, rejecting all other forms of worship. This reflects the universal message brought by all of Allah's messengers, as further underscored by the Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ letter to Heraclius, the Byzantine emperor, which began with this very verse.

Islam presents itself as the culmination of this monotheistic tradition, asserting that . Tafsir Ma'arif-ul-Quran explains that "Islam" in this context refers to the fundamental principles and injunctions common to all prophets from Adam to Muhammad ﷺ – belief in Allah's perfect Being and Attributes, His sole worthiness of worship, the Day of Judgment, and all prophets and their teachings. Thus, earlier prophets and their followers were also considered "Muslims" in the general sense of submission to God. The Quran states, And He sent down the Tawrah and the Injil aforetime as a guidance to mankind, confirming the divine origin of these earlier scriptures. Tafsir Ibn Kathir highlights that the Qur'an not only confirms what came before it but also serves as a "criterion" (al-Furqan) that distinguishes truth from falsehood, providing clear evidence for guidance.

Despite the theological differences that later emerged, the Quran acknowledges sincere individuals among the People of the Book. It states, humbly submissive to Allah]. Tafsir Ibn Kathir notes that these individuals, such as `Abdullah bin Salam, were among the best of the People of the Book, believing in their own prophets and then embracing Islam. Such individuals are promised a double reward, as indicated in other Quranic verses.

Quranic Critiques: Deviations and Disobedience

While acknowledging shared roots, the Quran also offers significant critiques of certain behaviors and beliefs among the People of the Book, particularly the Jews of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ era. A recurring theme is their intentional distortion and concealment of divine truth. The Quran states that ]. Tafsir Ibn Kathir explains this as their abandonment of the Torah's teachings, including prophecies about Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. This deliberate obfuscation is further condemned: ].

Envy and obstinacy are frequently cited motivations for their rejection of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The Quran reveals, after the truth has become clear to them]. This envy, Tafsir Ibn Kathir clarifies, stemmed from their recognition of Muhammad's ﷺ prophethood in their own scriptures but their reluctance to accept him because he was not from among them. The Quran emphasizes that , yet "a party of them conceal the truth while they know it."

Their history is presented as replete with instances of disobedience and the breaking of covenants with Allah. The story of the Sabbath-breakers, who were transformed into apes as a punishment for their deceitful circumvention of divine law, is a stark reminder of these transgressions. Tafsir Ibn Kathir narrates that they used "deceitful means to avoid honoring the Sabbath," leading to a punishment commensurate with their crime. Similarly, their worship of the calf after Moses's departure to Mount Tur is highlighted as an act of injustice (2:51, Tafsir al-Jalalayn). Their refusal to accept the arbitration of Allah's Scripture is also noted: . This defiance, according to Tafsir Ibn Kathir, was rooted in their false belief that the Fire shall not touch us except for a number of days, a self-deception born of their own inventions.

The Quran also exposes their hypocrisy, such as their tactic of feigning belief in Islam in the morning and rejecting it by evening, hoping to sow doubt among Muslims: , "Believe in that which was revealed to the believers at the beginning of the day and reject it at its end that perhaps they will abandon their religion"]. Tafsir Ibn Kathir elucidates that this was a "wicked plan... to misguide the people" by suggesting they had found flaws in Islam.

Legal and Social Dimensions of Interaction

Islamic law provides specific guidelines for interaction with the People of the Book, distinguishing them from polytheists due to their monotheistic heritage. The Quran permits certain interactions that are generally restricted with others:

Firstly, concerning marriage, the Quran explicitly states, chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you]. This ruling acknowledges their status as adherents of a revealed religion, enabling marital ties with Muslim men.

Secondly, regarding food, the Quran declares, . This permissibility generally applies to meat slaughtered by them, provided it adheres to their religious dietary laws, showcasing a degree of religious commonality.

Thirdly, in terms of governance, the Quran provides for the institution of Jizyah (tribute) for non-Muslims living under Islamic rule. Muslims are commanded to until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled]. This tribute, as explained in Tafsir Ibn Kathir on 3:112, is part of a "covenant from Allah and a covenant from men," known as Dhimmah, which guarantees their protection and allows them to practice their religion, absolving them from military service.

Ethical considerations also govern interactions. Muslims are instructed to . However, this injunction comes with a caveat: "except for those who commit injustice among them," indicating that respectful dialogue should not extend to those who actively persecute or oppress. There are also warnings against taking them as allies against fellow Muslims or blindly following their counsel, as this could lead to disbelief: and unbelievers].

Prophetic guidance further clarifies these interactions. Abu Tha`laba Al-Khushani reported that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ advised, "If you can get utensils other than theirs, do not eat out of theirs, but if you cannot get other than theirs, wash their utensils and eat out of it" . Similarly, regarding greetings, Anas bin Malik narrated that when People of the Scripture greet Muslims, the reply should be, "Wa'alaikum (And on you)" . This nuanced approach reflects a balance between respectful engagement and maintaining Islamic distinctiveness and cautionary awareness of their potential animosity.

Spiritual Accountability and the Universal Call

The ultimate spiritual accountability for the People of the Book, like all humanity, rests on their response to divine guidance. The Quran unequivocally states that , and that . Tafsir Ibn Kathir underscores this by noting Allah's swiftness in reckoning for those who reject His verses and defy His messengers.

However, the Quran also provides a path to salvation for those among them who embrace the truth. It proclaims, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabeans – whoever believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness – will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve. Tafsir Ibn Kathir clarifies that, after the advent of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, this requires belief in his message. Those who were People of the Book and then embrace Islam are promised a double reward for their prior belief and their acceptance of the final message.

For those who persist in disbelief and transgression, there are consequences in this life as well. The Quran mentions, wherever they are overtaken, except for a covenant from Allah and a rope from the Muslims]. Tafsir Ibn Kathir explains this humiliation as a divine decree resulting from their disbelief in Allah's Ayat and their killing of prophets without right, which has historically manifested as being subdued by Islamic Law and paying Jizyah.

The Quran itself stands as a universal challenge and a clear sign for all humanity, including the People of the Book. It invites them: , about that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who have been reading the Scripture before you]. This verse suggests that the earlier scriptures contained prophecies confirming the Quran. The divine challenge extends further, inviting skeptics to produce a Surah like it, a task that, as Tafsir Ma'arif-ul-Quran elaborates, has proven impossible due to the Quran's unparalleled eloquence, comprehensive wisdom, and miraculous nature. This challenge is not merely a linguistic one but a testament to its divine origin, reinforcing the universality and finality of Islam.

The People of the Book occupy a unique place in Islamic theology, distinguished by their monotheistic heritage and divine scriptures. While the Quran recognizes this shared foundation and invites them to universal truths, it also critically addresses their historical transgressions, including the alteration of scriptures, rejection of prophets, and acts of hypocrisy. Islamic jurisprudence outlines specific legal and social frameworks for coexistence, such as provisions for marriage and food, and the Jizyah, while prophetic guidance offers practical advice for respectful yet cautious interaction. Ultimately, the spiritual destiny of Ahl al-Kitāb, like all people, hinges upon their response to the final message of Islam brought by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, a message of monotheism, righteous deeds, and submission to Allah, promising immense reward for those who accept it and warning of severe consequences for those who persist in disbelief.

Quran — 73 verses

أَتَأْمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلْبِرِّ وَتَنسَوْنَ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَتْلُونَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ

Ataamuroonan naasa bilbirri wa tansawna anfusakum wa antum tatloonal Kitaab; afalaa ta'qiloon

Do you order righteousness of the people and forget yourselves while you recite the Scripture? Then will you not reason?

(یہ) کیا (عقل کی بات ہے کہ) تم لوگوں کو نیکی کرنے کو کہتے ہو اور اپنے تئیں فراموش کئے دیتے ہو، حالانکہ تم کتاب (خدا) بھی پڑھتے ہو۔ کیا تم سمجھتے نہیں؟

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: An admonition to preachers without practice Verse 44 addresses the religious scholars of the Jews, and reprimands them for a strange contradiction in their behaviour - they used to advise their friends and relatives to follow the Holy Prophet ﷺ and to be steadfast in their Islamic faith, which shows...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Will you bid others to piety to belief in Muhammad (s) and forget yourselves neglecting yourselves and not bidding them to the same while you recite the Book? in which there is the threat of chastisement if what you do contradicts what you say. Do you not understand? the evil nature of your actions ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Condemnation of commanding Others to observe Righteousnesswhile ignoring Righteousness Allah said, "How is it, O People of the Book, that you command people to perform Al-Birr, which encompasses all types of righteousness, yet forget yourselves and do not heed what you call others to And you rea...

وَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَآءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

Wa lammaa jaaa'ahum Rasoolum min 'indil laahi musaddiqul limaa ma'ahum nabaza fareequm minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba Kitaabal laahi waraaa'a zuhoorihim ka annahum laa ya'lamoon

And when a messenger from Allah came to them confirming that which was with them, a party of those who had been given the Scripture threw the Scripture of Allah behind their backs as if they did not know [what it contained].

اور جب ان کے پاس الله کی طرف سے پیغمبر (آخرالزماں) آئے، اور وہ ان کی (آسمانی) کتاب کی بھی تصدیق کرتے ہیں تو جن لوگوں کو کتاب دی گئی تھی، ان میں سے ایک جماعت نے خدا کی کتاب کو پیٹھ پیچھے پھینک دیا، گویا وہ جانتے ہی نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The previous verse had told us how the breaking of pledges and disobedience had become a regular habit with the Jews. The present verse gives us the latest instance, which is the most relevant to the context. The Torah had already given the Jews the good tidings of the coming of the Holy Prophet . W...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When there came to them a messenger from God namely Muhammad (s) confirming what was with them a party of them who were given the Scripture have cast away the Scripture of God that is the Torah behind their backs that is to say they have not acted according to what it said about belief in the Messen...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Proofs of Muhammad's ﷺ Prophethood Imam Abu Ja`far bin Jarir said that Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ ءَايَـتٍ بَيِّنَـتٍ (And indeed We have sent down to you manifest Ayat) means, "We have sent to you, O Muhammad, clear signs that testify to your prophethood." These Ayat are contai...

مَّا يَوَدُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَلَا ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ

Maa yawaddul lazeena kafaroo min ahlil kitaabi wa lal mushrikeena ai-yunazzala 'alaikum min khairim mir Rabbikum; wallaahu yakhtassu birahmatihee mai-yashaaa; wallaahu zul fadlil'azeem

Neither those who disbelieve from the People of the Scripture nor the polytheists wish that any good should be sent down to you from your Lord. But Allah selects for His mercy whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.

جو لوگ کافر ہیں، اہل کتاب یا مشرک وہ اس بات کو پسند نہیں کرتے کہ تم پر تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے خیر (وبرکت) نازل ہو۔ اور خدا تو جس کو چاہتا ہے، اپنی رحمت کے ساتھ خاص کر لیتا ہے اور خدا بڑے فضل کا مالک ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The previous verse told us how the Jews behaved towards the Holy Prophet ﷺ ; the present verse speaks of their behaviour towards Muslims in general. Some of the Jews used to assure the Muslims of their sincerity towards them, and to pretend that they would very much have liked the Muslims to. have r...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Those disbelievers of the People of the Scripture and the idolaters from among the Arabs al-mushrikīna ‘idolaters’ is a supplement to ahl al-kitābi ‘People of the Scripture’ and the min ‘of’ is explicative do not wish that any good any Inspiration should be revealed to you from your Lord out of envy...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Manners in Speech Allah forbade His believing servants from imitating the behavior and deeds of the disbelievers. The Jews used to use devious words that hide what they really meant. May Allah's curse be upon them. When they wanted to say, `hear us,' they would use the word Ra`ina, which is an insul...

وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ إِيمَٰنِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِّنْ عِندِ أَنفُسِهِم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلْحَقُّ فَٱعْفُوا۟ وَٱصْفَحُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِىَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِۦٓ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

Wadda kaseerum min ahlil kitaabi law yaruddoo nakum mim ba'di eemaanikum kuffaaran hasadam min 'indi anfusihim mim ba'di maa tabaiyana lahumul haqqu fa'foo washfahoo hattaa yaa tiyallaahu bi amrih; innal laaha 'alaa kulli shai'in qadeer

Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from themselves [even] after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook until Allah delivers His command. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.

بہت سے اہل کتاب اپنے دل کی جلن سے یہ چاہتے ہیں کہ ایمان لا چکنے کے بعد تم کو پھر کافر بنا دیں۔ حالانکہ ان پر حق ظاہر ہو چکا ہے۔ تو تم معاف کردو اور درگزر کرو۔ یہاں تک کہ خدا اپنا (دوسرا) حکم بھیجے۔ بے شک خدا ہر بات پر قادر ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some of the Jews, pretending to be the well-wishers of the Muslims, were always inventing new stratagems to make them turn away from Islam, and, in spite of repeated failure in this effort, did not refrain from it. The verse warns the Muslims against their intentions, which are motivated, not by sin...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Many of the People of the Scripture long that law ‘if only that’ represents the import of the verbal noun they might make you disbelievers after you have believed from the envy hasadan is the object denoting reason being of their own souls that is to say their wicked souls have prompted them to this...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Prohibition of following the Ways of the People of the Book Allah warned His believing servants against following the ways of the People of Book, who publicly and secretly harbor emnity and hatred for the believers, and who envy the believers, while they recognize the virtue of the believers and...

قَدْ نَرَىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَىٰهَا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنتُمْ فَوَلُّوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُۥ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ

Qad naraa taqalluba wajhika fis samaaa'i fala nuwalliyannaka qiblatan tardaahaa; fawalli wajhaka shatral Masjidil haaraam; wa haisu maa kuntum fawalloo wujoohakum shatrah; wa innal lazeena ootul Kitaaba laya'lamoona annahul haqqu mir Rabbihim; wa mal laahu bighaafilin 'ammaa ya'maloon

We have certainly seen the turning of your face, [O Muhammad], toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer]. Indeed, those who have been given the Scripture well know that it is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.

(اے محمدﷺ) ہم تمہارا آسمان کی طرف منہ پھیر پھیر کر دیکھنا دیکھ رہے ہیں۔ سو ہم تم کو اسی قبلے کی طرف جس کو تم پسند کرتے ہو، منہ کرنے کا حکم دیں گے تو اپنا منہ مسجد حرام (یعنی خانہٴ کعبہ) کی طرف پھیر لو۔ اور تم لوگ جہاں ہوا کرو، (نماز پڑھنے کے وقت) اسی مسجد کی طرف منہ کر لیا کرو۔ اور جن لوگوں کو کتاب دی گئی ہے، وہ خوب جانتے ہیں کہ (نیا قبلہ) ان کے پروردگار کی طرف سے حق ہے۔ اور جو کام یہ لوگ کرتے ہیں، خدا ان سے بے خبر نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The orientation to Qiblah قبلہ This verse begins by speaking of how deeply the Holy Prophet ﷺ ،; wished that the Ka'bah کعبہ be appointed as the Qiblah قبلہ of the Muslims. This inclination has been explained in different ways, but there is no real contradiction involved in these different views. Fo...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: We have indeed qad ‘indeed’ is for affirmation seen you turning your face about in the direction of the heaven looking around for the Revelation and longing for the command to face the Ka‘ba he the Prophet wished for this because it was the prayer-direction of Abraham and would be more conducive to ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The First Abrogation in the Qur'an was about the Qiblah `Ali bin Abu Talhah related that Ibn `Abbas narrated: The first abrogated part in the Qur'an was about the Qiblah. When Allah's Messenger ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, the majority of its people were Jews, and Allah commanded him to face Bayt Al-Ma...

وَلَئِنْ أَتَيْتَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِكُلِّ ءَايَةٍ مَّا تَبِعُوا۟ قِبْلَتَكَ وَمَآ أَنتَ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَتَهُمْ وَمَا بَعْضُهُم بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَةَ بَعْضٍ وَلَئِنِ ٱتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَآءَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلْعِلْمِ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَّمِنَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

Wa la'in ataital lazeena ootul kitaaba bikulli aayatim maa tabi'oo Qiblatak; wa maaa anta bitaabi'in Qiblatahum; wa maa ba'duhum bitaabi''in Qiblata ba'd; wa la'init taba'ta ahwaaa;ahum mim ba'di maa jaaa'aka minal 'ilmi innaka izal laminaz zaalimeen

And if you brought to those who were given the Scripture every sign, they would not follow your qiblah. Nor will you be a follower of their qiblah. Nor would they be followers of one another's qiblah. So if you were to follow their desires after what has come to you of knowledge, indeed, you would then be among the wrongdoers.

اور اگر تم ان اہلِ کتاب کے پاس تمام نشانیاں بھی لے کر آؤ، تو بھی یہ تمہارے قبلے کی پیروی نہ کریں۔ اور تم بھی ان کے قبلے کی پیروی کرنے والے نہیں ہو۔ اور ان میں سے بھی بعض بعض کے قبلے کے پیرو نہیں۔ اور اگر تم باوجود اس کے کہ تمہارے پاس دانش (یعنی وحئ خدا) آ چکی ہے، ان کی خواہشوں کے پیچھے چلو گے تو ظالموں میں (داخل) ہو جاؤ گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In continuing the discussion on the subject of the Qiblah قبلہ ، or the divinely-ordained orientation, the present verse provides yet another instance of the maliciousness of the People of the Book اھل کتاب . It is not that they demand solid and convincing arguments in order to be able to accept the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Yet if wa-la-in the lām is for oaths you should bring to those who have been given the Scripture every sign about your truthfulness in the matter of the direction of prayer they will not follow your direction out of obduracy and you are not a follower of their direction this is a categorical negatio...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Stubbornness and Disbelief of the Jews Allah describes the Jews' disbelief, stubbornness and defiance of what they know of the truth of Allah's Messenger ﷺ , that if the Prophet brought forward every proof to the truth of what he was sent with, they will never obey him or abandon following their...

ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَعْرِفُونَهُۥ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ

Allazeena aatainaahumul kitaaba ya'rifoonahoo kamaa ya'rifoona abnaaa'ahum wa inna fareeqam minhum layaktumoonal haqqa wa hum ya'lamoon

Those to whom We gave the Scripture know him as they know their own sons. But indeed, a party of them conceal the truth while they know [it].

جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتاب دی ہے، وہ ان (پیغمبر آخرالزماں) کو اس طرح پہچانتے ہیں، جس طرح اپنے بیٹوں کو پہچانا کرتے ہیں، مگر ایک فریق ان میں سے سچی بات کو جان بوجھ کر چھپا رہا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Verses 144 and 145 have told us how the People of the Book اھل الکتاب knew in their hearts that a divine commandment itself had instituted the Baytullah بیت اللہ as the Qiblah قبلہ of the Muslims, and yet denied this fact in public. Now, the two present verses show that their conduct towards the Hol...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Those to whom We have given the Scripture they recognise him Muhammad (s) as they recognise their sons because of the descriptions of him in their Scripture ‘Abd Allāh Ibn Salām said ‘I recognised him the moment I saw him as I would my own son; but my recognition of Muhammad (s) was more intense’; e...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews know that the Prophet is True, but they hide the Truth Allah states that the scholars of the People of the Scripture know the truth of what Allah's Messenger ﷺ was sent with, just as one of them knows his own child, which is a parable that the Arabs use to describe what is very apparent. S...

إِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمُ وَمَا ٱخْتَلَفَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْعِلْمُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ

Innad deena 'indal laahil Islaam; wa makhtalafal lazeena ootul Kitaaba illaa mim ba'di maa jaaa'ahumul 'ilmu baghyam bainahum; wa mai yakfur bi Aayaatil laahi fa innal laaha saree'ul hisaab

Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam. And those who were given the Scripture did not differ except after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. And whoever disbelieves in the verses of Allah, then indeed, Allah is swift in [taking] account.

دین تو خدا کے نزدیک اسلام ہے اور اہل کتاب نے جو (اس دین سے) اختلاف کیا تو علم ہونے کے بعد آپس کی ضد سے کیا اور جو شخص خدا کی آیتوں کو نہ مانے تو خدا جلد حساب لینے والا (اور سزا دینے والا) ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Din دین and Islam اسلام : An Explanation of the Two words: The word, Din (دین) has more than one meaning in the Arabic language, one of them being 'the way'. In the terminology of the Qur'an, the word, Din دین is used to stand for principles and injunctions which are common to all prophets (علیہم ال...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Lo! the religion with God pleasing to Him is submission to the One God al-islām that is to say the Divine Law with which the messengers were sent founded upon the affirmation of God’s Oneness a variant reading for inna ‘lo!’ has anna ‘that’ as an inclusive substitution for annahu to the end of that ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Testimony of Tawhid Allah bears witness, and verily, Allah is sufficient as a Witness, and He is the Most Truthful and Just Witness there is; His statement is the absolute truth, أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ (that La ilaha illa Huwa) meaning, He Alone is the Lord and God of all creation; ever...

فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ

Fa in haaajjooka faqul aslamtu wajhiya lillaahi wa manit taba'an; wa qul lillazeena ootul Kitaaba wal ummiyyeena 'a-aslamtum; fa in aslamoo faqadih tadaw wa in tawallaw fa innamaa 'alaikal balaagh; wallaahu baseerum bil 'ibaad

So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided; but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.

اے پیغمبر اگر یہ لوگ تم سے جھگڑنے لگیں تو کہنا کہ میں اور میرے پیرو تو خدا کے فرمانبردار ہو چکے اور اہل کتاب اور ان پڑھ لوگوں سے کہو کہ کیا تم بھی (خدا کے فرمانبردار بنتے ہو) اور اسلام لاتے ہو؟ اگر یہ لوگ اسلام لے آئیں تو بے شک ہدایت پالیں اور اگر (تمہارا کہا) نہ مانیں تو تمہارا کام صرف خدا کا پیغام پہنچا دینا ہے اور خدا (اپنے) بندوں کو دیکھ رہا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The Surah began with the confirmation of Divine Oneness and the refutation of Trinity. Answered here are argumentations in which the disbelievers and deniers among the people of the Book persist - even after the truth of Islam has been proved conclusively. The advice against such ongoing. and unnece...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So if they the disbelievers dispute with you O Muhammad (s) concerning religion say to them ‘I have surrendered my countenance to God that is to say I have submitted to Him I and whoever follows me’ wajh ‘countenance’ is chosen here because of its noble character for the other parts of the body will...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Testimony of Tawhid Allah bears witness, and verily, Allah is sufficient as a Witness, and He is the Most Truthful and Just Witness there is; His statement is the absolute truth, أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ (that La ilaha illa Huwa) meaning, He Alone is the Lord and God of all creation; ever...

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ نَصِيبًا مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ يُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَهُم مُّعْرِضُونَ

Alam tara ilal lazeena ootoo naseebam minal Kitaabi yud'awna ilaa Kitaabil laahi liyahkuma bainahum summa yatawallaa fareequm minhum wa hum mu'ridoon

Do you not consider, [O Muhammad], those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They are invited to the Scripture of Allah that it should arbitrate between them; then a party of them turns away, and they are refusing.

بھلا تم نے ان لوگوں کو نہیں دیکھا جن کو کتاب (خدا یعنی تورات سے) بہرہ دیا گیا اور وہ (اس) کتاب الله کی طرف بلائے جاتے ہیں تاکہ وہ (ان کے تنازعات کا) ان میں فیصلہ کر دے تو ایک فریق ان میں سے کج ادائی کے ساتھ منہ پھیر لیتا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: While dealing with the subject of Jews, as in verses 21-22, the text goes on to censure a particular claim of theirs in the present verse. The address is to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the reference is to the Torah given to the Jews who would have found it enough for them if they were really looking forw...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Have you not seen those who were given a portion a share of the Book the Torah being called to the Book of God yud‘awna ‘being called’ is a circumstantial qualifier that it might decide between them and then a party of them turned away opposed? to the acceptance of its rulings. This was revealed con...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the People of the Book for Not Referring to the Book of Allah for Judgment Allah criticizes the Jews and Christians who claim to follow their Books, the Tawrah and the Injil, because when they are called to refer to these Books where Allah commanded them to follow Muhammad , they turn awa...

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا۟ لَن تَمَسَّنَا ٱلنَّارُ إِلَّآ أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَٰتٍ وَغَرَّهُمْ فِى دِينِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَفْتَرُونَ

Zaalika bi annahum qaaloo lan tamassanan naaru illaaa ayyaamam ma'doodaatinw wa gharrahum fee deenihim maa kaanoo yaftaroon

That is because they say, "Never will the Fire touch us except for [a few] numbered days," and [because] they were deluded in their religion by what they were inventing.

یہ اس لیے کہ یہ اس بات کے قائل ہیں کہ (دوزخ کی) آگ ہمیں چند روز کے سوا چھو ہی نہیں سکے گی اور جو کچھ یہ دین کے بارے میں بہتان باندھتے رہے ہیں اس نے ان کو دھوکے میں ڈال رکھا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: While dealing with the subject of Jews, as in verses 21-22, the text goes on to censure a particular claim of theirs in the present verse. The address is to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the reference is to the Torah given to the Jews who would have found it enough for them if they were really looking forw...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: That turning away and rejection was because they said ‘the Fire shall not touch us except for a number of days’ that is for forty days only the length of time their forefathers worshipped the calf after which it would end; and the lies they used to invent in their saying this have deluded them in th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the People of the Book for Not Referring to the Book of Allah for Judgment Allah criticizes the Jews and Christians who claim to follow their Books, the Tawrah and the Injil, because when they are called to refer to these Books where Allah commanded them to follow Muhammad , they turn awa...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ تَعَالَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوَآءٍۭ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَقُولُوا۟ ٱشْهَدُوا۟ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ

Qul yaa Ahlal Kitaabi ta'aalaw ilaa Kalimatin sawaaa'im bainanaa wa bainakum allaa na'buda illal laaha wa laa nushrika bihee shai'anw wa laa yattakhiza ba'dunaa ba'dan arbaabam min doonil laah; fa in tawallaw faqoolush hadoo bi annaa muslimoon

Say, "O People of the Scripture, come to a word that is equitable between us and you - that we will not worship except Allah and not associate anything with Him and not take one another as lords instead of Allah." But if they turn away, then say, "Bear witness that we are Muslims [submitting to Him]."

کہہ دو کہ اے اہل کتاب جو بات ہمارے اور تمہارے دونوں کے درمیان یکساں (تسلیم کی گئی) ہے اس کی طرف آؤ وہ یہ کہ خدا کے سوا ہم کسی کی عبادت نہ کریں اور اس کے ساتھ کسی چیز کو شریک نہ بنائیں اور ہم میں سے کوئی کسی کو خدا کے سوا اپنا کار ساز نہ سمجھے اگر یہ لوگ (اس بات کو) نہ مانیں تو (ان سے) کہہ دو کہ تم گواہ رہو کہ ہم (خدا کے) فرماں بردار ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary: Important Principles of Tabligh and Da'wah: This verse: تَعَالَوْا إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ unfolds an important principle of Tabligh تبلیغ (Preaching) and Da'wah دعوہ (Preaching Islam). The principle requires that a person, who desires to carry his call to a group ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘O People of the Scripture! Jews and Christians come now to a word agreed upon sawā’ is the verbal noun meaning mustawin amruhā ‘a word regarding which the matter is upright’ between us and you and it is that we worship none but God allā is made up of an-lā ‘that…not’ and that we do not associat...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Every Person Knows about Tawhid This Ayah includes the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, and those who follow their ways. قُلْ يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ تَعَالَوْاْ إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ (Say: "O people of the Scripture! Come to a word") `Word' - in Arabic - also means a complete sentence, as evident f...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِىٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَتِ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةُ وَٱلْإِنجِيلُ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦٓ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ

Yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi limaa tuhaaajjoona feee Ibraaheema wa maaa unzilatit Tawraatu wal Injeelu illaa mim ba'dih; afala ta'qiloon

O People of the Scripture, why do you argue about Abraham while the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed until after him? Then will you not reason?

اے اہلِ کتاب تم ابراہیم کے بارے میں کیوں جھگڑتے ہو حالانکہ تورات اور انجیل ان کے بعد اتری ہیں (اور وہ پہلے ہو چکے ہیں) تو کیا تم عقل نہیں رکھتے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The argumentation referred to in verse 65 was to decide whether Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) followed the way of the Jews, or that of the Christians. The futility of their exercise already stood exposed as both these ways in religion appeared long after the revelation of the Old and New...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When the Jews claimed that Abraham was Jewish and that they were following his religion and the Christians made a similar claim the following was revealed O People of the Scripture! Why do you argue about dispute over Abraham? claiming that he belonged to one of your two religions when the Torah was...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Disputing with the Jews and Christians About the Religion of Ibrahim Allah censures the Jews and Christians for their dispute with Muslims over Ibrahim Al-Khalil and the claim each group made that he was one of them. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Christians of Najr...

وَدَّت طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَوْ يُضِلُّونَكُمْ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ

Waddat taaa'ifatum min Ahlil Kitaabi law yudil loonakum wa maa yudilloona illaaa anfusahum wa maa yash'uroon

A faction of the people of the Scripture wish they could mislead you. But they do not mislead except themselves, and they perceive [it] not.

(اے اہل اسلام) بعضے اہلِ کتاب اس بات کی خواہش رکھتے ہیں کہ تم کو گمراہ کر دیں مگر یہ (تم کو کیا گمراہ کریں گے) اپنے آپ کو ہی گمراہ کر رہے ہیں اور نہیں جانتے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Verse 69 exposes the cherished desire of the people of the Book to mislead Muslims away from the true faith they are on. The text, then, firmly declares that the victim of their effort to misguide is no one other than themselves, something they do not realize. Verse 70, addressing the peo...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When the Jews called Mu‘ādh b. Jabal Hudhayfa b. al-Yamān and ‘Ammār b. Yāsir to join their religion the following was revealed There is a party of the People of the Scripture who yearn to make you go astray; yet they cause none to stray except themselves because the sin for their leading others ast...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots Against Muslims Allah states that the Jews envy the faithful and wish they could misguide them. Allah states that the punishment of this behavior will fall back upon them, while they are unaware. Allah criticizes them, يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِم...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ

Yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi lima takfuroona bi Aayaatil laahi wan antum tashadoon

O People of the Scripture, why do you disbelieve in the verses of Allah while you witness [to their truth]?

اے اہلِ کتاب تم خدا کی آیتوں سے کیوں انکار کرتے ہو اور تم (تورات کو) مانتے تو ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The words in أَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ (you are yourselves a witness - 70) and in أَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (you know ( 71) should not be taken to mean that disbelief will become permissible for them if they do not attest to the truth or have no knowledge about it. This is because kufr (disbelief) is intrinsica...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O People of the Scripture! Why do you disbelieve in God’s verses the Qur’ān that includes all the descriptions of Muhammad (s) when you yourselves bear witness? when you know that it is the truth.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots Against Muslims Allah states that the Jews envy the faithful and wish they could misguide them. Allah states that the punishment of this behavior will fall back upon them, while they are unaware. Allah criticizes them, يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِم...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَلْبِسُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

Yaaa Ahalal Kitaabi lima talbisoonal haqqa bilbaatili wa taktumoonal haqqa wa antum ta'lamoon

O People of the Scripture, why do you confuse the truth with falsehood and conceal the truth while you know [it]?

اے اہلِ کتاب تم سچ کو جھوٹ کے ساتھ خلط ملط کیوں کرتے ہو اور حق کو کیوں چھپاتے ہو اور تم جانتے بھی ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The words in أَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ (you are yourselves a witness - 70) and in أَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (you know ( 71) should not be taken to mean that disbelief will become permissible for them if they do not attest to the truth or have no knowledge about it. This is because kufr (disbelief) is intrinsica...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O People of the Scripture! Why do you confound why do you mix truth with falsehood by distorting and falsifying scripture and conceal the truth the descriptions of the Prophet while you know? that it is the truth?
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots Against Muslims Allah states that the Jews envy the faithful and wish they could misguide them. Allah states that the punishment of this behavior will fall back upon them, while they are unaware. Allah criticizes them, يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِم...

وَقَالَت طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَجْهَ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱكْفُرُوٓا۟ ءَاخِرَهُۥ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

Wa qaalat taaa'ifatum min Ahlil Kitaabi aaminoo billazeee unzila 'alal lazeena aamanoo wajhan nahaari wakfurooo aakhirahoo la'alla hum yarji'oon

And a faction of the People of the Scripture say [to each other], "Believe in that which was revealed to the believers at the beginning of the day and reject it at its end that perhaps they will abandon their religion,

اور اہلِ کتاب ایک دوسرے سے کہتے ہیں کہ جو (کتاب) مومنوں پر نازل ہوئی ہے اس پر دن کے شروع میں تو ایمان لے آیا کرو اور اس کے آخر میں انکار کر دیا کرو تاکہ وہ (اسلام سے) برگشتہ ہو جائیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some from among the people of the Book chose a strategy of deception in order to mislead Muslims. According to their agreed plan, they would declare their belief in the Qur'an in the morning and then reject it in the evening. They thought that this quick about-turn would create doubts in the minds o...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: A party of the People of the Scripture the Jews say to some among them ‘Believe in what has been revealed to those who believe that is the Qur’ān at the beginning of the day and disbelieve in it at the end of it so that they the believers might then turn back from his Muhammad’s religion and that th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots Against Muslims Allah states that the Jews envy the faithful and wish they could misguide them. Allah states that the punishment of this behavior will fall back upon them, while they are unaware. Allah criticizes them, يأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لِم...

وَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مَنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنطَارٍ يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ إِلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِدِينَارٍ لَّا يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا مَا دُمْتَ عَلَيْهِ قَآئِمًا ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا۟ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَ سَبِيلٌ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ

Wa min Ahlil Kitaabi man in taamanhu biqintaariny yu'addihee ilaika wa minhum man in taamanhu bideenaaril laa yu'addiheee ilaika illaa maa dumta 'alaihi qaaa' imaa; zaalika biannahum qaaloo laisa 'alainaa fil ummiyyeena sabeelunw wa yaqooloona 'alal laahil kaziba wa hum ya'lamoon

And among the People of the Scripture is he who, if you entrust him with a great amount [of wealth], he will return it to you. And among them is he who, if you entrust him with a [single] silver coin, he will not return it to you unless you are constantly standing over him [demanding it]. That is because they say, "There is no blame upon us concerning the unlearned." And they speak untruth about Allah while they know [it].

اور اہلِ کتاب میں سے کوئی تو ایسا ہے کہ اگر تم اس کے پاس (روپوں کا) ڈھیر امانت رکھ دو تو تم کو (فوراً) واپس دے دے اور کوئی اس طرح کا ہے کہ اگر اس کے پاس ایک دینار بھی امانت رکھو تو جب تک اس کے سر پر ہر وقت کھڑے نہ رہو تمہیں دے ہی نہیں یہ اس لیے کہ وہ کہتے ہیں کہ امیوں کے بارے میں ہم سے مواخذہ نہیں ہوگا یہ خدا پر محض جھوٹ بولتے ہیں اور (اس بات کو) جانتے بھی ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence In the previous verses (70-72), breach of faith committed by the people of the Book was mentioned. This included disbelieving in the verses of Allah, confusing the truth with what is false, concealing the truth and conspiring to mislead Muslim believers. In the verse cited above (75), their...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And of the People of the Scripture is he who if you trust him with a hundredweight that is with much money he will return it to you on account of his trustworthiness the like of ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām to whom a man entrusted 1200 plates of gold which he then returned to him; and of them is he who if yo...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): How Trustworthy Are the Jews Allah states that there are deceitful people among the Jews. He also warns the faithful against being deceived by them, because some of them, مَنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ (if entrusted with a Qintar (a great amount)) of money, يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ (will readily pay it b...

وَإِنَّ مِنْهُمْ لَفَرِيقًا يَلْوُۥنَ أَلْسِنَتَهُم بِٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِتَحْسَبُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ

Wa inna minhum lafaree qany yalwoona alsinatahum bil Kitaabi litahsaboohu minal Kitaab, wa maa huwa minal Kitaabi wa yaqooloon huwa min 'indillaahi wa maa huwa min 'indillaahi wa yaqooloona 'alal laahil kaziba wa hum ya'lamoon

And indeed, there is among them a party who alter the Scripture with their tongues so you may think it is from the Scripture, but it is not from the Scripture. And they say, "This is from Allah," but it is not from Allah. And they speak untruth about Allah while they know.

اور ان (اہلِ کتاب) میں بعضے ایسے ہیں کہ کتاب (تورات) کو زبان مروڑ مروڑ کر پڑھتے ہیں تاکہ تم سمجھو کہ جو کچھ وہ پڑھتے ہیں کتاب میں سے ہے حالانکہ وہ کتاب میں سے نہیں ہے اور کہتے ہیں کہ وہ خدا کی طرف سے (نازل ہوا) ہے حالانکہ وہ خدا کی طرف سے نہیں ہوتا اور خدا پر جھوٹ بولتے ہیں اور (یہ بات) جانتے بھی ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It was during the presence of the deputation from Najran that some Jews and Christians had said: '0 Muhammad, do you want us to worship you the way Christians worship Jesus, son of Mary?' He said: 'I seek refuge with Allah that we worship someone other than Allah or call on others to do s...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And there is a group a party of them the People of the Scripture like Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf who twist their tongues with the Book altering it by reciting it not according to the way in which it was revealed but according to the way in which they have distorted it as in the case of the descriptions of th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews Alter Allah's Words Allah states that some Jews, may Allah's curses descend on them, distort Allah's Words with their tongues, change them from their appropriate places, and alter their intended meanings. They do this to deceive the ignorant people by making it appear that their words are i...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ شَهِيدٌ عَلَىٰ مَا تَعْمَلُونَ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi lima takfuroona bi Aayaatillaahi wallaahu shaheedun 'alaa maa ta'maloon

Say, "O People of the Scripture, why do you disbelieve in the verses of Allah while Allah is Witness over what you do?"

کہو کہ اہلِ کتاب! تم خدا کی آیتوں سے کیوں کفر کرتے ہو اور خدا تمہارے سب اعمال سے باخبر ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Several verses earlier, the text was dealing with the people of the Book, their false beliefs and their doubts. Then, appeared the mention of بیت اللہ Baytullah and Hajj. Now once again, the people of the Book are the addressees. These verses relate to a particular event. There was a Jew,...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘O People of the Scripture why do you disbelieve in God’s verses that is the Qur’ān when God is Witness of what you do?’ and will requite you for it?
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the People of the Book for Their Disbelief and Blocking the Path of Allah In this Ayah Allah criticizes the disbelieving People of the Book for refusing the truth, rejecting Allah's Ayat and hindering those who seek to believe from His path, although they know that what the Messenger was ...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ مَنْ ءَامَنَ تَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا وَأَنتُمْ شُهَدَآءُ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi lima tusuddoona 'an sabeelil laahi man aamana tabghoonahaa 'iwajanw wa antum shuhadaaa'; wa mallaahu bighaafilin 'ammaa ta'maloon

Say, "O People of the Scripture, why do you avert from the way of Allah those who believe, seeking to make it [seem] deviant, while you are witnesses [to the truth]? And Allah is not unaware of what you do."

کہو کہ اہلِ کتاب تم مومنوں کو خدا کے رستے سے کیوں روکتے ہو اور باوجود یہ کہ تم اس سے واقف ہو اس میں کجی نکالتے ہو اور خدا تمھارے کاموں سے بےخبر نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Several verses earlier, the text was dealing with the people of the Book, their false beliefs and their doubts. Then, appeared the mention of بیت اللہ Baytullah and Hajj. Now once again, the people of the Book are the addressees. These verses relate to a particular event. There was a Jew,...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘O People of the Scripture why do you bar believers causing them to turn away from God’s way His religion by denying the truth of the Prophet and concealing His graces desiring to make it crooked ‘iwajan is the verbal noun meaning mu‘awwajatan ‘made crooked’ inclining away from the truth while y...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the People of the Book for Their Disbelief and Blocking the Path of Allah In this Ayah Allah criticizes the disbelieving People of the Book for refusing the truth, rejecting Allah's Ayat and hindering those who seek to believe from His path, although they know that what the Messenger was ...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِن تُطِيعُوا۟ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعْدَ إِيمَٰنِكُمْ كَٰفِرِينَ

Yaaa ayyuhal lazeena aamanoo in tutee'oo fareeqam minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba yaruddookum ba'da eemaanikum kaafireen

O you who have believed, if you obey a party of those who were given the Scripture, they would turn you back, after your belief, [to being] unbelievers.

مومنو! اگر تم اہلِ کتاب کے کسی فریق کا کہا مان لو گے تو وہ تمھیں ایمان لانے کے بعد کافر بنا دیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Several verses earlier, the text was dealing with the people of the Book, their false beliefs and their doubts. Then, appeared the mention of بیت اللہ Baytullah and Hajj. Now once again, the people of the Book are the addressees. These verses relate to a particular event. There was a Jew,...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed when the Jews passed by the Aws and the Khazraj and were infuriated by their comradeship and set about reminding them of their mutual hostility in the days before Islam such that they caused them to quarrel and the two tribes were on the verge of fighting one another O you...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Warning Muslims Against Imitating People of the Scriptures Allah warns His believing servants against obeying the People of the Book, who envy the believers for the favor that Allah gave them by sending His Messenger . Similarly, Allah said, وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُم م...

كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَوْ ءَامَنَ أَهْلُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُم مِّنْهُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ

Kuntum khaira ummatin ukhrijat linnaasi taamuroona bilma'roofi wa tanhawna 'anil munkari wa tu'minoona billaah; wa law aamana Ahlul Kitaabi lakaana khairal lahum minhumul mu'minoona wa aksaruhumul faasiqoon

You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah. If only the People of the Scripture had believed, it would have been better for them. Among them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient.

(مومنو) جتنی امتیں (یعنی قومیں) لوگوں میں پیدا ہوئیں تم ان سب سے بہتر ہو کہ نیک کام کرنے کو کہتے ہو اور برے کاموں سے منع کرتے ہو اور خدا پر ایمان رکھتے ہو اور اگر اہلِ کتاب بھی ایمان لے آتے تو ان کے لیے بہت اچھا ہوتا ان میں ایمان لانے والے بھی ہیں (لیکن تھوڑے) اور اکثر نافرمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence In previous verses, Muslims were asked to take special care in order to remain steadfast in their faith, bid the Fair and forbid the Unfair. In the present verse, it has been further emphasised that these are the very reasons why Allah Almighty has conferred upon the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ ، m...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: You O community of Muhammad (s) are the best community brought forth manifested to men according to God’s knowledge enjoining decency and forbidding indecency and believing in God. Had the People of the Scripture believed it their belief would have been better for them; some of them are believers su...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ , the Best Nation Ever Allah states that the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ is the best nation ever, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah commented on this Ayah, "(You...

لَن يَضُرُّوكُمْ إِلَّآ أَذًى وَإِن يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ يُوَلُّوكُمُ ٱلْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ

Lai yadurrookum 'illaaa azanw wa ai yuqaatilookum yuwallookumul adbaara summa laa yunsaroon

They will not harm you except for [some] annoyance. And if they fight you, they will show you their backs; then they will not be aided.

اور یہ تمہیں خفیف سی تکلیف کے سوا کچھ نقصان نہیں پہنچا سکیں گے اور اگر تم سے لڑیں گے تو پیٹھ پھیر کر بھاگ جائیں گے پھر ان کو مدد بھی (کہیں سے) نہیں ملے گی

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary In previous verses (98-101), it was shown how hostile to Muslims the people of the Book were and how they planned to bring religious harm to them. Mentioned in the present verse are their plans to harm Muslims materially. The last sentence carries the prophecy that they shall not succeed....
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: They the Jews will not harm you O company of Muslims in any way except a little hurt with their tongues such as slander and threats; and if they fight against you they will turn their backs to you in retreat then they will not be helped against you but you will be helped against them.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ , the Best Nation Ever Allah states that the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ is the best nation ever, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah commented on this Ayah, "(You...

ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ

Duribat 'alaihimuz zillatu aina maa suqifooo illaa bihablim minal laahi wa hablim minan naasi wa baaa'oo bighadabim minallaahi wa duribat 'alaihimul maskanah; zaalika bi-annahum kaanoo yakfuroona bi Aayaatil laahi wa yaqtuloonal Ambiyaaa'a bighairi haqq; zaalika bimaa 'asaw wa kaanoo ya'tadoon

They have been put under humiliation [by Allah] wherever they are overtaken, except for a covenant from Allah and a rope from the Muslims. And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allah and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in the verses of Allah and killed the prophets without right. That is because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.

یہ جہاں نظر آئیں گے ذلت (کو دیکھو گے کہ) ان سے چمٹ رہی ہے بجز اس کے کہ یہ خدا اور (مسلمان) لوگوں کی پناہ میں آ جائیں اور یہ لوگ خدا کے غضب میں گرفتار ہیں اور ناداری ان سے لپٹ رہی ہے یہ اس لیے کہ خدا کی آیتوں سے انکار کرتےتھے اور (اس کے) پیغمبروں کو ناحق قتل کر دیتے تھے یہ اس لیے کہ یہ نافرمانی کیے جاتے اور حد سے بڑھے جاتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The meaning of disgrace and wrath cast on the Jews: A detailed discussion on this subject has already appeared under comments on verse 61 of Surah al-Baqarah where the text has not mentioned any exception. This can be seen in Volume I of this commentary. It also covers the exception given...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Abasement shall be cast upon them wherever they are found so that they have no strength and no protection save if they be clinging to a rope of God and a rope of the believing people this being the latter’s covenant of security for them on the condition that they pay the jizya in other words they ha...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ , the Best Nation Ever Allah states that the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ is the best nation ever, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah commented on this Ayah, "(You...

لَيْسُوا۟ سَوَآءً مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ أُمَّةٌ قَآئِمَةٌ يَتْلُونَ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيْلِ وَهُمْ يَسْجُدُونَ

Laisoo sawaaa'a; min Ahlil Kitaabi ummatun qaaa'imatuny yatloona Aayaatil laahi aanaaa'al laili wa hum yasjudoon

They are not [all] the same; among the People of the Scripture is a community standing [in obedience], reciting the verses of Allah during periods of the night and prostrating [in prayer].

یہ بھی سب ایک جیسے نہیں ہیں ان اہلِ کتاب میں کچھ لوگ (حکمِ خدا پر) قائم بھی ہیں جو رات کے وقت خدا کی آیتیں پڑھتے اور (اس کے آگے) سجدہ کرتے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In verse 110, it was said that among the people of the Book there are those who believe, yet most of them are disbelievers. Details appear in the present verse which gives a complementary profile of those who believed from among the people of the Book, and by becoming Muslims, they adopted the disti...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Yet they the People of the Scripture are not all alike equal; some of the People of the Scripture are a community upright with integrity adhering to the truth such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām may God be pleased with him and his companions who recite God’s verses in the watches of the night that is during...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Virtues of the People of the Scriptures Who Embrace Islam Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, including Al-Awfi who reported it from Ibn Abbas, said;"These Ayat were revealed about the clergy of the People of the Scriptures who embraced the faith. For instance, there is Abdullah bin Salam, Asad bin Ubayd...

لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِىٓ أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنفُسِكُمْ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوٓا۟ أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِن تَصْبِرُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ ٱلْأُمُورِ

Latublawunna feee amwaalikum wa anfusikum wa latasma'unna minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum wa minal lazeena ashrakooo azan kaseeraa; wa in tasbiroo wa tattaqoo fa inna zaalika min 'azmil umoor

You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination.

(اے اہل ایمان) تمہارے مال و جان میں تمہاری آزمائش کی جائے گی۔ اور تم اہل کتاب سے اور ان لوگوں سے جو مشرک ہیں بہت سی ایذا کی باتیں سنو گے۔ اور تو اگر صبر اور پرہیزگاری کرتے رہو گے تو یہ بڑی ہمت کے کام ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Thoughts of the Hereafter heal all sorrows and remove all doubts The sixth verse (185) puts a sharp focus on the ultimate reality of things in a situation when sometime somewhere disbelievers come to enjoy ascendency one way or the other and they have all the luxury they can think of in this world. ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: You shall surely be tried la-tublawunna the final nūn nominative indicator has been omitted because two nūn letters would otherwise succeed one another as has been the plural person indicator wāw where two unvocalised consonants have come together in other words you shall surely be tested in your pr...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Every Soul Shall Taste Death Allah issues a general and encompassing statement that every living soul shall taste death. In another statement, Allah said, كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ - وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلْـلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ (Whatsoever is on it (the earth) will perish. And the Face of ...

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ لَتُبَيِّنُنَّهُۥ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَكْتُمُونَهُۥ فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَآءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَٱشْتَرَوْا۟ بِهِۦ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَبِئْسَ مَا يَشْتَرُونَ

Wa iz akhazal laahu meesaaqal lazeena ootul Kitaaba latubaiyinunnahoo linnaasi wa laa taktumoona hoo fanabazoohu waraaa'a zuhoorihim washtaraw bihee samanan qaleelan fabi'sa maa yashtaroon

And [mention, O Muhammad], when Allah took a covenant from those who were given the Scripture, [saying], "You must make it clear to the people and not conceal it." But they threw it away behind their backs and exchanged it for a small price. And wretched is that which they purchased.

اور جب خدا نے ان لوگوں سے جن کو کتاب عنایت کی گئی تھی اقرار کرلیا کہ (جو کچھ اس میں لکھا ہے) اسے صاف صاف بیان کرتے رہنا۔ اور اس (کی کسی بات) کو نہ چھپانا تو انہں نے اس کو پس پشت پھینک دیا اور اس کے بدلے تھوڑی سی قیمت حاصل کی۔ یہ جو کچھ حاصل کرتے ہیں برا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In continuation of the description of evils practiced by the Jews mentioned in previous verses, the first of the present two verses (187, 188) takes up yet another evil practice of theirs. This is their habit of going back on solemn pledges and covenants - for Allah Almighty had taken pledge from th...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And mention when God made covenant with those who had been given the Scripture that is the pledge taken from them in the Torah ‘You shall expound it read tubayyinunnahu or yubayyinunnahu ‘they shall expound it’ the Book to people and not conceal it’ read taktumūnahu ‘you shall not conceal it’ or yak...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the People of the Scriptures for Breaking the Covenant and Hiding the Truth In this Ayah, Allah chastises the People of the Scriptures, from whom Allah took the covenant by the words of their Prophets, that they would believe in Muhammad ﷺ and describe him to the people, so that they woul...

وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَمَن يُؤْمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَٰشِعِينَ لِلَّهِ لَا يَشْتَرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ

Wa inna min Ahlil Kitaabi lamai yu minu billaahi wa maaa unzila ilaikum wa maaa unzila ilaihim khaashi 'eena lillaahi laa yashtaroona bi Aayaatil laahi samanan qaleelaa; ulaaa'ika lahum ajruhum 'inda Rabbihim; innal laaha saree'ul hisaab

And indeed, among the People of the Scripture are those who believe in Allah and what was revealed to you and what was revealed to them, [being] humbly submissive to Allah. They do not exchange the verses of Allah for a small price. Those will have their reward with their Lord. Indeed, Allah is swift in account.

اور بعض اہلِ کتاب ایسے بھی ہیں جو خدا پر اور اس (کتاب) پر جو تم پر نازل ہوئی اور اس پر جو ان پر نازل ہوئی ایمان رکھتے ہیں اور خدا کے آگے عاجزی کرتے ہیں اور خدا کی آیتوں کے بدلے تھوڑی سی قیمت نہیں لیتے یہی لوگ ہیں جن کا صلہ ان کے پروردگار کے ہاں تیار ہے اور خدا جلد حساب لینے والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Mentioned in verses previous to this were some prayers made by good believers. The first verse (195) appearing above reports that these prayers have been accepted and believers have been given the good news that great rewards have been marked for their good deeds. In the second and third verses (196...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Verily there are some among the People of the Scripture who believe in God like ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and his companions and the Negus and what has been revealed to you that is the Qur’ān and what has been revealed to them that is the Torah and the Gospel humble before God khāshi‘īn is a circumstantia...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Condition of Some of the People of the Scriptures and their Rewards Allah states that some of the People of the Book truly believe in Him and in what was sent down to Muhammad ﷺ, along with believing in the previously revealed Books, and they are obedient to Him and humble themselves before Alla...

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ نَصِيبًا مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ يَشْتَرُونَ ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن تَضِلُّوا۟ ٱلسَّبِيلَ

Alam tara ilal lazeena ootoo naseebam minal Kitaabi yashtaroonad dalaalata wa yureedoona an tadillus sabeel

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error [in exchange for it] and wishing you would lose the way?

بھلا تم نے ان لوگوں کو نہیں دیکھا جن کو کتاب سے حصہ دیا گیا تھا کہ وہ گمراہی کو خریدتے ہیں اور چاہتے ہیں کہ تم بھی رستے سے بھٹک جاؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The present verses take up the matter of dealings with enemies. It brings into sharp focus the wicked tricks, in word and deed, as practiced by the Jews, and then gives a view of what is true and correct. This last aspect is in a way an exhortation to Muslims that they should be careful in choosing ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Have you not seen those who were given a share a portion of the Book namely the Jews purchasing error with guidance and desiring that you should err from the way? that you should stray from the path of truth and be like them.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising the Jews for Choosing Misguidance, Altering Allah's Words, and Mocking Islam Allah states that the Jews, may Allah's continued curse fall on them until the Day of Resurrection, have purchased the wrong path instead of guidance, and ignored what Allah sent down to His Messenger Muhammad . ...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِمَا نَزَّلْنَا مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا مَعَكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن نَّطْمِسَ وُجُوهًا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَىٰٓ أَدْبَارِهَآ أَوْ نَلْعَنَهُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَّآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلسَّبْتِ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ ٱللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا

yaaa aiyuha lazeena ootu Kitaaba aaminoo bimaa nazzalnaa musadiqallimaa ma'akum min qabli an natmisa wujoohan fanaruddahaa 'alaaa adbaarihaaa aw nal'anahum kamaa la'annaaa Ashaabas Sabt; wa kaana amrul laahi maf'oolaa

O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down [to Muhammad], confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the sabbath-breakers. And ever is the decree of Allah accomplished.

اے کتاب والو! قبل اس کے کہ ہم لوگوں کے مونہوں کو بگاڑ کر ان کی پیٹھ کی طرف پھیر دیں یا ان پر اس طرح لعنت کریں جس طرح ہفتے والوں پر کی تھی ہماری نازل کی ہوئی کتاب پر جو تمہاری کتاب کی بھی تصدیق کرتی ہے ایمان لے آؤ اور خدا نے جو حکم فرمایا سو (سمجھ لو کہ) ہوچکا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Note 1: The Qur’ anic expression: فَنَرُ‌دَّهَا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِ‌هَا (and turn them shaped like their backs) admits of two probabilities in this act of turning. It could either be that the features of the face are eliminated and the whole face is turned around towards the back; or, it may...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who have been given the Scripture believe in what We have revealed of the Qur’ān confirming what is with you of the Torah before We obliterate faces erasing the eyes noses and eyebrows in them and turn them inside out and make them like the napes of the neck a flat plate or curse them by trans...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Calling the People of the Book to Embrace the Faith, Warning them Against Doing Otherwise Allah commands the People of the Scriptures to believe in what He has sent down to His servant and Messenger, Muhammad ﷺ , the Glorious Book that conforms to the good news that they already have about Muhammad ...

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ نَصِيبًا مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْجِبْتِ وَٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ أَهْدَىٰ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ سَبِيلًا

Alam tara ilal lazeena 'ootoo naseebam minal kitaabi yu'minoona bil Jibti wat Taaghooti wa yaqooloona lillazeena kafaroo haaa ulaaa'i ahdaa minal lazeena aamanoo sabeelaa

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in superstition and false objects of worship and say about the disbelievers, "These are better guided than the believers as to the way"?

بھلا تم نے ان لوگوں کو نہیں دیکھا جن کو کتاب سے حصہ دیا گیا ہے کہ بتوں اور شیطان کو مانتے ہیں اور کفار کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں کہ یہ لوگ مومنوں کی نسبت سیدھے رستے پر ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: A description of the evil traits of Jews has been appearing from the previous verse beginning with: أَلَمْ تَرَ‌ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِّنَ الْكِتَابِ يَشْتَرُ‌ونَ الضَّلَالَةَ. The present verses also deal with the same subject. 1. Jibt: Originally, the name of an idol which was also us...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed regarding Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf and other such scholars from among the Jews when they came to Mecca and saw those killed at Badr and began to incite the idolaters to avenge them their dead by waging war against the Prophet s Have you not seen those who were given a share of th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Chastising and Cursing the Jews for Claiming Purity for Themselves and Believing in Jibt and Taghut Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "This Ayah, أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ (Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves) was revealed about the Jews and Christians when th...

لَّيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَآ أَمَانِىِّ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مَن يَعْمَلْ سُوٓءًا يُجْزَ بِهِۦ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُۥ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا

Laisa bi amaaniyyikum wa laaa amaaniyyi Ahlil Kitaab; mai ya'mal sooo'ai yujza bihee wa laa yajid lahoo min doonil laahi waliyanw wa laa naseeraa

Paradise is not [obtained] by your wishful thinking nor by that of the People of the Scripture. Whoever does a wrong will be recompensed for it, and he will not find besides Allah a protector or a helper.

(نجات) نہ تو تمہاری آرزوؤں پر ہے اور نہ اہل کتاب کی آرزوؤں پر۔ جو شخص برے عمل کرے گا اسے اسی (طرح) کا بدلا دیا جائے گا اور وہ خدا کے سوا نہ کسی کو حمایتی پائے گا اور نہ مددگار

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary A dialogue between Muslims and he People of the Book contending for glory against each other Verse 123 which begins with the words: لَّيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ 'This is not (a matter of) your fancies or the fancies of the People of the Book...', is about a ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When the Muslims and the People of the Scripture began to pride themselves upon God’s promise the following was revealed It this matter is not dependent upon your desires nor the desires of the People of the Scripture but upon righteous deeds. Whoever does evil shall be requited for it either in the...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Success is Only Achieved by Performing Righteous Deeds, not Wishful Thinking Qatadah said, "We were told that the Muslims and the People of the Scriptures mentioned their own virtues to each other. People of the Scriptures said, `Our Prophet came before your Prophet and our Book before your Book. Th...

وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَإِن تَكْفُرُوا۟ فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا

Wa lillaahi maafis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa laqad wassainal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum wa iyyaakum anit taqul laah; wa intakfuroo fa inna lillaahi maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kaanal laahu Ghaniyyan hameedaa

And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And We have instructed those who were given the Scripture before you and yourselves to fear Allah. But if you disbelieve - then to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And ever is Allah Free of need and Praiseworthy.

اور جو کچھ آسمانوں اور جو کچھ زمین میں ہے سب خدا ہی کا ہے۔ اور جن لوگوں کو تم سے پہلے کتاب دی گئی تھی ان کو بھی اور (اے محمدﷺ) تم کو بھی ہم نے حکم تاکیدی کیا ہے کہ خدا سے ڈرتے رہو اور اگر کفر کرو گے تو (سمجھ رکھو کہ) جو کچھ آسمانوں میں اور جو کچھ زمین میں ہے سب خدا ہی کا ہے۔ اور خدا بے پروا اور سزاوار حمدوثنا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence After having stated the rules of behaviour as related to women and orphans, the text now reminds the promise of rewards for those abiding by these rules, and the warning for those contravening them, which is the usual style of the Holy Qur'an. Significant Inferences Readily noticeable here ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: To God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth. We have charged those who were given the Scripture meaning the scriptures before you namely the Jews and Christians and you O people of the Qur’ān ‘Fear God’ fear His punishment by being obedient to Him. And We said to them and to you ‘If y...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Necessity of Taqwa of Allah Allah states that He is the Owner of the heavens and earth and that He is the Supreme Authority over them. Hence Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّـكُمْ (And verily, We have recommended to the People of the Scri...

يَسْـَٔلُكَ أَهْلُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ أَن تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَٰبًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَقَدْ سَأَلُوا۟ مُوسَىٰٓ أَكْبَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالُوٓا۟ أَرِنَا ٱللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ ٱلصَّٰعِقَةُ بِظُلْمِهِمْ ثُمَّ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ ٱلْعِجْلَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ فَعَفَوْنَا عَن ذَٰلِكَ وَءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ سُلْطَٰنًا مُّبِينًا

yas'aluka Ahlul Kitaabi an tunazzila 'alaihim Kitaabam minas samaaa'i faqad sa aloo Moosaa akbara min zaalika faqaaloo arinal laaha jahratan fa akhazat humus saa'iqatu bizulmihim; summat takhazul 'ijla mim ba'di maa jaa'at humul baiyinaatu fa'afawnaa 'ann zaalik; wa aatainaa Moosaa sultaanam mubeenaa

The People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven. But they had asked of Moses [even] greater than that and said, "Show us Allah outright," so the thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing. Then they took the calf [for worship] after clear evidences had come to them, and We pardoned that. And We gave Moses a clear authority.

(اے محمدﷺ) اہل کتاب تم سے درخواست کرتے ہیں کہ تم ان پر ایک (لکھی ہوئی) کتاب آسمان سے اتار لاؤ تو یہ موسیٰ سے اس سے بھی بڑی بڑی درخواستیں کرچکے ہیں (ان سے) کہتے تھے ہمیں خدا ظاہر (یعنی آنکھوں سے) دکھا دو سو ان کے گناہ کی وجہ سے ان کو بجلی نے آپکڑا۔ پھر کھلی نشانیاں آئے پیچھے بچھڑے کو (معبود) بنا بیٹھے تو اس سے بھی ہم نے درگزر کی۔ اور موسیٰ کو صریح غلبہ دیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some previous verses censured Jews for their mistrustfulness in matters of faith. In the present verses too, there appears a long list of some of their other evil doings and, because of these ugly problems with them, mention has been made of their punishment. This strain continues in many more verse...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The People of the Scripture the Jews will ask of you O Muhammad (s) to cause a Book to be revealed to them from the heaven all at once as was revealed to Moses merely to harass you. If you consider this shocking then know that they their forefathers asked Moses for something greater than that for th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Stubbornness of the Jews Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qatadah said that the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to cause a book to come down to them from heaven, just as the Tawrah was sent down to Musa. Ibn Jurayj said that the Jews asked the Messenger to cause books to come down t...

وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِۦ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِۦ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا

Wa im min Ahlil Kitaabi illaa layu'minanna bihee qabla mawtihee wa Yawmal Qiyaamati yakoonu 'alaihim shaheedaa

And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in Jesus before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them a witness.

اور کوئی اہل کتاب نہیں ہوگا مگر ان کی موت سے پہلے ان پر ایمان لے آئے گا۔ اور وہ قیامت کے دن ان پر گواہ ہوں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Then comes the finale of the subject in verse 159 beginning with the words: وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ (And there is not one among the People of the Book but shall certainly believe in him { Jesus} before he { Jesus} dies, and on the Day of Doom, he shall...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And there is not one of the People of the Scripture but will assuredly believe in him in Jesus before his death that is before the death of one belonging to the People of the Scripture upon seeing the angels of death with his very eyes at which point his faith will not profit him; or it means before...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Crimes of the Jews The sins mentioned here are among the many sins that the Jews committed, which caused them to be cursed and removed far away from right guidance. The Jews broke the promises and vows that Allah took from them, and also rejected Allah's Ayat, meaning His signs and proofs, and t...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَا تَغْلُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلْحَقَّ إِنَّمَا ٱلْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُۥٓ أَلْقَىٰهَآ إِلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِّنْهُ فَـَٔامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ ثَلَٰثَةٌ ٱنتَهُوا۟ خَيْرًا لَّكُمْ إِنَّمَا ٱللَّهُ إِلَٰهٌ وَٰحِدٌ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥٓ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ لَّهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَكِيلًا

Yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi laa taghloo fee deenikum wa laa taqooloo 'alal laahi illalhaqq; innamal Maseehu 'Eesab-nu-Maryamma Rasoolul laahi wa Kalimatuhooo alqaahaaa ilaa Maryamma wa roohum minhum fa aaminoo billaahi wa Rusulihee wa laa taqooloo salaasah; intahoo khairallakum; innamal laahu Ilaahunw Waahid, Subhaanahooo ani yakoona lahoo walad; lahoo maa fissamaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kafaa billaahi Wakeelaa

O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allah is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs.

اے اہل کتاب اپنے دین (کی بات) میں حد سے نہ بڑھو اور خدا کے بارے میں حق کے سوا کچھ نہ کہو۔ مسیح (یعنی) مریم کے بیٹے عیسیٰ (نہ خدا تھے نہ خدا کے بیٹے بلکہ) خدا کے رسول اور کا کلمہٴ (بشارت) تھے جو اس نے مریم کی طرف بھیجا تھا اور اس کی طرف سے ایک روح تھے تو خدا اوراس کے رسولوں پر ایمان لاؤ۔ اور (یہ) نہ کہو (کہ خدا) تین (ہیں۔ اس اعتقاد سے) باز آؤ کہ یہ تمہارے حق میں بہتر ہے۔ خدا ہی معبود واحد ہے اور اس سے پاک ہے کہ اس کے اولاد ہو۔ جو کچھ آسمانوں میں اور جو کچھ زمین میں ہے سب اسی کا ہے۔ اور خدا ہی کارساز کافی ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Jews' were the addressees in previous verses which provided details of how astray they had gone. The present verses address the Christians and refute their doctrinal position as related to God and Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) . Commentary_ The word: كَلِمَتُهُ : Kalimatuh used in this verse tells us...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O People of the Scripture the Gospel do not go to extremes do not go beyond the bounds in your religion and do not say about God except the saying of the truth such as exalting Him above any associations with a partner or a child the Messiah Jesus the son of Mary was only the Messenger of God and Hi...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Prohibiting the People of the Book From Going to Extremes in Religion Allah forbids the People of the Scriptures from going to extremes in religion, which is a common trait of theirs, especially among the Christians. The Christians exaggerated over `Isa until they elevated him above the grade that A...

ٱلْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتُ وَطَعَامُ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِىٓ أَخْدَانٍ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُۥ وَهُوَ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ

Alyawma uhilla lakumut taiyibaatu wa ta'aamul lazeena ootul Kitaaba hillul lakum wa ta'aamukum hillul lahum wal muhsanaatu minal mu'minaati walmuhsanaatu minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum izaaa aataitumoohunna ujoorahunna muhsineena ghaira musaafiheena wa laa muttakhizeee akhdaan; wa mai yakfur bil eemaani faqad habita 'amaluhoo wa huwa fil Aaakhirati minal khaasireen

This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.

آج تمہارے لیے سب پاکیزہ چیزیں حلال کر دی گئیں اور اہل کتاب کا کھانا بھی تم کو حلال ہے اور تمہارا کھانا ان کو حلال ہے اور پاک دامن مومن عورتیں اور پاک دامن اہل کتاب عورتیں بھی (حلال ہیں) جبکہ ان کا مہر دے دو۔ اور ان سے عفت قائم رکھنی مقصود ہو نہ کھلی بدکاری کرنی اور نہ چھپی دوستی کرنی اور جو شخص ایمان سے منکر ہوا اس کے عمل ضائع ہو گئے اور وہ آخرت میں نقصان پانے والوں میں ہوگا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary In the first verse of Surah al-Ma'idah, the lawfulness of domestic animals such as the goat, cow and buffalo has been described. The third verse has a detail of nine kinds of unlawful animals. From that detail to the opening sentence of the present verse, we come to know in summation the ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Today the good the delicious things are permitted to you and the food of those who were given the Scripture that is animals slaughtered by the Jews and Christians is permitted to you and permitted to them is your food. Likewise the believing free married women and the married women of those who were...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Permitting the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book After Allah mentioned the filthy things that He prohibited for His believing servants and the good things that He allowed for them, He said next, الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَـتُ (Made lawful to you this day are At-Tayyibat.) Allah t...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا كُنتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَيَعْفُوا۟ عَن كَثِيرٍ قَدْ جَآءَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَٰبٌ مُّبِينٌ

yaaa Ahlal kitaabi qad jaaa'akum Rasoolunaa yubaiyinu lakum kaseeram mimmmaa kuntum tukhfoona minal Kitaabi wa ya'foo 'an kaseer; qad jaaa'akum minal laahi noorunw wa Kitaabum Mubeen

O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture and overlooking much. There has come to you from Allah a light and a clear Book.

اے اہل کتاب! تمہارے پاس ہمارے پیغمبر (آخرالزماں) آ گئے ہیں کہ جو کچھ تم کتاب (الہٰی) میں سے چھپاتے تھے وہ اس میں سے بہت کچھ تمہیں کھول کھول کر بتا دیتے ہیں اور تمہارے بہت سے قصور معاف کر دیتے ہیں بےشک تمہارے پاس خدا کی طرف سے نور اور روشن کتاب آ چکی ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Refuted here in this verse is only one saying of the Christians - which is the belief of a sect among them - that Sayyidna Masih (علیہ السلام) is God. But, the argument employed in the refutation virtually covers the false beliefs of all sects against the inalienable principle of Tauhid, ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O People of the Scripture Jews and Christians now there has come to you Our Messenger Muhammad (s) making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture the Torah and the Gospel such as the ‘stoning’ verse and the description of the Prophet Muhammad (s) and pardoning much of it which...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Explaining the Truth Through the Messenger and the Qur'an Allah states that He sent His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ with the guidance and the religion of truth to all the people of the earth, the Arabs and non-Arabs, lettered and unlettered. Allah also states that He sent Muhammad with clear evidences and...

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَىٰ فَتْرَةٍ مِّنَ ٱلرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنۢ بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُم بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

Yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi qad jaaa'akum Rasoolunaa yubaiyinu lakum 'alaa fatratim minal Rusuli an taqooloo maa jaaa'anaa mim basheerinw wa laa nazeerin faqad jaaa'akum basheerunw wa nazeer; wallaahu 'alaa kulli shai'in Qadeer

O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allah is over all things competent.

اے اہلِ کتاب پیغمبروں کے آنے کا سلسلہ جو (ایک عرصے تک) منقطع رہا تو (اب) تمہارے پاس ہمارے پیغمبر آ گئے ہیں جو تم سے (ہمارے احکام) بیان کرتے ہیں تاکہ تم یہ نہ کہو کہ ہمارے پاس کوئی خوشخبری یا ڈر سنانے والا نہیں آیا سو (اب) تمہارے پاس خوشخبری اور ڈر سنانے والے آ گئے ہیں اور خدا ہر چیز پر قادر ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The word, "fatrah" in: عَلَىٰ فَتْرَ‌ةٍ مِّنَ الرُّ‌سُلِ (after a gap between Messengers) literally means to slacken, to become dormant or to suspend or to terminate an activity. Leading authorities in Tafsir have given this very meaning of fatrah in this verse. It signifies the suspensio...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O People of the Scripture there has verily come to you Our Messenger Muhammad (s) making clear to you the laws of religion after an interval between the messengers for there was no messenger between him and Jesus an interval of 569 years; lest you should say if you are punished ‘There has not come t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): وَلَبِثُواْ فِى كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِئَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُواْ تِسْعًا (And they stayed in their Cave three hundred years, adding nine.) meaning, nine more lunar years to substitute for the difference between lunar and solar years, thus agreeing with the three hundred years that the People of the Bo...

وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ ٱلْإِنجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ

Walyahkum Ahlul Injeeli bimaaa anzalal laahu feeh; wa mal lam yahkum bimaaa anzalal laahu fa ulaaa'ika humul faasiqoon

And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the defiantly disobedient.

اور اہل انجیل کو چاہیئے کہ جو احکام خدا نے اس میں نازل فرمائے ہیں اس کے مطابق حکم دیا کریں اور جو خدا کے نازل کئے ہوئے احکام کے مطابق حکم نہ دے گا تو ایسے لوگ نافرماں ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the fourth verse (47) it was said that the people of the Injil should enforce injunctions in accordance with the Law revealed by Al-mighty Allah in the Injil, and those who enforce what is against the in-junctions sent down by Almighty Allah are disobedient, sinners.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: We said So let the People of the Gospel judge according to what God has revealed therein of rulings a variant reading of wa’l-yahkum ‘let them judge’ is wa-li-yahkuma making it a supplement to that which is governed by the previous verb ātaynāhu ‘We gave to him’. Whoever does not judge according to ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Allah Mentions `Isa and Praises the Injil Allah said, وَقَفَّيْنَا (and We sent...) meaning, We sent عَلَى ءَاثَـرِهِمْ (in their footsteps) meaning the Prophets of the Children of Israel, بِعَيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَوْرَاةِ (`Isa, son of Maryam, confirming the...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ دِينَكُمْ هُزُوًا وَلَعِبًا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَٱلْكُفَّارَ أَوْلِيَآءَ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tattakhizul lazeenat takhazoo deenakum huzuwanw wa la'ibam minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum walkuffaara awliyaaa'; wattaqul laaha in kuntum muu'mineen

O you who have believed, take not those who have taken your religion in ridicule and amusement among the ones who were given the Scripture before you nor the disbelievers as allies. And fear Allah, if you should [truly] be believers.

اے ایمان والوں! جن لوگوں کو تم سے پہلے کتابیں دی گئی تھیں ان کو اور کافروں کو جنہوں نے تمہارے دین کو ہنسی اور کھیل بنا رکھا ہے دوست نہ بناؤ اور مومن ہو تو خدا سے ڈرتے رہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The Prohibition of Friendship with those who make fun of Islam In the sixth verse (57), Allah Almighty has again stressed upon the injunction mentioned in verse 51 at the beginning of the Section, the sense of which is that the Muslims should not seek close friendship with people who make fun of the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who believe do not take as patrons those who take your religion in mockery as something to be mocked and as a game from among min is explicative those who were given the Scripture before you and from among the disbelievers read al-kuffāri or al-kuffāra the idolaters — and fear God by refrainin...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Prohibition of Being Loyal Friends with Disbelievers This Ayah discourages and forbids taking the enemies of Islam and its people, such as the People of the Book and the polytheists, as friends. These disbelievers mock the most important acts that any person could ever perform, the honorable, pu...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلَّآ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلُ وَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi hal tanqimoona minnaaa illaaa an aamannaa billaahi wa maaa unzila ilainaa wa maa unzila min qablu wa annna aksarakum faasiqoon

Say, "O People of the Scripture, do you resent us except [for the fact] that we have believed in Allah and what was revealed to us and what was revealed before and because most of you are defiantly disobedient?"

کہو کہ اے اہل کتاب! تم ہم میں برائی ہی کیا دیکھتے ہو سوا اس کے کہ ہم خدا پر اور جو (کتاب) ہم پر نازل ہوئی اس پر اور جو (کتابیں) پہلے نازل ہوئیں ان پر ایمان لائے ہیں اور تم میں اکثر بدکردار ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Referring to the Jews and Christians in: أَكْثَرَ‌كُمْ فَاسِقُونَ (most of you are sinners) at the end of the first verse, ` most' - not ` all'- of them have been declared to be outside the fold of Faith. The reason for this is that they did have people among them who remained believers u...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed when the Jews said to the Prophet s ‘Whom among the messengers do you believe in?’ and he replied in God and in that which has been revealed to us Q. 2136 and when he mentioned Jesus they said ‘We know of no religion worse than yours!’ Say ‘O People of the Scripture do you...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of their Faith in Allah Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, to those who mock and jest about your religion from among the People of the Scriptures, هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلاَّ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِ...

وَتَرَىٰ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُمْ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ وَأَكْلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

Wa taraa kaseeram minhum yusaari'oona fil ismi wal'udwaani wa aklihimus suht; labi'sa maa kaanoo ya'maloon

And you see many of them hastening into sin and aggression and the devouring of [what is] unlawful. How wretched is what they have been doing.

اور تم دیکھو گے کہ ان میں اکثر گناہ اور زیادتی اور حرام کھانے میں جلدی کر رہے ہیں بےشک یہ جو کچھ کرتے ہیں برا کرتے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The Moral Loss of Jews In the first verse (62) cited above, mentioned there is the moral depravation and self-destructive attitude of many Jews so that people who know that may take a lesson and stay away from such deeds, as well as from causes that lead to them. Though, this was generall...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And you see many of them namely the Jews vying falling headlong in sin in calumny and enmity wrongdoing and their consuming of unlawful gain what is illicit like bribes; evil is that deed of theirs which they have been committing.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of their Faith in Allah Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, to those who mock and jest about your religion from among the People of the Scriptures, هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلاَّ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِ...

وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّقَوْا۟ لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ وَلَأَدْخَلْنَٰهُمْ جَنَّٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ

Wa law anna Ahlal Kitaabi aamanoo wattaqaw lakaffarnaa 'anhum saiyiaatihim wa la adkhalnaahu Jannaatin Na'eem

And if only the People of the Scripture had believed and feared Allah, We would have removed from them their misdeeds and admitted them to Gardens of Pleasure.

اور اگر اہل کتاب ایمان لاتے اور پرہیز گاری کرتے تو ہم ان سے ان کے گناہ محو کر دیتے اور ان کو نعمت کے باغوں میں داخل کرتے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence Some conditions of the Jews were mentioned in the previous verses. More particular ones appear in the verses cited above, especially the ones identified with Nabbash son of Qays and Fenhas, the chief of the Jewish tribe of Qaiynuqa` who uttered words of affront with reference to Almighty Al...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But had the People of the Scripture believed in Muhammad (s) and feared unbelief We would have absolved them of their evil deeds and We would admitted them to Gardens of Bliss.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up! Allah states that the Jews, may Allah's continuous curses descend on them until the Day of Resurrection, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him. The Jews also claim that Allah is poor, while they are rich. `Ali bin Abi ...

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ أَقَامُوا۟ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِم مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ لَأَكَلُوا۟ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِم مِّنْهُمْ أُمَّةٌ مُّقْتَصِدَةٌ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ سَآءَ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ

Wa law annahum aqaamut Tawraata wal Injeela wa maaa unzila ilaihim mir Rabbihim la akaloo min fawqihim wa min tahti arjulihim; minhum ummatum muqta sidatunw wa kaseerum minhum saaa'a maa ya'maloon

And if only they upheld [the law of] the Torah, the Gospel, and what has been revealed to them from their Lord, they would have consumed [provision] from above them and from beneath their feet. Among them are a moderate community, but many of them - evil is that which they do.

اور اگر وہ تورات اور انجیل کو اور جو (اور کتابیں) ان کے پروردگار کی طرف سے ان پر نازل ہوئیں ان کو قائم رکھتے (تو ان پر رزق مینہ کی طرح برستا کہ) اپنے اوپر سے پاؤں کے نیچے سے کھاتے ان میں کچھ لوگ میانہ رو ہیں اور بہت سے ایسے ہیں جن کے اعمال برے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: How are Divine Commands carried out in Full? Mentioned in verse 66 which begins with the words: وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ أَقَامُوا التَّوْرَ‌اةَ (And if they had upheld the Torah ...), are some details of the same faith and godliness for which worldly blessings have been promised in the previous verse (65)....
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And had they observed the Torah and the Gospel by implementing what is in them including believing in the Prophet s and what was revealed to them of scriptures from their Lord they would surely have received nourishment from above them and from beneath their feet by their being given provision in ab...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up! Allah states that the Jews, may Allah's continuous curses descend on them until the Day of Resurrection, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him. The Jews also claim that Allah is poor, while they are rich. `Ali bin Abi ...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَسْتُمْ عَلَىٰ شَىْءٍ حَتَّىٰ تُقِيمُوا۟ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُم مَّآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغْيَٰنًا وَكُفْرًا فَلَا تَأْسَ عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi lastum 'alaa shai'in hattaa tuqeemut Tawraata wal Injeela wa maaa unzila ilaikum mir Rabbikum; wa layazeedanna kaseeram minhum maa unzila ilaika mir Rabbika tugh yaananw wa kufran falaa taasa 'alal qawmil kaafireen

Say, "O People of the Scripture, you are [standing] on nothing until you uphold [the law of] the Torah, the Gospel, and what has been revealed to you from your Lord." And that which has been revealed to you from your Lord will surely increase many of them in transgression and disbelief. So do not grieve over the disbelieving people.

کہو کہ اے اہل کتاب! جب تک تم تورات اور انجیل کو اور جو (اور کتابیں) تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے تم لوگوں پر نازل ہوئیں ان کو قائم نہ رکھو گے کچھ بھی راہ پر نہیں ہو سکتے اور یہ (قرآن) جو تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے تم پر نازل ہوا ہے ان میں سے اکثر کی سرکشی اور کفر اور بڑھے گا تو تم قوم کفار پر افسوس نہ کرو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence Earlier, the people of the Book were persuaded to embrace Islam. Mentioned now is the futility of their current approach which they claimed to be the God's truth while it was unworkable in the sight of Allah, insufficient for salvation and dependant on Islam as the only source of salvation....
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘O People of the Scripture you have no basis in religion on which to rely until you observe the Torah and the Gospel and what was revealed to you from your Lord’ by implementing what is therein including believing in me Muhammad (s). And what has been revealed to you from your Lord of the Qur’ān...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): There is no Salvation Except through Faith in the Qur'an Allah says: O Muhammad, say, يَـأَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ لَسْتُمْ عَلَى شَىْءٍ (O People of the Scripture! You have nothing...) meaning no real religion until you adhere to and implement the Tawrah and the Injil. That is, until you believe in all the...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَا تَغْلُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ غَيْرَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوٓا۟ أَهْوَآءَ قَوْمٍ قَدْ ضَلُّوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ وَأَضَلُّوا۟ كَثِيرًا وَضَلُّوا۟ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi laa taghloo fee deenikum ghairal haqqi wa laa tattabi'ooo ahwaaa'a qawmin qad dalloo min qablu wa adalloo kaseeranw wa dalloo 'an Sawaaa'is Sabeel

Say, "O People of the Scripture, do not exceed limits in your religion beyond the truth and do not follow the inclinations of a people who had gone astray before and misled many and have strayed from the soundness of the way."

کہو کہ اے اہل کتاب! اپنے دین (کی بات) میں ناحق مبالغہ نہ کرو اور ایسے لوگوں کی خواہشوں کے پیچھے نہ چلو جو (خود بھی) پہلے گمراہ ہوئے اور اَور بھی اکثروں کو گمراہ کر گئے اور سیدھے رستے سے بھٹک گئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The Crookedness of Bani Isra'il : Yet Another Aspect It will be recalled that, in previous verses, mentioned there was the contumacy of Bani Isra'il along with their tyranny and injustice with reference to what they did to their benefactors, the prophets sent by Allah who had come to show...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘O People of the Scripture Jews and Christians do not go to extremes do not overstep the bounds in your religion other than those extremes of truth neither lowering nor elevating Jesus above his proper place and do not follow the whims of a people who went astray formerly on account of their ext...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Prohibition of Shirk (Polytheism) and Exaggeration in the Religion Allah admonishes those who take up rivals with Him and worship the idols, monuments and false deities. Allah states that such false deities do not deserve any degree of Divinity. Allah said, قُلْ (Say) O Muhammad, to those from a...

ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَعْرِفُونَهُۥ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَآءَهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَسِرُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

Allazeena aatainaa humul Kitaaba ya'rifoonahoo kamaa ya'rifoona abnaaa'ahum; allazeena khasirooo anfusahum fahum laa yu'minoon

Those to whom We have given the Scripture recognize it as they recognize their [own] sons. Those who will lose themselves [in the Hereafter] do not believe.

جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتاب دی ہے وہ ان (ہمارے پیغمبرﷺ) کو اس طرح پہچانتے ہیں جس طرح اپنے بیٹوں کو پہچانا کرتے ہیں جنہوں نے اپنے تئیں نقصان میں ڈال رکھا ہے وہ ایمان نہیں لاتے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In verse 20, there is a refutation of the saying of those who had said that they had checked with the Jews and the Christians and none of them were ready to attest to his truth as a Messenger of Allah. About that it was said: الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِ‌فُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِ‌فُونَ أَبْنَ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Those to whom We have given the Scripture recognise him that is Muhammad (s) by the descriptions of him in their Scripture as they recognise their sons; those of them who have forfeited their own souls do not believe in him.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Allah is the Irresistible, Able to Bring Benefit and Protect from Harm Allah states that He Alone brings benefit or harm, and that He does what He wills with His creatures, none can resist His judgment or prevent what He decrees, وَإِن يَمْسَسْكَ اللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ فَلاَ كَـشِفَ لَهُ إِلاَّ هُوَ وَإِن ...

أَفَغَيْرَ ٱللَّهِ أَبْتَغِى حَكَمًا وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مُفَصَّلًا وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُۥ مُنَزَّلٌ مِّن رَّبِّكَ بِٱلْحَقِّ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْمُمْتَرِينَ

Afaghairal laahi abtaghee hakamanw wa Huwal lazee anzala ilaikumul Kitaaba mufassalaa; wallazeena atai naahumul Kitaaba ya'lamoona annahoo munazzalum mir Rabbika bilhaqqi falaa takoonanna minal mumtareen

[Say], "Then is it other than Allah I should seek as judge while it is He who has revealed to you the Book explained in detail?" And those to whom We [previously] gave the Scripture know that it is sent down from your Lord in truth, so never be among the doubters.

(کہو) کیا میں خدا کے سوا اور منصف تلاش کروں حالانکہ اس نے تمہاری طرف واضع المطالب کتاب بھیجی ہے اور جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتاب (تورات) دی ہے وہ جانتے ہیں کہ وہ تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے برحق نازل ہوئی ہے تو تم ہرگز شک کرنے والوں میں نہ ہونا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Mentioned in previous verses was the obstinate attitude of the disbelievers of Makkah against the veracity of the Qur'an and the Prophet of Islam ﷺ . Despite having seen signs and miracles proving their truth, they remained adamant, event went on to demand miracles of their choice before ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed when they asked the Prophet s to appoint an arbiter between him and themselves. Say Shall I seek demand other than God as a judge an arbiter between you and me when it is He Who revealed to you the Book the Qur’ān clearly explained? wherein truth is distinguished from fals...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْتَغِى حَكَماً (Shall I seek a judge other than Allah...) between you and I, وَهُوَ الَّذِى أَنَزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكِتَـبَ مُفَصَّلاً (while it is He Who has sent down unto you the Book, explained...) in detail, وَالَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَـهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ (and those unto whom We gave...

أَن تَقُولُوٓا۟ إِنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبُ عَلَىٰ طَآئِفَتَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِنَا وَإِن كُنَّا عَن دِرَاسَتِهِمْ لَغَٰفِلِينَ

An taqooloo innammaaa unzilal Kitaabu 'alaa taaa'ifataini min qablinaa wa in kunnaa 'an diraasatihim laghaafileen

[We revealed it] lest you say, "The Scripture was only sent down to two groups before us, but we were of their study unaware,"

(اور اس لیے اتاری ہے) کہ (تم یوں نہ) کہو کہ ہم سے پہلے دو ہی گروہوں پر کتابیں اتری تھیں اور ہم ان کے پڑھنے سے (معذور اور) بےخبر تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The reason of being ` ignorant of (or heedless to) what they studied - 156' was not that the Torah and the Injil were non-existent in the Arabic language because it is possible to become informed of the contents through a translation, in fact, this happens. Instead, this is because the pe...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: We have revealed it lest you should say ‘The Scripture was revealed only upon two parties — the Jews and the Christians — before us and we in has been softened its noun omitted in other words read as innā indeed have been unacquainted with their study’ their reading of the scripture not knowing any ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Qur'an is Allah's Proof Against His Creation Ibn Jarir commented on the Ayah, "The Ayah means, this is a Book that We sent down, so that you do not say, إِنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ الْكِتَـبُ عَلَى طَآئِفَتَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِنَا ("The Book was sent down only to two sects before us.") This way, you will have n...

أَوْ تَقُولُوا۟ لَوْ أَنَّآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا ٱلْكِتَٰبُ لَكُنَّآ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُم بَيِّنَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَذَّبَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَصَدَفَ عَنْهَا سَنَجْزِى ٱلَّذِينَ يَصْدِفُونَ عَنْ ءَايَٰتِنَا سُوٓءَ ٱلْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَصْدِفُونَ

Aw taqooloo law annaaa unzila 'alainal kitaabu lakunnaaa ahdaa minhum; faqad jaaa'akum baiyinatum mir Rabbikum wa hudanw wa rahmah; faman azlamu mimman kazzaba bi Aayaatil laahi wa sadaf 'anhaa; sanajzil lazeena yasdifoona 'an Aayaatinaa sooo'al 'azaabi bimaa kaanoo yasdifoon

Or lest you say, "If only the Scripture had been revealed to us, we would have been better guided than they." So there has [now] come to you a clear evidence from your Lord and a guidance and mercy. Then who is more unjust than one who denies the verses of Allah and turns away from them? We will recompense those who turn away from Our verses with the worst of punishment for their having turned away.

یا (یہ نہ) کہو کہ اگر ہم پر بھی کتاب نازل ہوتی تو ہم ان لوگوں کی نسبت کہیں سیدھے رستے پر ہوتے سو تمہارے پاس تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے دلیل اور ہدایت اور رحمت آ گئی ہے تو اس سے بڑھ کر ظالم کون ہوگا جو خدا کی آیتوں کی تکذیب کرے اور ان سے (لوگوں کو) پھیرے جو لوگ ہماری آیتوں سے پھیرتے ہیں اس پھیرنے کے سبب ہم ان کو برے عذاب کی سزا دیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The reason of being ` ignorant of (or heedless to) what they studied - 156' was not that the Torah and the Injil were non-existent in the Arabic language because it is possible to become informed of the contents through a translation, in fact, this happens. Instead, this is because the pe...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Or lest you should say ‘If the Scripture had been revealed to us we would have surely been more rightly guided than they are’ because of the excellence of our minds. Now indeed a clear proof a clear statement has come to you from your Lord and a guidance and a mercy for him who follows it; and who t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Qur'an is Allah's Proof Against His Creation Ibn Jarir commented on the Ayah, "The Ayah means, this is a Book that We sent down, so that you do not say, إِنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ الْكِتَـبُ عَلَى طَآئِفَتَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِنَا ("The Book was sent down only to two sects before us.") This way, you will have n...

قَٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَا بِٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ ٱلْحَقِّ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا۟ ٱلْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَٰغِرُونَ

Qaatilul lazeena laa yu'minoona billaahi wa laa bil yawmil Aakhiri wa laa yuharrimoona maa harramal laahu wa Rasooluhoo wa laa yadeenoona deenal haqqi minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba hattaa yu'tul jizyata ai yadinw wa hum saaghiroon

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.

جو اہل کتاب میں سے خدا پر ایمان نہیں لاتے اور نہ روز آخرت پر (یقین رکھتے ہیں) اور نہ ان چیزوں کو حرام سمجھتے ہیں جو خدا اور اس کے رسول نے حرام کی ہیں اور نہ دین حق کو قبول کرتے ہیں ان سے جنگ کرو یہاں تک کہ ذلیل ہوکر اپنے ہاتھ سے جزیہ دیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Verse 28 appearing earlier referred to Jihad against the Mushirks of Makkah. The present verses talk about Jihad against the People of the Book. In a sense, this is a prelude to the battle of Tabuk that was fought against the People of the Book. In Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur, it has been r...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Fight those who do not believe in God nor in the Last Day for otherwise they would have believed in the Prophet s and who do not forbid what God and His Messenger have forbidden such as wine nor do they practise the religion of truth the firm one the one that abrogated other religions namely the rel...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Idolators are no longer allowed into Al-Masjid Al-Haram Allah commands His believing servants, who are pure in religion and person, to expel the idolators who are filthy in the religious sense, from Al-Masjid Al-Haram. After the revelation of this Ayah, idolators were no longer allowed to go near th...

فَإِن كُنتَ فِى شَكٍّ مِّمَّآ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ فَسْـَٔلِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَقْرَءُونَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكَ لَقَدْ جَآءَكَ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْمُمْتَرِينَ

Fa in kunta fee shakkim mimmaaa anzalnaaa ilaika fas'alil lazeena yaqra'oonal Kitaaba min qablik; laqad jaaa'akal haqqu mir Rabbika falaa takoonanna minal mumtareen

So if you are in doubt, [O Muhammad], about that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who have been reading the Scripture before you. The truth has certainly come to you from your Lord, so never be among the doubters.

اگر تم کو اس (کتاب کے) بارے میں جو ہم نے تم پر نازل کی ہے کچھ شک ہو تو جو لوگ تم سے پہلے کی (اُتری ہوئی) کتابیں پڑھتے ہیں ان سے پوچھ لو۔ تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے تمہارے پاس حق آچکا ہے تو تم ہرگز شک کرنے والوں میں نہ ہونا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the third verse (94), the address is obviously to the Holy Prophet ﷺ . But, it goes without saying that there is no probability of his doubting the revelation. Therefore, the purpose is to beam the message to the Muslim community through this address where he is not the intended recipient. Then, ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So if you O Muhammad (s) are in doubt concerning what We have revealed to you of stories — hypothetically speaking — then question those who read the Scripture the Torah before you for it is confirmed therein with them and they can inform you of its truth. The Prophet s said ‘I have no doubt nor wil...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Previous books Attest to the Truth of the Qur'an Allah said: الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِىَّ الأُمِّىَّ الَّذِى يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِى التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِنجِيلِ (Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write whom they find written of with them ...

وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمِنَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ مَن يُنكِرُ بَعْضَهُۥ قُلْ إِنَّمَآ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ ٱللَّهَ وَلَآ أُشْرِكَ بِهِۦٓ إِلَيْهِ أَدْعُوا۟ وَإِلَيْهِ مَـَٔابِ

Wallazeena aatainaa humul Kitaaba yafrahoona bimaa unzila ilaika wa minal Ahzaabi mai yunkiru ba'dah; qul innamaa umirtu an a'budal laaha wa laaa ushrika bih; ilaihi ad'oo wa ilaihi maab

And [the believers among] those to whom We have given the [previous] Scripture rejoice at what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], but among the [opposing] factions are those who deny part of it. Say, "I have only been commanded to worship Allah and not associate [anything] with Him. To Him I invite, and to Him is my return."

اور جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتاب دی ہے وہ اس (کتاب) سے جو تم پر نازل ہوئی ہے خوش ہوتے ہیں اور بعض فرقے اس کی بعض باتیں نہیں بھی مانتے۔ کہہ دو کہ مجھ کو یہی حکم ہوا ہے کہ خدا ہی کی عبادت کروں اور اس کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک نہ بناؤں۔ میں اسی کی طرف بلاتا ہوں اور اسی کی طرف مجھے لوٹنا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the verse: أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ (Is then He, who is watchful over everyone ... 33), the ignorance and irrationality of the disbelievers has been exposed by saying that these people are certainly short on sense when they equate inert idols with His pure Being, a Being that wat...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And those to whom We have given the Scripture such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and others from among the believing Jews rejoice in that which has been revealed to you because of its according with what they have with them of revelation; and among the factions that aligned themselves against you in enmity...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Truthful Ones from among the People of the Scriptures rejoice at what Allah has revealed to Muhammad ﷺ Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَـهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ (Those to whom We have given the Book,) and they adhere by it, يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ (rejoice at what has been revealed unto you,)...

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِيدًۢا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكُمْ وَمَنْ عِندَهُۥ عِلْمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ

Wa yaqoolul lazeena kafaroo lasta mursalaa; qul kafaa billaahi shaheedam bainee wa bainakum wa man 'indahoo 'ilmul Kitaab

And those who have disbelieved say, "You are not a messenger." Say, [O Muhammad], "Sufficient is Allah as Witness between me and you, and [the witness of] whoever has knowledge of the Scripture."

اور کافر لوگ کہتے ہیں کہ تم (خدا کے) رسول نہیں ہو۔ کہہ دو کہ میرے اور تمہارے درمیان خدا اور وہ شخص جس کے پاس کتاب (آسمانی) کا علم ہے گواہ کافی ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In verse وَإِن مَّا نُرِ‌يَنَّكَ بَعْضَ الَّذِي نَعِدُهُمْ أَوْ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ (And if We show you some of what We promise them, or We take you back to Us), it is to comfort and assure the Holy Prophet ﷺ that he has been given the good news that the promises Allah has made to him that Islam will h...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And those who disbelieve say to you ‘You have not been sent by God!’ Say to them ‘God suffices as a witness between me and you to my truthfulness as a messenger and he who possesses knowledge of the Book’ from among the Christian and Jewish believers.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Allah and those who have Knowledge of the Scripture are Sufficient as Witness to the Message of the Prophet Allah says, the disbelievers reject you and say, لَسْتَ مُرْسَلاً (You are not a Messenger.) from Allah, قُلْ كَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ (Say: "Sufficient as a witness betwe...

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُّوحِىٓ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسْـَٔلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

Wa maaa arsalnaa min qablika illaa rijaalan nooheee ilaihim; fas'alooo ahlaz zikri in kuntum laa ta'lamoon

And We sent not before you except men to whom We revealed [Our message]. So ask the people of the message if you do not know.

اور ہم نے تم سے پہلے مردوں ہی کو پیغمبر بنا کر بھیجا تھا جن کی طرف ہم وحی بھیجا کرتے تھے اگر تم لوگ نہیں جانتے تو اہل کتاب سے پوچھ لو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary According to Ruh al-Ma’ ani, it was after the revelation of the first verse cited above that the Mushrikin of Makkah sent their emissaries to the Jews of Madinah to find out if it was true that all earlier prophets had always been from the genus of men. Though, included under the Qur'anic...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We did not send before you anything other than men to whom We revealed and sent not angels ‘So ask the followers of the Remembrance those knowledgeable in the Torah and the Gospels; if you do not know’ that then they know it and you are more likely to believe them than the believers are to belie...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Only Human Messengers have been Sent Ad-Dahhak said, reporting from Ibn `Abbas: "When Allah sent Muhammad as a Messenger, the Arabs, or some of them, denied him and said, `Allah is too great to send a human being as a Messenger.' Then Allah revealed: أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَى ...

قُلْ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِهِۦٓ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمَ مِن قَبْلِهِۦٓ إِذَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا

Qul aaaniminoo biheee aw laa tu'minoo; innal lazeena ootul 'ilma min qabliheee izaa yutlaa 'alaihim yakhirroona lil azqaani sujjadaa

Say, "Believe in it or do not believe. Indeed, those who were given knowledge before it - when it is recited to them, they fall upon their faces in prostration,

کہہ دو کہ تم اس پر ایمان لاؤ یا نہ لاؤ (یہ فی نفسہ حق ہے) جن لوگوں کو اس سے پہلے علم (کتاب) دیا ہے۔ جب وہ ان کو پڑھ کر سنایا جاتا ہے تو وہ تھوڑیوں کے بل سجدے میں گر پڑتے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The first verse (101): وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ mentions the bestowal of nine clear signs on Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) . The word: آیَہ ('ayah) carries the meaning of miracle or sign as well as that of the آیَت : ayat or verses of the Qur'an, that is, the divine injunctio...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say to the disbelievers of Mecca ‘Believe in it or do not believe as a threat to them; indeed those who were given knowledge before it before its revelation namely the believers from among the People of the Scripture when it is recited to them fall down in prostration on their faces
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Those Who were given Knowledge before truly admit the Qur'an Allah says to His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: قُلْ (Say) O Muhammad to these disbelievers concerning what you have brought to them of this Glorious Qur'an: ءَامِنُواْ بِهِ أَوْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُواْ ("Believe in it (the Qur'an) or do not believe (in it)...

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُّوحِىٓ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسْـَٔلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

Wa maaa arsalnaa qablaka illaa rijaalan nooheee ilaihim fas'aloo ahlaz zikri in kuntum laa ta'lamoon

And We sent not before you, [O Muhammad], except men to whom We revealed [the message], so ask the people of the message if you do not know.

اور ہم نے تم سے پہلے مرد ہی (پیغمبر بنا کر) بھیجے جن کی طرف ہم وحی بھیجتے تھے۔ اگر تم نہیں جانتے تو جو یاد رکھتے ہیں ان سے پوچھ لو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ‌ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (So, ask the people (having the knowledge) of the message, if you do not know. - 21:7) In this verse, scholars of Injil Evangele) and Torah are referred to as أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ‌ (people of the message), who had accepted the Holy Prophet's prop...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We sent none before you other than men to whom We revealed read nūhī or yūhā ‘to whom it is revealed’ and We sent not any angels. Ask the People of the Remembrance those with knowledge of the Torah and the Gospel if you do not know this; for they will know it. Since you are more likely to believ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Messengers are no more than Human Beings Here Allah refutes those who denied that human Messengers could be sent: وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ إِلاَّ رِجَالاً نُّوحِى إِلَيْهِمْ (And We sent not before you but men to whom We revealed.) meaning, all the Messengers who came before you were men, huma...

ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِهِۦ هُم بِهِۦ يُؤْمِنُونَ

Allazeena aatainaahu mul Kitaaba min qablihee hum bihee yu'minoon

Those to whom We gave the Scripture before it - they are believers in it.

جن لوگوں کو ہم نے اس سے پہلے کتاب دی تھی وہ اس پر ایمان لے آتے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِهِ هُم بِهِ يُؤْمِنُونَ (As for those to whom We gave the Book before this, they believe in it. (Qur'an) - 28:52). In this verse those people of the book are mentioned who had faith in the prophethood of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and revelation of the ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Those to whom We gave the Scripture before this that is before the Qur’ān they believe in it too. This was revealed regarding certain Jews who became Muslims such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and others and certain Christians who had come from Abyssinia and Syria who also became Muslims.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Believers among the People of the Book Allah tells us that the pious scholars among the People of the Book believe in the Qur'an, as He says: الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَـهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاَوَتِهِ أُوْلَـئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ (Those to whom We gave the Book recite it as it should be rec...

وَإِذَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦٓ إِنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبْلِهِۦ مُسْلِمِينَ

Wa izaa yutlaa 'alaihim qaaloo aamannaa biheee innahul haqqu mir rabbinaaa innaa kunnaa min qablihee muslimeen

And when it is recited to them, they say, "We have believed in it; indeed, it is the truth from our Lord. Indeed we were, [even] before it, Muslims [submitting to Allah]."

اور جب (قرآن) اُن کو پڑھ کر سنایا جاتا ہے تو کہتے ہیں کہ ہم اس پر ایمان لے آئے بیشک وہ ہمارے پروردگار کی طرف سے برحق ہے اور ہم تو اس سے پہلے کے حکمبردار ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Is the word Muslim restricted to the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ or it is common to all Ummahs? إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبْلِهِ مُسْلِمِينَ (And we are the ones who submitted (to it) even before it (was revealed) - 28:53). The word used by these people of the book for their submission is 'muslims' which may also...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when it is recited to them the Qur’ān they say ‘We believe in it. It is indeed the Truth from our Lord. Lo! even before it we had submitted’ we affirmed God’s Oneness.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Believers among the People of the Book Allah tells us that the pious scholars among the People of the Book believe in the Qur'an, as He says: الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَـهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلاَوَتِهِ أُوْلَـئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ (Those to whom We gave the Book recite it as it should be rec...

وَلَا تُجَٰدِلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ وَقُولُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُنَا وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ وَٰحِدٌ وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ

Wa laa tujaadilooo Ahlal Kitaabi illaa billatee hiya ahsanu illal lazeena zalamoo minhum wa qoolooo aamannaa billazeee unzila ilainaa wa unzila ilaikum wa illaahunna wa illahukum waahidunw-wa nahnu lahoo muslimoon

And do not argue with the People of the Scripture except in a way that is best, except for those who commit injustice among them, and say, "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you. And our God and your God is one; and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him."

اور اہلِ کتاب سے جھگڑا نہ کرو مگر ایسے طریق سے کہ نہایت اچھا ہو۔ ہاں جو اُن میں سے بےانصافی کریں (اُن کے ساتھ اسی طرح مجادلہ کرو) اور کہہ دو کہ جو (کتاب) ہم پر اُتری اور جو (کتابیں) تم پر اُتریں ہم سب پر ایمان رکھتے ہیں اور ہمارا اور تمہارا معبود ایک ہی ہے اور ہم اُسی کے فرمانبردار ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary وَلَا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا (And do not debate with the people of the Book unless it is in the best way, except those from them who commit injustice. - 29:46). It means that if one has to get involved in a discussion or deba...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And do not dispute with the People of the Scripture unless it be with that — in that manner of disputation bettering the most virtuous way such as calling them to God by reference to His signs and pointing out His arguments; except in the case of those of them who have done wrong by waging war and r...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Arguing with the People of the Book What is meant here is that anyone who wants to find out about religion from them should argue with them in a manner that is better, as this will be more effective. Allah says: ادْعُ إِلِى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ (Invite to the way...

وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ فَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَمِنْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِهِۦ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَّا ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ

Wa kazaalika anzalnaaa ilaikal Kitaab; fallazeena aatainaahumul kitaaba yu'minoona bihee wa min haaa'ulaaa'i many yu'minu bih; wa maa yajhadu bi'Aayaatinaa illal kaafiroon

And thus We have sent down to you the Qur'an. And those to whom We [previously] gave the Scripture believe in it. And among these [people of Makkah] are those who believe in it. And none reject Our verses except the disbelievers.

اور اسی طرح ہم نے تمہاری طرف کتاب اُتاری ہے۔ تو جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتابیں دی تھیں وہ اس پر ایمان لے آتے ہیں۔ اور بعض ان (مشرک) لوگوں میں سے بھی اس پر ایمان لے آتے ہیں۔ اور ہماری آیتوں سے وہی انکار کرتے ہیں جو کافر (ازلی) ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary وَلَا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا (And do not debate with the people of the Book unless it is in the best way, except those from them who commit injustice. - 29:46). It means that if one has to get involved in a discussion or deba...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Thus have We revealed to you the Book the Qur’ān in the same way that We have revealed to them the Torah and other scripture. And so those to whom We have given the Scripture the Torah such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and others believe in it in the Qur’ān and of these people of Mecca there are some who ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Evidence for the Fact that the Qur'an was revealed from Allah Ibn Jarir said: "Allah says, `just as We revealed the Books to the Messengers who came before you, O Muhammad, so We have also revealed this Book to you."' What he said is good and fits the context. Allah's saying: فَالَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَـه...

وَأَنزَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَٰهَرُوهُم مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مِن صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا

Wa anzalal lazeena zaaha roohum min Ahlil Kitaabi min sa yaaseehim wa qazafa fee quloobihimm mur ru'ba freeqan taqtuloona wa taasiroona fareeqaaa

And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts [so that] a party you killed, and you took captive a party.

اور اہل کتاب میں سے جنہوں نے اُن کی مدد کی تھی اُن کو اُن کے قلعوں سے اُتار دیا اور اُن کے دلوں میں دہشت ڈال دی۔ تو کتنوں کو تم قتل کر دیتے تھے اور کتنوں کو قید کرلیتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The second state mentioned here is that of the hypocrites for they had started saying that the promises of Allah and His Rasul ﷺ were a web of deception: إِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَ‌ضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا اللَّـهُ وَرَ‌سُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُ‌ورً‌ا (And (remember) when the h...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And He brought down those of the People of the Scripture namely the Banū Qurayza who had supported them from their strongholds sayāsī is the plural of sīsa and is that in which one fortifies himself against an enemy and He cast terror into their hearts so that some of them you slew and these were th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Campaign against Banu Qurayzah We have already noted that when the Confederates came and camped outside Al-Madinah, Banu Qurayzah broke the covenant that existed between them and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This happened by the agency of Huyay bin Akhtab An-Nadari, may Allah curse him, who entered...

أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Alam yaani laillzeena aamanooo an takhsha'a quloo buhum lizikril laahi wa maa nazala minal haqqi wa laa yakoonoo kallazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablu fataala 'alaihimul amadu faqasat quloobuhum wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon

Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.

کیا ابھی تک مومنوں کے لئے اس کا وقت نہیں آیا کہ خدا کی یاد کرنے کے وقت اور (قرآن) جو (خدائے) برحق (کی طرف) سے نازل ہوا ہے اس کے سننے کے وقت ان کے دل نرم ہوجائیں اور وہ ان لوگوں کی طرف نہ ہوجائیں جن کو (ان سے) پہلے کتابیں دی گئی تھیں۔ پھر ان پر زمان طویل گزر گیا تو ان کے دل سخت ہوگئے۔ اور ان میں سے اکثر نافرمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ‌ اللَّـهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ (Has the time not yet come for those who believe that their hearts should be humble for the remembrance of Allah and for the truth that has descended [ through revelation ]?...57:16) The phrase kh...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Is it not time for those who believe — this was revealed concerning the matter of the Companions of the Prophet who had been overindulging in jest that their hearts should be humbled to the remembrance of God and to what has been revealed read as nuzzila; or read nazala ‘what has come down’ of the t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): meaning, it is the worthy shelter for you rather than any other residence, because of your disbelief and doubt, and how evil is the Fire for Final Destination. Encouraging Khushu` and the Prohibition of imitating the People of the Scriptures Allah asks, `Has not the time come for the believers to fe...

لِّئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ أَلَّا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَىٰ شَىْءٍ مِّن فَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَنَّ ٱلْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ ٱللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ

Li'alla ya'lama Ahlul kitaabi allaa yaqdiroona 'alaa shai'im min fadlil laahi wa annal fadla bi Yadil laahi u'teehi many yashaaa'; wallaahu Zul fadilil 'azeem

[This is] so that the People of the Scripture may know that they are not able [to obtain] anything from the bounty of Allah and that [all] bounty is in the hand of Allah; He gives it to whom He wills. And Allah is the possessor of great bounty.

(یہ باتیں) اس لئے (بیان کی گئی ہیں) کہ اہل کتاب جان لیں کہ وہ خدا کے فضل پر کچھ بھی قدرت نہیں رکھتے۔ اور یہ کہ فضل خدا ہی کے ہاتھ ہے جس کو چاہتا ہے دیتا ہے اور خدا بڑے فضل کا مالک ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: لِّئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ (so that the People of the Book may know ....57:29) The negative particle la [ no ] is grammatically redundant [ but rhetorically it serves to emphasise the expression ]. This final verse states that the People of the Book need to know that faith in Prophet ` Isa...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So that the People of the Scripture the Torah — those who did not believe in Muhammad (s) — may know in other words I inform you of this so that they the People of the Scripture may know that a of a-llā is softened in place of the hardened form an-lā its subject being the pronoun of the matter that ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Believers of the People of the Scriptures will earn Double their Rewards Earlier we mentioned a Hadith that An-Nasa'i collected from Ibn `Abbas that this Ayah is about the People of the Scriptures who believe in Islam, and that they will earn double their reward if they do so. There is an Ayah i...

هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَخْرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلْحَشْرِ مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُوا۟ وَظَنُّوٓا۟ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا۟ وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَٱعْتَبِرُوا۟ يَٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَبْصَٰرِ

Huwal lazeee akharajal lazeena kafaroo min ahlil kitaabi min diyaarihim li awwalil Hashr; maa zanantum any yakhrujoo wa zannooo annahum maa ni'atuhum husoonuhum minal laahi faataahumul laahu min haisu lam yahtasiboo wa qazafa fee quloobihimur ru'ba yukhriboona bu yootahum bi aydeehim wa aydil mu'mineena fa'tabiroo yaaa ulil absaar

It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.

وہی تو ہے جس نے کفار اہل کتاب کو حشر اول کے وقت ان کے گھروں سے نکال دیا۔ تمہارے خیال میں بھی نہ تھا کہ وہ نکل جائیں گے اور وہ لوگ یہ سمجھے ہوئے تھے کہ ان کے قلعے ان کو خدا (کے عذاب) سے بچا لیں گے۔ مگر خدا نے ان کو وہاں سے آ لیا جہاں سے ان کو گمان بھی نہ تھا۔ اور ان کے دلوں میں دہشت ڈال دی کہ اپنے گھروں کو خود اپنے ہاتھوں اور مومنوں کے ہاتھوں سے اُجاڑنے لگے تو اے (بصیرت کی) آنکھیں رکھنے والو عبرت پکڑو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: (1) The original word used in the text is 'hashr' which means 'gathering' or 'mustering' and after which this Surah is named. In the present context, it may be interpreted in two different ways. One, that it refers to the gathering of the Muslims who ordered the Jews to leave Madinah due to their co...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: It is He Who expelled those who disbelieved of the People of the Scripture namely the Jews of the Banū al-Nadīr from their homelands from their dwellings at Medina at the first exile that is their exile to Syria the last exile being their banishment to Khaybar by ‘Umar during his caliphate. You did ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of n...

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا۟ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَٰذِبُونَ

Alam tara ilal lazeena naafaqoo yaqooloona li ikhwaanihimul lazeena kafaroo min ahlil kitaabi la'in ukhrijtum lanakhrujanna ma'akum wa laa nutee'u feekum ahadan abadanw-wa in qootiltum lanansuran nakum wallaahu yashhadu innahum lakaaziboon

Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, "If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone - ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you." But Allah testifies that they are liars.

کیا تم نے ان منافقوں کو نہیں دیکھا جو اپنے کافر بھائیوں سے جو اہل کتاب ہیں کہا کرتے ہیں کہ اگر تم جلا وطن کئے گئے تو ہم بھی تمہارے ساتھ نکل چلیں گے اور تمہارے بارے میں کبھی کسی کا کہا نہ مانیں گے۔ اور اگر تم سے جنگ ہوئی تو تمہاری مدد کریں گے۔ مگر خدا ظاہر کئے دیتا ہے کہ یہ جھوٹے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: All Muslims after the Muhajirin and the Ansar are entitled to fai' وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ "And [ fai' is also ] for those who came after them ....59:10) This verse lays down that all Muslims until the Last Hour, after the noble Companions from amongst the Muhajirin and Ansar, are entitle...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Have you not considered have you not seen the hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture namely the Banū al-Nadīr their brethren in disbelief ‘If la-in the lām is for oaths in all four instances you are expelled from Medina we will assuredly go forth w...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The False Promise of Support the Hypocrites gave to the Jews Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help. Allah the Exalted said, أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَـفَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَ...

مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا۟ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ ٱلْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًۢا بِئْسَ مَثَلُ ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

Masalul lazeena hum milut tawraata summa lam yahmiloonhaa kamasalil himaari yah milu asfaaraa; bi'sa masalul qawmil lazeena kaazzaboo bi aayaatil laah; wallaahu laa yahdil qawmazzaalimeen

The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey who carries volumes [of books]. Wretched is the example of the people who deny the signs of Allah. And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.

جن لوگوں (کے سر) پر تورات لدوائی گئی پھر انہوں نے اس (کے بار تعمیل) کو نہ اٹھایا ان کی مثال گدھے کی سی ہے جن پر بڑی بڑی کتابیں لدی ہوں۔ جو لوگ خدا کی آیتوں کی تکذیب کرتے ہیں ان کی مثال بری ہے۔ اور خدا ظالم لوگوں کو ہدایت نہیں دیتا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَ‌اةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ‌ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارً‌ا (The example of those who were ordered to bear (the responsibility of acting upon) the Torah, then they did not bear it, is like a donkey that carries a load of books...5) The word asfar is the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Torah those who were charged with implementing it then failed to uphold it then failed to act in accordance with it in what pertains to the descriptions of the Prophet s and so did not believe in him is as the likeness of an ass carrying books in tha...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Admonishing the Jews and challenging Them to wish for Death Allah the Exalted admonishes the Jews who were entrusted with the Tawrah and were ordered to abide by it. However, they did not abide by it, and this is why Allah resembled them to the donkey that carries volumes of books. Surely, when the ...

وَمَا جَعَلْنَآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَٰٓئِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَيَزْدَادَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ مَاذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَمَا هِىَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ

Wa maaja''alnaaa As haaban naari illaa malaaa 'ikatanw wa maa ja'alnaa 'iddatahum illaa fitnatal lillazeena kafaroo liyastayqinal lazeena ootul kitaaba wa yazdaadal lazeena aamanooo eemaananw wa laa yartaabal lazeena ootul kitaaba walmu'minoona wa liyaqoolal lazeena fee quloo bihim maradunw walkaafiroona maazaaa araadal laahu bihaazaa masalaa; kazaalika yudillul laahu many yashaaa'u wa yahdee many yashaaa'; wa maa ya'lamu junooda rabbika illaa hoo; wa maa hiya illaa zikraa lil bashar

And We have not made the keepers of the Fire except angels. And We have not made their number except as a trial for those who disbelieve - that those who were given the Scripture will be convinced and those who have believed will increase in faith and those who were given the Scripture and the believers will not doubt and that those in whose hearts is hypocrisy and the disbelievers will say, "What does Allah intend by this as an example?" Thus does Allah leave astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the soldiers of your Lord except Him. And mention of the Fire is not but a reminder to humanity.

اور ہم نے دوزخ کے داروغہ فرشتے بنائے ہیں۔ اور ان کا شمار کافروں کی آزمائش کے لئے مقرر کیا ہے (اور) اس لئے کہ اہل کتاب یقین کریں اور مومنوں کا ایمان اور زیادہ ہو اور اہل کتاب اور مومن شک نہ لائیں۔ اور اس لئے کہ جن لوگوں کے دلوں میں (نفاق کا) مرض ہے اور (جو) کافر (ہیں) کہیں کہ اس مثال (کے بیان کرنے) سے خدا کا مقصد کیا ہے؟ اسی طرح خدا جس کو چاہتا ہے گمراہ کرتا ہے اور جس کو چاہتا ہے ہدایت کرتا ہے اور تمہارے پروردگار کے لشکروں کو اس کے سوا کوئی نہیں جانتا۔ اور یہ تو بنی آدم کے لئے نصیحت ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُوْدَ رَبِّكَ اِلَّا هُو (...And no one knows the hosts of your Lord but He 74:31) Muqatil, among the leading authorities, says that this is rebuttal to Abu Jahl's statement. When he heard this verse which says that there are nineteen angels in charge of Hell, he addressed the yout...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We have appointed only angels as wardens of the Fire in other words and so they cannot be withstood as these disbelievers are wont to imagine; and We have made their number so only as a stumbling-block a cause for error for those who disbelieve when they then say ‘Why are there nineteen of them?...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Number of Guardians of Hell and what the Disbelievers said about that Allah says, وَمَا جَعَلْنَآ أَصْحَـبَ النَّارِ (And We have set none as (Ashab) guardians of the Fire) meaning, its guardians. إِلاَّ مَلَـئِكَةً (but angels.) Guardian angels, stern and severe. This is a refutation of the ido...

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ لَمْ يَكُنِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِيَهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ

Lam ya kunil lazeena kafaru min ahlil kitaabi wal mushri keena mun fak keena hattaa ta-tiya humul bayyinah

Those who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists were not to be parted [from misbelief] until there came to them clear evidence -

جو لوگ کافر ہیں (یعنی) اہل کتاب اور مشرک وہ (کفر سے) باز رہنے والے نہ تھے جب تک ان کے پاس کھلی دلیل (نہ) آتی

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Situation of the People of the Book and of the Pagan Arabs before the advent of the Final Messenger of Allah ﷺ Verse [ 1] draws attention to the situation of the world before the advent of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ : The entire world was sunk deeply in the darkness of ignorance, superstition, corrupt...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The disbelievers from among min explicative the People of the Scripture and the idolaters that is the idol-worshippers wa’l-mushrikīna is a supplement to ahl ‘the People of’ were not going to leave off munfakkīna is the predicate of yakun ‘were’ that is to say they were not going to abandon their wa...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Madina The Messenger of Allah recited this Surah to Ubayy Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah said to Ubayy bin Ka`b, «إِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ» لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ (Verily, Allah has command...

وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَةُ

Wa maa tafarraqal lazeena ootul kitaaba il-la mim b'adi ma jaa-at humul baiyyinah

Nor did those who were given the Scripture become divided until after there had come to them clear evidence.

اور اہل کتاب جو متفرق (و مختلف) ہوئے ہیں تو دلیل واضح آنے کے بعد (ہوئے ہیں)

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Verse [ 4] وَمَا تَفَرَّ‌قَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ (And those who were given the Book did not disagree but after the Clear Proof came to them.) The verb tafarraqa here means 'to deny, reject or differ and disagree'. The verse means to say that the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And those who were given the Scripture did not become divided regarding belief in him the Prophet s except after the clear proof had come to them namely the Prophet s — or the Qur’ān which he brought as his miracle. Before his s arrival they had all agreed to believe in him when he would come; then ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Madina The Messenger of Allah recited this Surah to Ubayy Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah said to Ubayy bin Ka`b, «إِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ» لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ (Verily, Allah has command...

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ فِى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمْ شَرُّ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ

Innal lazeena kafaru min ahlil kitaabi wal mushri keena fee nari jahan nama khaali deena feeha; ulaa-ika hum shar rul ba reeyah

Indeed, they who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists will be in the fire of Hell, abiding eternally therein. Those are the worst of creatures.

جو لوگ کافر ہیں (یعنی) اہل کتاب اور مشرک وہ دوزخ کی آگ میں پڑیں گے (اور) ہمیشہ اس میں رہیں گے۔ یہ لوگ سب مخلوق سے بدتر ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Verse [ 8] ` رَّ‌ضِيَ اللَّـهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَ‌ضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ رَ‌بَّهُ (Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him; that is for him who fears his Lord.) This verse points to the highest stage of spiritual development of the inmates of Paradise, that is, the Divine p...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Truly the disbelievers from among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters shall be in the fire of Hell to abide therein khālidīna an implied circumstantial qualifier in other words it will be decreed for them by God exalted be He to abide therein — those are the worst of creatures.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Mentioning the Worse and Best of Creation and Their Recompense Allah informs of what will happen to the wicked disbelievers among the People of the Scripture and the idolators who oppose the Allah's divinely revealed Books and the Prophets whom He sent. He says that they will be in the fire of Hell ...
Hadith — 22 traditions
Sahih al-Bukhari 24:96sahih

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَكَرِيَّاءُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ ‏ "‏ إِنَّكَ سَتَأْتِي قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ، فَإِذَا جِئْتَهُمْ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ حِجَابٌ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Ma`bad:(the slave of Ibn `Abbas) Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to Mu`adh when he sent him to Yemen, "You will go to the people of the Scripture. So, when you reach there, invite them to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that Muhammad is His Apostle. And if they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayers in each day and night. And if they obey you in that tell them that Allah has made it obligatory on them to pay the Zakat which will be taken from the rich among them and given to the poor among them. If they obey you in that, then avoid taking the best of their possessions, and be afraid of the curse of an oppressed person because there is no screen between his invocation and Allah

ہم سے محمد بن مقاتل نے بیان کیا ‘ انہوں نے کہا کہ ہمیں عبداللہ نے خبر دی ‘ انہوں نے کہا کہ ہمیں زکریا ابن اسحاق نے خبر دی ‘ انہیں یحییٰ بن عبداللہ بن صیفی نے ‘ انہیں ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما کے غلام ابومعبد نے اور ان سے عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے بیان کیا کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے معاذ رضی اللہ عنہ کو جب یمن بھیجا ‘ تو ان سے فرمایا کہ تم ایک ایسی قوم کے پاس جا رہے ہو جو اہل کتاب ہیں۔ اس لیے جب تم وہاں پہنچو تو پہلے انہیں دعوت دو کہ وہ اس بات کی گواہی دیں کہ اللہ کے سوا کوئی معبود نہیں اور محمد ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) اللہ کے سچے رسول ہیں۔ وہ اس بات میں جب تمہاری بات مان لیں تو انہیں بتاؤ کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان پر روزانہ دن رات میں پانچ وقت کی نمازیں فرض کی ہیں۔ جب وہ تمہاری یہ بات بھی مان لیں تو انہیں بتاؤ کہ ان کے لیے اللہ تعالیٰ نے زکوٰۃ دینا ضروری قرار دیا ہے ‘ یہ ان کے مالداروں سے لی جائے گی اور ان کے غریبوں پر خرچ کی جائے گی۔ پھر جب وہ اس میں بھی تمہاری بات مان لیں تو ان کے اچھے مال لینے سے بچو اور مظلوم کی آہ سے ڈرو کہ اس کے اور اللہ تعالیٰ کے درمیان کوئی رکاوٹ نہیں ہوتی۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 52:46sahih

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، كَيْفَ تَسْأَلُونَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ، وَكِتَابُكُمُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَحْدَثُ الأَخْبَارِ بِاللَّهِ، تَقْرَءُونَهُ لَمْ يُشَبْ، وَقَدْ حَدَّثَكُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ بَدَّلُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ وَغَيَّرُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمُ الْكِتَابَ، فَقَالُوا هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ، لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً أَفَلاَ يَنْهَاكُمْ مَا جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ مُسَاءَلَتِهِمْ، وَلاَ وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلاً قَطُّ يَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ‏.‏

Narrated Ubaidullah bin `Abdullah bin `Utba:Ibn `Abbas said, "O Muslims? How do you ask the people of the Scriptures, though your Book (i.e. the Qur'an) which was revealed to His Prophet is the most recent information from Allah and you recite it, the Book that has not been distorted? Allah has revealed to you that the people of the scriptures have changed with their own hands what was revealed to them and they have said (as regards their changed Scriptures): This is from Allah, in order to get some worldly benefit thereby." Ibn `Abbas added: "Isn't the knowledge revealed to you sufficient to prevent you from asking them? By Allah I have never seen any one of them asking (Muslims) about what has been revealed to you

ہم سے یحییٰ بن بکیر نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے لیث نے بیان کیا، یونس سے، ان سے ابن شہاب نے، ان سے عبیداللہ بن عبداللہ بن عتبہ نے کہ ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے کہا، اے مسلمانو! اہل کتاب سے کیوں سوالات کرتے ہو۔ حالانکہ تمہاری کتاب جو تمہارے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر نازل ہوئی ہے، اللہ تعالیٰ کی طرف سے سب سے بعد میں نازل ہوئی ہے۔ تم اسے پڑھتے ہو اور اس میں کسی قسم کی آمیزش بھی نہیں ہوئی ہے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ تو تمہیں پہلے ہی بتا چکا ہے کہ اہل کتاب نے اس کتاب کو بدل دیا، جو اللہ تعالیٰ نے انہیں دی تھی اور خود ہی اس میں تغیر کر دیا اور پھر کہنے لگے یہ کتاب اللہ کی طرف سے ہے۔ ان کا مقصد اس سے صرف یہ تھا کہ اس طرح تھوڑی پونجی ( دنیا کی ) حاصل کر سکیں پس کیا جو علم ( قرآن ) تمہارے پاس آیا ہے وہ تم کو ان ( اہل کتاب سے پوچھنے کو نہیں روکتا۔ اللہ کی قسم! ہم نے ان کے کسی آدمی کو کبھی نہیں دیکھا کہ وہ ان آیات کے متعلق تم سے پوچھتا ہو جو تم پر ( تمہارے نبی کے ذریعہ ) نازل کی گئی ہیں۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 63:168sahih

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَسْدِلُ شَعْرَهُ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَفْرُقُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَسْدِلُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُحِبُّ مُوَافَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِيمَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ فِيهِ بِشَىْءٍ، ثُمَّ فَرَقَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَأْسَهُ‏.‏

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas:The Prophet (ﷺ) used to keep his hair falling loose while the pagans used to part their hair, and the People of the Scriptures used to keep their hair falling loose, and the Prophet (ﷺ) liked to follow the People of the Scriptures in matters about which he had not been instructed differently, but later on the Prophet (ﷺ) started parting his hair

ہم سے عبدان نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے عبداللہ بن مبارک نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا کہ ہم سے یونس نے، ان سے زہری نے بیان کیا، کہا مجھ کو عبیداللہ بن عبداللہ بن عتبہ نے خبر دی، ان سے عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے کہا کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سر کے بال کو پیشانی پر لٹکا دیتے تھے اور مشرکین مانگ نکالتے تھے اور اہل کتاب بھی اپنے سروں کے بال پیشانی پر لٹکائے رہنے دیتے تھے۔ جن امور میں نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو ( وحی کے ذریعہ ) کوئی حکم نہیں ہوتا تھا آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ان میں اہل کتاب کی موافقت پسند کرتے تھے۔ پھر بعد میں نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بھی مانگ نکالنے لگے تھے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 63:169sahih

حَدَّثَنِي زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، جَزَّءُوهُ أَجْزَاءً، فَآمَنُوا بِبَعْضِهِ وَكَفَرُوا بِبَعْضِهِ‏.‏ ‏{‏يَعْنِي قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ‏{‏الَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا الْقُرْآنَ عِضِينَ ‏}‏

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:They, the people of the Scriptures, divided this Scripture into parts, believing in some portions of it and disbelieving the others. (See 15:)

مجھ سے زیاد بن ایوب نے بیان کیا کہا، ہم سے ہشیم نے بیان کیا کہا، ہم کو ابوبشر (جابر بن ابی وحشیہ) نے خبر دی، انہیں سعید بن جبیر نے اور ان سے ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے کہا کہ وہ اہل کتاب ہی تو ہیں جنہوں نے آسمانی کتاب کو ٹکڑے ٹکڑے کر ڈالا، بعض باتوں پر ایمان لائے اور بعض باتوں کا انکار کیا۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 65:12sahih

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ، وَيُفَسِّرُونَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ لأَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ لاَ تُصَدِّقُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَلاَ تُكَذِّبُوهُمْ، وَقُولُوا ‏{‏آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ‏}‏ الآيَةَ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:The people of the Scripture (Jews) used to recite the Torah in Hebrew and they used to explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. On that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Do not believe the people of the Scripture or disbelieve them, but say:-- "We believe in Allah and what is revealed to us

ہم سے محمد بن بشار نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے عثمان بن عمر نے بیان کیا، انہیں علی بن مبارک نے خبر دی، انہیں یحییٰ بن ابی کثیر نے، انہیں ابوسلمہ نے کہ ان سے ابوہریرہ رضی اللہ عنہ نے بیان کیا کہ اہل کتاب ( یہودی ) توراۃ کو خود عبرانی زبان میں پڑھتے ہیں لیکن مسلمانوں کے لیے اس کی تفسیر عربی میں کرتے ہیں۔ اس پر نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا ”تم اہل کتاب کی نہ تصدیق کرو اور نہ تم تکذیب کرو بلکہ یہ کہا کرو «آمنا بالله وما أنزل إلينا» یعنی ہم ایمان لائے اللہ پر اور اس چیز پر جو ہماری طرف نازل کی گئی ہے۔“

Sahih al-Bukhari 65:182sahih

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ مَرَرْتُ عَلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ بِالرَّبَذَةِ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَنْزَلَكَ بِهَذِهِ الأَرْضِ قَالَ كُنَّا بِالشَّأْمِ فَقَرَأْتُ ‏{‏وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلاَ يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ‏}‏ قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مَا هَذِهِ فِينَا، مَا هَذِهِ إِلاَّ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ‏.‏ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهَا لَفِينَا وَفِيهِمْ‏.‏

Narrated Zaid bin Wahb:I passed by (visited ) Abu Dhar at Ar-Rabadha and said to him, "What has brought you to this land?" He said, "We were at Sham and I recited the Verse: "They who hoard up gold and silver and spend them not in the way of Allah; announce to them a painful torment, " (9.34) where upon Muawiya said, 'This Verse is not for us, but for the people of the Scripture.' Then I said, 'But it is both for us (Muslims) and for them

ہم سے قتیبہ بن سعد نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے جریر نے بیان کیا، ان سے حصین نے، ان سے زید بن وہب نے بیان کیا کہ میں مقام ربذہ میں ابوذر غفاری رضی اللہ عنہ کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوا اور عرض کیا کہ اس جنگل میں آپ نے کیوں قیام کو پسند کیا؟ فرمایا کہ ہم شام میں تھے۔ ( مجھ میں اور وہاں کے حاکم معاویہ رضی اللہ عنہ میں اختلاف ہو گیا ) میں نے یہ آیت پڑھی «والذين يكنزون الذهب والفضة ولا ينفقونها في سبيل الله فبشرهم بعذاب أليم‏» کہ ”اور جو لوگ سونا اور چاندی جمع کر کے رکھتے ہیں اور اس کو خرچ نہیں کرتے اللہ کی راہ میں، آپ انہیں ایک درد ناک عذاب کی خبر سنا دیں۔“ تو معاویہ رضی اللہ عنہ کہنے لگے کہ یہ آیت ہم مسلمانوں کے بارے میں نہیں ہے ( جب وہ زکوٰۃ دیتے رہیں ) بلکہ اہل کتاب کے بارے میں ہے۔ فرمایا کہ میں نے اس پر کہا کہ یہ ہمارے بارے میں بھی ہے اور اہل کتاب کے بارے میں بھی ہے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 65:227sahih

حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رضى الله عنهما ‏{‏الَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا الْقُرْآنَ عِضِينَ‏}‏ قَالَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، جَزَّءُوهُ أَجْزَاءً، فَآمَنُوا بِبَعْضِهِ وَكَفَرُوا بِبَعْضِهِ‏.‏

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:Those who have made their Scripture into parts are the people of the Scripture who divided it into portions and believed in a part of it and disbelieved the other

مجھ سے یعقوب بن ابراہیم نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے ہشیم نے بیان کیا، انہیں ابوبشر نے خبر دی، انہیں سعید بن جبیر نے اور ان سے عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے بیان کیا آیت «الذين جعلوا القرآن عضين‏» ”جنہوں نے قرآن کے ٹکڑے کر رکھے ہیں“ کے متعلق کہا کہ اس سے مراد اہل کتاب ہیں کہ انہوں نے قرآن کے ٹکڑے ٹکڑے کر دیئے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 65:481sahih

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأُبَىٍّ‏.‏ ‏"‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ ‏{‏لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا‏}‏ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ وَسَمَّانِي قَالَ ‏"‏ نَعَمْ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَبَكَى‏.‏

Narrated Anas bin Malik:The Prophet (ﷺ) said to Ubai (bin Ka`b). "Allah has ordered me to recite to you:--'Those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture and among the idolators are not going to stop (from their disbelief.') (Sura 98) Ubai said, "Did Allah mention me by name?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes." On that, Ubai wept

ہم سے محمد بن بشار نے بیان کیا، کہا کہ ہم سے غندر نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے شعبہ نے بیان کیا، میں نے قتادہ سے سنا اور انہوں نے انس بن مالک رضی اللہ عنہ سے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ابی بن کعب سے فرمایا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے مجھے حکم دیا ہے کہ تمہیں سورۃ «لم يكن الذين كفروا‏» پڑھ کر سناؤں۔ ابی بن کعب رضی اللہ عنہ نے عرض کیا، کیا اللہ تعالیٰ نے میرا نام بھی لیا ہے؟ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ ہاں، اس پر وہ رونے لگے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 65:482sahih

حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لأُبَىٍّ ‏"‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ أُبَىٌّ آللَّهُ سَمَّانِي لَكَ قَالَ ‏"‏ اللَّهُ سَمَّاكَ لِي ‏"‏‏.‏ فَجَعَلَ أُبَىٌّ يَبْكِي‏.‏ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ فَأُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ ‏{‏لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ‏}‏

Narrated Anas bin Malik:The Prophet (ﷺ) said to Ubai, "Allah has ordered me recite Qur'an to you." Ubai asked, "Did Allah mention me by name to you?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Allah has mentioned your name to me." On that Ubai started weeping. (The sub-narrator) Qatada added: I have been informed that the Prophet (ﷺ) recited: 'Those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture," ...to Ubai

ہم سے حسان بن حسان نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے ہمام نے بیان کیا، ان سے قتادہ نے اور ان سے انس رضی اللہ عنہ نے بیان کیا کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ابی بن کعب رضی اللہ عنہ سے فرمایا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے مجھے حکم دیا ہے کہ تمہیں قرآن ( سورۃ لم یکن ) پڑھ کر سناؤں۔ ابی بن کعب نے عرض کیا: کیا آپ سے اللہ تعالیٰ میرا نام بھی لیا ہے؟ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ ہاں، اللہ تعالیٰ نے تمہارا نام بھی مجھ سے لیا ہے۔ ابی بن کعب رضی اللہ عنہ یہ سن کر رونے لگے۔ قتادہ نے بیان کیا کہ مجھے خبر دی گئی ہے کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے انہیں سورۃ «لم يكن الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب‏» پڑھ کر سنائی تھی۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 72:4sahih

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ، قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بِأَرْضِ قَوْمٍ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، أَفَنَأْكُلُ فِي آنِيَتِهِمْ وَبِأَرْضِ صَيْدٍ، أَصِيدُ بِقَوْسِي وَبِكَلْبِي الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُعَلَّمٍ، وَبِكَلْبِي الْمُعَلَّمِ، فَمَا يَصْلُحُ لِي قَالَ ‏ "‏ أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمْ غَيْرَهَا فَلاَ تَأْكُلُوا فِيهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَاغْسِلُوهَا وَكُلُوا فِيهَا، وَمَا صِدْتَ بِقَوْسِكَ فَذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَكُلْ، وَمَا صِدْتَ بِكَلْبِكَ الْمُعَلَّمِ فَذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ فَكُلْ، وَمَا صِدْتَ بِكَلْبِكَ غَيْرَ مُعَلَّمٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ ذَكَاتَهُ فَكُلْ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Tha`laba Al-Khushani:I said, "O Allah's Prophet! We are living in a land ruled by the people of the Scripture; Can we take our meals in their utensils? In that land there is plenty of game and I hunt the game with my bow and with my hound that is not trained and with my trained hound. Then what is lawful for me to eat?" He said, "As for what you have mentioned about the people of the Scripture, if you can get utensils other than theirs, do not eat out of theirs, but if you cannot get other than theirs, wash their utensils and eat out of it. If you hunt an animal with your bow after mentioning Allah's Name, eat of it. and if you hunt something with your trained hound after mentioning Allah's Name, eat of it, and if you hunt something with your untrained hound (and get it before it dies) and slaughter it, eat of it

ہم سے عبداللہ بن یزید مقبری نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے حیوہ بن شریح نے بیان کیا، کہا کہ مجھے ربیعہ بن یزید دمشقی نے خبر دی، انہیں ابوادریس عائذ اللہ خولانی نے، انہیں ابوثعلبہ خشنی رضی اللہ عنہ نے بیان کیا کہ میں نے عرض کیا: اے اللہ کے نبی! ہم اہل کتاب کے گاؤں میں رہتے ہیں تو کیا ہم ان کے برتن میں کھا سکتے ہیں؟ اور ہم ایسی زمین میں رہتے ہیں جہاں شکار بہت ہوتا ہے۔ میں تیر کمان سے بھی شکار کرتا ہوں اور اپنے اس کتے سے بھی جو سکھایا ہوا نہیں ہے اور اس کتے سے بھی جو سکھایا ہوا ہے تو اس میں سے کس کا کھانا میرے لیے جائز ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ تم نے جو اہل کتاب کے برتن کا ذکر کیا ہے تو اگر تمہیں اس کے سوا کوئی اور برتن مل سکے تو اس میں نہ کھاؤ لیکن تمہیں کوئی دوسرا برتن نہ ملے تو ان کے برتن کو خوب دھو کر اس میں کھا سکتے ہو اور جو شکار تم اپنی تیر کمان سے کرو اور ( تیر پھینکتے وقت ) اللہ کا نام لیا ہو تو ( اس کا شکار ) کھا سکتے ہو اور جو شکار تم نے غیر سدھائے ہوئے کتے سے کیا ہو اور شکار خود ذبح کیا ہو تو اسے کھا سکتے ہو۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 79:32sahih

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ فَقُولُوا وَعَلَيْكُمْ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Anas bin Malik:the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "If the people of the Scripture greet you, then you should say (in reply), 'Wa'alaikum (And on you)

ہم سے عثمان بن ابی شیبہ نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے ہشیم نے بیان کیا، انہیں عبداللہ بن ابی بکر بن انس نے خبر دی، ان سے انس بن مالک رضی اللہ عنہ نے بیان کیا کہ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا ”جب اہل کتاب تمہیں سلام کریں تو تم اس کے جواب میں صرف «وعليكم» کہو۔“

Sahih al-Bukhari 96:88sahih

وَقَالَ أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ رَهْطًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَذَكَرَ كَعْبَ الأَحْبَارِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْدَقِ هَؤُلاَءِ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ الَّذِينَ يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَإِنْ كُنَّا مَعَ ذَلِكَ لَنَبْلُو عَلَيْهِ الْكَذِبَ‏.‏

Narrated Humaid bin 'Abdur-Rahman that he heard Mu'awiya talking to a group of people from Quraish at Al-Madina, and on mentioning Ka'b Al-Ashbar, he said, "He was one of the most truthful of those who used to talk about the people of the Scripture, yet we used to detect certain faults in his information

ابوالیمان امام بخاری رحمہ اللہ کے شیخ نے بیان کیا کہ ہم کو شعیب نے خبر دی، انہیں زہری نے، انہیں حمید بن عبدالرحمٰن نے خبر دی، انہوں نے معاویہ رضی اللہ عنہ سے سنا وہ مدینے میں قریش کی ایک جماعت سے حدیث بیان کر رہے تھے۔ معاویہ رضی اللہ عنہ نے کعب احبار کا ذکر کیا اور فرمایا جتنے لوگ اہل کتاب سے احادیث نقل کرتے ہیں ان سب میں کعب احبار بہت سچے تھے اور باوجود اس کے کبھی کبھی ان کی بات جھوٹ نکلتی تھی، یہ مطلب نہیں ہے کہ کعب احبار جھوٹ بولتے تھے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 96:89sahih

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ وَيُفَسِّرُونَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ لأَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ لاَ تُصَدِّقُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ، وَلاَ تُكَذِّبُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا ‏{‏آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ‏}‏ ‏"‏‏.‏ الآيَةَ‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:The people of the Book used to read the Torah in Hebrew and then explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said (to the Muslims). "Do not believe the people of the Book, nor disbelieve them, but say, 'We believe in Allah and whatever is revealed to us, and whatever is revealed to you

مجھ سے محمد بن بشار نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے عثمان بن عمر نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم کو علی بن المبارک نے خبر دی، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے یحییٰ بن ابی کثیر نے، انہیں ابوسلمہ نے اور ان سے ابوہریرہ رضی اللہ عنہ نے بیان کیا کہ اہل کتاب توریت عبرانی زبان میں پڑھتے تھے اور اس کی تفسیر مسلمانوں کے لیے عربی میں کرتے تھے تو رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ اہل کتاب کی نہ تصدیق کرو اور نہ ان کی تکذیب کرو کیونکہ ہم ایمان لائے اللہ پر اور اس پر جو ہم پر نازل ہوا اور جو ہم سے پہلے تم پر نازل ہوا آخر آیت تک جو سورۃ البقرہ میں ہے۔

Sahih al-Bukhari 96:90sahih

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ كَيْفَ تَسْأَلُونَ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ عَنْ شَىْءٍ، وَكِتَابُكُمُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَحْدَثُ، تَقْرَءُونَهُ مَحْضًا لَمْ يُشَبْ وَقَدْ حَدَّثَكُمْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ بَدَّلُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَغَيَّرُوهُ وَكَتَبُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمُ الْكِتَابَ وَقَالُوا هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ‏.‏ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً، أَلاَ يَنْهَاكُمْ مَا جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ مَسْأَلَتِهِمْ، لاَ وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلاً يَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ‏.‏

Narrated Ubaidullah:Ibn `Abbas said, "Why do you ask the people of the scripture about anything while your Book (Qur'an) which has been revealed to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) is newer and the latest? You read it pure, undistorted and unchanged, and Allah has told you that the people of the scripture (Jews and Christians) changed their scripture and distorted it, and wrote the scripture with their own hands and said, 'It is from Allah,' to sell it for a little gain. Does not the knowledge which has come to you prevent you from asking them about anything? No, by Allah, we have never seen any man from them asking you regarding what has been revealed to you

ہم سے موسیٰ بن اسماعیل نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم سے ابراہیم بن سعد نے بیان کیا، انہوں نے کہا ہم کو ابن شہاب نے خبر دی، انہیں عبیداللہ بن عبداللہ بن عتبہ نے اور ان سے عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما نے بیان کیا کہ تم اہل کتاب سے کسی چیز کے بارے میں کیوں پوچھتے ہو جب کہ تمہاری کتاب جو رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر نازل ہوئی وہ تازہ بھی ہے اور محفوظ بھی اور تمہیں اس نے بتا بھی دیا کہ اہل کتاب نے اپنا دین بدل ڈالا اور اللہ کی کتاب میں تبدیلی کر دی اور اسے اپنے ہاتھ سے از خود بنا کر لکھا اور کہا کہ یہ اللہ کی طرف سے ہے تاکہ اس کے ذریعہ دنیا کا تھوڑا سا مال کما لیں۔ تمہارے پاس ( قرآن و حدیث کا ) جو علم ہے وہ تمہیں ان سے پوچھنے سے منع کرتا ہے۔ واللہ! میں تو نہیں دیکھتا کہ اہل کتاب میں سے کوئی تم سے اس کے بارے میں پوچھتا ہو جو تم پر نازل کیا گیا ہو۔

Sahih Muslim 1:29sahih

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ جَمِيعًا عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، - عَنْ زَكَرِيَّاءَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رُبَّمَا قَالَ وَكِيعٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ مُعَاذًا، - قَالَ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّكَ تَأْتِي قَوْمًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ‏.‏ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ فِي فُقَرَائِهِمْ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ حِجَابٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

It is reported on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that Mu'adh said:The Messenger of Allah sent me (as a governor of Yemen) and (at the time of departure) instructed me thus: You will soon find yourself in a community one among the people of the Book, so first call them to testify that there is no god but Allah, that I (Muhammad) am the messenger of Allah, and if they accept this, then tell them Allah has enjoined upon them five prayers during the day and the night and if they accept it, then tell them that Allah has made Zakat obligatory for them that it should be collected from the rich and distributed among the poor, and if they agree to it don't pick up (as a share of Zakat) the best of their wealths. Beware of the supplication of the oppressed for there is no barrier between him and Allah

بن ابی شیبہ ، ابو کریب اور اسحاق بن ابراہیم سب نے وکیع سے حدیث سنائی ۔ ابو بکر نے کہا : وکیع نے ہمیں زکریا بن اسحاق حدیث سنائی ، انہوں نے کہا : مجھے یحییٰ بن عبداللہ بن صیفی نے ابو معبد سے حدیث سنائی ، انہوں نے سیدنا ابن عباس ‌رضی ‌اللہ ‌عنہ ‌ ‌ سے ابو بکر اور انہوں نے حضرت معاذ بن جبل ‌رضی ‌اللہ ‌عنہ ‌ ‌ سے روایت کی ( ابوبکرنے کہا : بعض اوقات وکیع کہا ) ابن عباس ‌رضی ‌اللہ ‌عنہ ‌ ‌ سے مروی ہے کہ حضرت معاذ ‌رضی ‌اللہ ‌عنہ ‌ ‌ نے کہا : مجھے رسول اللہ ﷺ نے بھیجا اور فرمایا : ’’تم اہل کتاب کی ایک قوم کے پاس جا رہے ہو ، انہیں اس کی گواہی دینے کی دعوت دو کہ اللہ کے سوا کوئی معبود نہیں اور میں اللہ کا رسول ہوں ۔ اگر وہ اس میں ( تمہاری ) اطاعت کریں تو انہیں بتانا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان پر ہر دن رات میں پانچ نمازیں فرض کی ہیں ۔ اگر وہ اسے مان لیں تو انہیں بتانا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان پر صدقہ ( زکاۃ ) فرض کیا ہے جو ان کے مالدار لوگوں سے لیا جائے گا اور ان کے مجتاجوں کوواپس کیا جائے گا ، پھر اگر وہ اس بات کو قبول کر لیں تو ان کے بہترین مالوں سے احتراز کرنا ( زکاۃ میں سب سے اچھا مال وصول نہ کرنا ۔ ) اور مظلوم کی بددعا س ےبچنا کیونکہ اس ( بددعا ) کے اور اللہ کے درمیان کو ئی حجاب نہیں ۔ ‘ ‘

Sahih Muslim 13:56sahih

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُلَىٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ فَصْلُ مَا بَيْنَ صِيَامِنَا وَصِيَامِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَكْلَةُ السَّحَرِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Amr b. al-'As reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:The difference between our fasting and that of the people of the Book is eating shortly before dawn

لیث ، موسیٰ بن علی ، ابی قیس ، مولی عمرو بن عاص ، حضرت عمر بن العاص رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ارشاد فرمایا ہمارےروزے اور اہل کتاب کے روزے کے درمیان سحری کھانے کافرق ہے ۔

Sahih Muslim 34:12sahih

حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ الدِّمَشْقِيَّ، يَقُولُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِدْرِيسَ، عَائِذُ اللَّهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بِأَرْضِ قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ نَأْكُلُ فِي آنِيَتِهِمْ وَأَرْضِ صَيْدٍ أَصِيدُ بِقَوْسِي وَأَصِيدُ بِكَلْبِيَ الْمُعَلَّمِ أَوْ بِكَلْبِيَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُعَلَّمٍ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا الَّذِي يَحِلُّ لَنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ ‏ "‏ أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ أَنَّكُمْ بِأَرْضِ قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ تَأْكُلُونَ فِي آنِيَتِهِمْ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمْ غَيْرَ آنِيَتِهِمْ فَلاَ تَأْكُلُوا فِيهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَاغْسِلُوهَا ثُمَّ كُلُوا فِيهَا وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ أَنَّكَ بِأَرْضِ صَيْدٍ فَمَا أَصَبْتَ بِقَوْسِكَ فَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ كُلْ وَمَا أَصَبْتَ بِكَلْبِكَ الْمُعَلَّمِ فَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ كُلْ وَمَا أَصَبْتَ بِكَلْبِكَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُعَلَّمٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ ذَكَاتَهُ فَكُلْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani reported:I came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Allah's Messenger, we are in the land of the People of the Book, (so) we eat in their utensils, and (live) in a hunting region. where I hunt with, the help of my bow, and hunt with my trained dog, or with my dog which is not trained. So inform me what is lawful (Halal) for us out of that. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Regarding what you have mentioned of the fact that you live in the land belonging to the People of the Book and so you eat in their utensils, but if you can get utensils other than theirs, then don't eat in them; but if you do not find any, then wash them and eat in them. And regarding what you have mentioned about (your living) in a hunting region, what you hunt, (strike) with the help of your bow, recite the name of Allah (while shooting an arrow) and then eat; and what you catch with the help of your trained dog, recite the name of Allah (while letting oil) the dog and then eat it, and what you get with the help of your untrained dog, (if you find it alive) and slaughter it (according to the law of the Shari'ah), eat it

ابن مبارک نے حیوہ بن شریح سے روایت کی ، انھوں نے کہا : میں نے ربیعہ بن یزید دمشقی کو کہتے ہوئے سنا : مجھے ابو ادریس عائذ اللہ نے خبر دی ، کہا : میں نے حضرت ابو ثعلبہ خشنی رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ کو کہتے ہوئے سنا کہ میں رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس آیا اور پوچھا کہ یا رسول اللہ! ہم اہل کتاب ( یعنی یہود یا نصاریٰ ) کے ملک میں رہتے ہیں ، ان کے برتنوں میں کھانا کھاتے ہیں اور ہمارا ملک شکار کا ملک ہے ، تو میں اپنی کمان سے ، سکھائے ہوئے کتے اور اس کتے سے شکار کرتا ہوں جو سکھایا نہیں گیا ، تو مجھ سے وہ طریقہ بیان کیجئے جو کہ حلال ہو ۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ تو نے جو کہا کہ اہل کتاب کے ملک میں ہیں اور ان کے برتنوں میں کھاتے ہیں تو اگر تم کو اور برتن مل سکیں ، تو ان کے برتنوں میں مت کھاؤ اور اگر اور برتن نہ ملیں تو ان کو دھو لو اور پھر ان میں کھاؤ ۔ اور جو تو نے ذکر کیا ہے کہ تم شکار کی زمین میں رہتے ہو پس جس کو تیر پہنچے اور تو اس پر اللہ کا نام لے کر چھوڑے ، تو اسے کھا لے اور اگر تو اپنے شکاری کتے سے شکار کرے اور اس پر اللہ کا نام لے کر چھوڑا ہو تو کھا لے اور اگر ایسے کتے کا شکار ہو جو شکاری نہ ہو اور تو اسے زندہ پالے تو ذبح کر کے کھا لے ۔

Sahih Muslim 39:8sahih

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ح، وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَابْنُ، بَشَّارٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُمَا - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّعليه وسلم قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْنَا فَكَيْفَ نَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ ‏ "‏ قُولُوا وَعَلَيْكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Anas reported that the Companions of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said to him:The People. of the Book offer us salutations (by saying as-Salamu- 'Alaikum). How should we reciprocate them? Thereupon he said: Say: Wa 'Alaikum (and upon you too)

شعبہ نے کہا کہ میں نے قتادہ سے سنا ، وہ حضرت انس رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ سے روایت کرتےہو ئے حدیث بیان کر رہے تھے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے صحابہ کرام رضوان اللہ عنھم اجمعین نے رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے عرض کی : اہل کتاب ہمیں سلام کرتے ہیں ۔ ہم ان کو کیسے جواب دیں ، آپ نے فر ما یا : " تم لوگ " وعلیکم " ( اور تم پر ) کہو ۔

Sahih Muslim 39:17sahih

وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ، بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ ‏"‏ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الْيَهُودَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ‏.‏ وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ ‏"‏ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ‏.‏

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Suhail with the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of wording. The hadith transmitted on the authority of Waki', the words are 'When you meet the Jews." And in the hadith transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba, the words are:'When you meet the People of the Book." And in the hadith transmitted on the authority of Jarir the words are:" When you meet them," but none amongst the polytheists has been mentioned explicitly by name

محمد بن مثنیٰ نے کہا : ہمیں محمد بن جعفر نے حدیث بیان کی ، کہا : ہمیں شعبہ نے حدیث بیان کی ۔ ابو بکر بن ابی شیبہ اور ابو کریب نے کہا : ہمیں وکیع نے سفیان سے حدیث بیان کی ، زہیر بن حرب نے کہا : ہمیں جریر نے حدیث بیان کی ، ان سب ( شعبہ سفیان اور جریر ) نے سہیل سے اسی سند کے ساتھ حدیث بیان کی ۔ وکیع کی حدیث میں ہے ، " جب تم یہود سے ملو ۔ " شعبہ سے ابن جعفر کی روایت کردہ حدیث میں ہے ۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اہل کتاب کے بارے میں فر ما یا ۔ اور جریر کی روایت میں ہے : " جب تم ان لوگوں سے ملو ، " اور مشرکوں میں سے کسی ایک ( گروہ ) کا نام نہیں لیا ۔

Sahih Muslim 43:120sahih

حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ مَنْصُورٌ حَدَّثَنَا وَقَالَ، ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، - يَعْنِيَانِ ابْنَ سَعْدٍ - عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ، اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَسْدُلُونَ أَشْعَارَهُمْ وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَفْرُقُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُحِبُّ مُوَافَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِيمَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِهِ فَسَدَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَاصِيَتَهُ ثُمَّ فَرَقَ بَعْدُ ‏.‏

Ibn Abbas reported that the People of the Book used to let their hair fall (on their foreheads) and the polytheists used to part them on their heads, and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) liked to conform his behaviour to the People of the Book in matters in which he received no command (from God) ; so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) let fall his hair upon his forehead, and then he began to part it after this

ابراہیم بن سعد نے ابن شہاب سے ، انھوں نے عبیداللہ بن عبداللہ سے اور انھوں نے حضرت ابن عباس رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ سے روایت کی ، کہا : کہ اہل کتاب یعنی یہود اور نصاریٰ اپنے بالوں کو پیشانی پر لٹکتے ہوئے چھوڑ دیتے تھے ( یعنی مانگ نہیں نکالتے تھے ) اور مشرک مانگ نکالتے تھے اور رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اہل کتاب کے طریق پر چلنا دوست رکھتے تھے جس مسئلہ میں آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو کوئی حکم نہ ہوتا ( یعنی بہ نسبت مشرکین کے اہل کتاب بہتر ہیں تو جس باب میں کوئی حکم نہ آتا آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اہل کتاب کی موافقت اس مسئلے میں اختیار کرتے ) تو آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بھی پیشانی پر بال لٹکانے لگے اس کے بعد آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مانگ نکالنے لگے ۔

Sahih Muslim 51:17sahih

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، - وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ - عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ كَانَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ قَدْ قَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَانْطَلَقَ هَارِبًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ - قَالَ - فَرَفَعُوهُ قَالُوا هَذَا قَدْ كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ فَأُعْجِبُوا بِهِ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ قَصَمَ اللَّهُ عُنُقَهُ فِيهِمْ فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ عَادُوا فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ الأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَتَرَكُوهُ مَنْبُوذًا ‏.‏

Anas b. Malik reported:There was a person amongst us who belonged to the tribe of Bani Najjar and he recited Sura al-Baqarah and Surat Al-i-'Imran and he used to transcribe for Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). He ran away as a rebel and joined the People of the Book. They gave it much importance and said: He is the person who used to transcribe for Muhammad and they were much pleased with him. Time rolled on that Allah caused his death. They dug the grave and buried him therein, but they found to their surprise that the earth had thrown him out over the surface. They again dug the grave for him and buried him but the earth again threw him out upon the surface. They again dug the grave for him and buried him but the earth again threw him out upon the surface. At last they left him unburied

حضرت انس بن مالک رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ سے روایت ہے ، کہا : ہم بنو نجار میں سے ایک شخص تھا ، اس نے سورہ بقرہ اور سورہ آل عمران پڑھی ( یاد کی ) ہوئی تھی اور وہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے لئے کتابت کیا کرتا تھا ، وہ بھاگ کر چلا گیا اور اہل کتاب کے ساتھ شامل ہوگیا ، انھوں نے اس کو بہت اونچا اٹھایا اور کہا : یہ ہے جو محمد ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) کے لئے کتابت کرتا تھا وہ اس کے آنے سے بہت خوش ہوئے ، تھوڑے ہی دن گزرے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان کے بیچ میں ( ہوتے ہوئے ) اس کی گردن توڑ دی ۔ انھوں نے اس کے لیے قبر کھودی اور اسے دفن کردیا ۔ صبح ہوئی تو زمین نے اسے اپنی سطح کے ا وپر پھینک دیا تھا ۔ انھوں نے دوبارہ وہی کیا ، اس کی قبر کھودی اور اسے دفن کردیا ۔ پھر صبح ہوئی تو زمین نے اسے باہر پھینک دیا تھا ، انھوں نے پھر ( تیسری بار ) اسی طرح کیا ، اس کے لئے قبر کھودی اور اسے دفن کردیا ، صبح کو زمین نے اسے باہر پھینک دیا ہواتھا تو انھوں نے اسے اسی طرح پھینکا ہوا چھوڑ دیا ۔

Sahih Muslim 52:4sahih

حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَلْقَمَةَ، يَقُولُ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَوَاتِ عَلَى إِصْبَعٍ وَالأَرَضِينَ عَلَى إِصْبَعٍ وَالشَّجَرَ وَالثَّرَى عَلَى إِصْبَعٍ وَالْخَلاَئِقَ عَلَى إِصْبَعٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَنَا الْمَلِكُ أَنَا الْمَلِكُ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ‏{‏ وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ‏}‏

Abdullah reported that a person from the People of the Book came to Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) and said:Abu al-Qasim, verily, Allah holds the Heavens upon one finger and the earths upon one finger and the trees and moist earth upon one finger and in fact the whole of the creation upon one finger and then say: I am the King. I am the King. And he (the narrator) further said: I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) smiling until his front teeth became visible and then he recited the verse: "And they measure not the power of Allah with His true measure" (39:)

حفص بن غیاث نے کہا : ہمیں اعمش نے حدیث بیان کی ، انھوں نے کہا : میں نے ابراہیم کو کہتے ہوئے سنا : میں نے علقمہ کو کہتے ہوئے سنا کہ حضرت عبداللہ بن مسعود رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ نے کہا : اہل کتاب میں سے ایک شخص رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی خدمت میں آیا اور اس نے کہا : ابو القاسم! بے شک اللہ تعالیٰ تمام آسمانوں کو ایک انگلی پر ، زمینوں کو ایک انگلی پر اور درختوں اور گیلی مٹی کو ایک انگلی پر اور تمام مخلوق کو ایک انگلی پر تھام لے گا ، پھر فرمائے گا : " بادشاہ میں ہوں بادشاہ میں ہوں ۔ " ( ابن مسعود رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ نے ) کہا : میں نے رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو دیکھا ، آپ ( اس بات پر ) ہنس پڑے یہاں تک کہ آپ کے پچھلے دندان مبارک ظاہر ہوئے ، پھرآپ نے ( اس آیت کی ) تلاوت کی : " انھوں نے اللہ تعالیٰ کی ( اس طرح قدر نہیں پہچانی جس طرح قدر پہچاننے کا حق ہے ۔)

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