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Disobedience and Transgression

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Disobedience and Transgression

الفسوق والظلم

In Islamic tradition, disobedience (فسوق, *fusuq*) and transgression (ظلم, *ẓulm*) represent significant spiritual challenges, denoting acts that willfully cross the boundaries set by Allah. *Fusuq* is a defiant rebellion or deviation from the straight path, a deliberate breaking away from divine commands. *Ẓulm*, often translated as injustice or wrongdoing, encompasses not only harming others but also [wronging oneself] by sinning against Allah’s wisdom and mercy. The Quran frequently highlights these themes through historical accounts, such as the Children of Israel’s repeated lapses. Their act of [worshipping the calf] after witnessing divine miracles, and their subsequent [changing of Allah's words], are prime examples of *fusuq*. Similarly, their [habitual disobedience and transgression] led to severe consequences. These narratives serve as powerful reminders that such actions, born of arrogance or ingratitude, carry spiritual weight and can alienate a person from divine favor. While the consequences of disobedience can be grave, Islam also emphasizes Allah's boundless [mercy and acceptance of repentance] for those who sincerely turn back to Him, striving to rectify their ways and seek forgiveness.

Disobedience (فسوق, fusuq) and transgression (ظلم, ẓulm) are fundamental concepts in Islamic ethics, signifying deliberate departures from divine guidance. These acts carry profound spiritual consequences, as illustrated repeatedly in the Quran through the narratives of past nations, particularly the Children of Israel. While the path of disobedience can lead to severe divine displeasure, Islam also offers hope through repentance and Allah's boundless mercy for those who sincerely seek to rectify their ways.

Defining *Fusuq* and *Ẓulm* in Revelation

The Quran and prophetic tradition delineate fusuq and ẓulm with precision, highlighting their broad implications. Fusuq is derived from a root meaning "to go outside" or "to stray beyond a limit," and in Islamic terminology, it signifies "going beyond the circle of obedience to Allah, or transgressing the commandments of Allah." As Ma'arif-ul-Quran explains, this transgression can range from habitual sin to outright denial (kufr). The word fasiq (one who commits fusuq) can thus apply to a disbeliever or a habitual Muslim sinner, with public unashamed sinning sometimes equating to kufr in the jurists' view.

Ẓulm, often translated as injustice or wrongdoing, has an even broader scope. It encompasses putting things in improper places, indicating a deviation from divine order. Idol worship, for instance, is identified as a form of ẓulm because it wrongly attributes divine attributes to created beings when you took for worship the calf after him, while you were wrongdoers. Ibn Kathir identifies three types of injustice (ẓulm): the unforgivable sin of shirk (associating partners with Allah), failing to fulfill Allah's rights (Huququllah), and violating the rights of others (Huquq al-‘Ibad). The Quran states that those who disbelieve and act unjustly will not be forgiven, nor will they be guided to a way of good, except the way of Hell, to dwell therein forever.

The inherent weakness of humanity is acknowledged, as man was created weak. This weakness makes humanity susceptible to desires that can lead to fusuq and ẓulm. As Tafsir al-Jalalayn notes, this weakness particularly relates to "abstaining from women and passions." Yet, Allah desires to lighten things for you, prescribing injunctions that are within human capacity.

Historical Manifestations of Disobedience

The Quran provides numerous historical accounts to illustrate the consequences of fusuq and ẓulm. The Children of Israel serve as a prominent example, their history marked by repeated lapses in obedience. After witnessing the miracle of their escape from Pharaoh, they immediately . Their repentance, as prescribed by Allah, involved the innocent slaying the guilty among them, demonstrating the severity of this ẓulm.

Their disobedience continued when they changed words to a statement other than that which had been said to them, opting for mockery instead of sincere supplication for forgiveness. This led to a divine punishment of plague, as Ma'arif-ul-Quran explains, highlighting the grave sin of altering divine commands. Another instance of transgression involved their disobedience concerning the sabbath, where they sought deceitful means to circumvent the prohibition of fishing on Saturday. This persistent fusuq resulted in their transformation into "apes, despised", a physical metamorphosis rather than merely a psychological one, according to Ma'arif-ul-Quran, serving as a deterrent and a lesson for all.

Furthermore, the Children of Israel’s repeated rejection and killing of prophets, such as Zachariah and John, and their disbelief in the signs of Allah, are cited as reasons for their humiliation and misery. They were admonished for despite being bound by a covenant not to do so. This selective belief in scripture and their cooperation in "sin and aggression" demonstrate a deep-seated fusuq and ẓulm.

The Nature of Hypocrisy and its Consequences

The concept of hypocrisy (nifaq) is closely related to disobedience and transgression. Hypocrites outwardly claim faith but harbor disbelief and ill intentions in their hearts. They are described as those in whose hearts is a sickness, a doubt and hypocrisy that Allah increases. Ibn Kathir explains this as a disease in religion, not physical ailment, which causes them to increase in shameful behavior.

Hypocrites engage in mischief on earth by disobeying Allah and His Messenger, continuing prohibited acts, and doubting Allah's religion (Tafsir Ibn Kathir). They claim to be "only peacemakers" while actively working against the believers, even conspiring with disbelievers. The Quran warns that they are the ones who make mischief, but they perceive not. This deception extends to their interactions, where they say, "We believe," when with believers, but when alone with their leaders ("Shayatin"), they confess, "We are with you; we were only mocking." Allah mocks them in return and leaves them to wander blindly in their deviation.

The Quran uses parables to illustrate the state of hypocrites. Some are likened to a person who kindles a fire for light but then loses it and is left in darkness, symbolizing those whose disbelief is deeply rooted. Others are compared to those caught in a rainstorm, walking in flashes of lightning but stopping in darkness, representing their hesitation and doubt. Ibn Kathir clarifies that these parables describe different types of hypocrites, from pure hypocrites to those with some hypocrisy in them, a condition also described in a Hadith: "Whoever has the following three (characteristics) will be a pure hypocrite, and whoever has one of the following three characteristics will have one characteristic of hypocrisy, unless and until he gives it up: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie. Whenever he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous. Whenever he is entrusted, he breaches the trust" (Bukhari, Muslim).

Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Avoiding Transgression

Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) addresses fusuq and ẓulm by establishing clear guidelines for obedience and justice, and outlining the severe consequences of violating these principles. The Quran explicitly prohibits taking the property of others unjustly, saying, eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly. This injunction encompasses all impermissible means of acquiring wealth, such as Riba (interest), gambling, theft, and bribery. As Ma'arif-ul-Quran notes, any unauthorized use of another's property, even if not eaten, is considered "eating up" it unjustly.

The prohibition against killing is also paramount. Do not kill yourselves includes both suicide and unjust murder of others. The Quran reserves severe punishment for intentional murder, stating, whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell. While there is scholarly debate on whether a murderer's repentance is accepted, the majority of scholars believe it can be, provided it is sincere and followed by righteous deeds, although the punishment for the crime remains. Ibn Abbas, however, held that the intentional murderer's repentance would not be accepted, and this verse was the last revealed on this subject, not abrogated.

The Shariah also outlines punishments for specific transgressions. For instance, early Islamic law prescribed confinement for women who committed illegal sexual intercourse, later abrogated by flogging or stoning (4:15, 4:16). Homosexuality is strictly forbidden, with severe warnings from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, who said, "If you find someone doing what the people of Lot did, kill both the doer and the one with whom it is done" (At-Targhib wat-Tarhib). Jurists have proposed various severe punishments, including burning, stoning, and beheading, for this act.

Justice is commanded even towards enemies: let not the enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice. This emphasizes that justice is a divine obligation, transcending personal biases. Furthermore, enjoining good and forbidding evil is a collective responsibility, and those scholars who fail to do so are criticized: Why do not the Rabbaniyyun and the Ahbar forbid them from uttering sinful words and from eating illegal things? Evil indeed is that which they have been performing.

Spiritual Repercussions and the Path of Repentance

The spiritual consequences of fusuq and ẓulm are dire, leading to divine wrath and eternal punishment. Those who disobey Allah and His Messenger and transgress His limits . Disbelievers who persist in their denial are described as "fuel for the Fire", their wealth and children being of no avail against Allah's punishment.

The Quran emphasizes that the true value of worldly life is fleeting compared to the Hereafter. Desirable things like women, children, wealth, and land are merely an enjoyment of the worldly life, while with Allah is the beauty of the final resort. Engaging in fusuq and ẓulm often stems from an excessive love for these worldly attractions, leading individuals to "purchase error with guidance", thereby suffering a profitless trade.

Despite the gravity of these sins, Allah's mercy remains open. For those who believe and perform righteous deeds, there is forgiveness and a great reward. Repentance is a fundamental avenue for forgiveness. Even those who commit evil or wrong themselves, if they seek Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. This promise applies to all sins short of shirk, which Allah does not forgive except that (anything else) to whom He wills. Sincere repentance, coupled with righteous deeds, is the path to divine acceptance and entry into Paradise. As a Hadith states, "Whoever has the least speck of faith in his heart shall ultimately depart the Fire" (Bukhari, Muslim).

In conclusion, fusuq and ẓulm represent a profound spiritual divergence from divine norms, encompassing acts of disobedience, injustice, and denial. The Quranic narratives and prophetic traditions consistently warn against these transgressions, illustrating their severe consequences in this life and the Hereafter. Yet, central to the Islamic message is the ever-present path of repentance, highlighting Allah's infinite mercy for those who sincerely strive for righteousness, offering a transformative journey from deviation to divine favor.

Quran — 51 verses

وَإِذْ وَٰعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰٓ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ ٱتَّخَذْتُمُ ٱلْعِجْلَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَنتُمْ ظَٰلِمُونَ

Wa iz waa'adnaa Moosaaa arba'eena lailatan summattakhaztumul 'ijla mim ba'dihee wa antum zaalimoon

And [recall] when We made an appointment with Moses for forty nights. Then you took [for worship] the calf after him, while you were wrongdoers.

اور جب ہم نے موسیٰ سے چالیس رات کا وعدہ کیا تو تم نے ان کے پیچھے بچھڑے کو (معبود) مقرر کر لیا اور تم ظلم کر رہے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Verse 51 refers to other incidents in the same story. When the Pharaoh had been drowned, the Israelites, according to one report, went back to Egypt, or, according to another, began to live somewhere else. Having at last found a peaceful existence, they now wished they could receive a Shari` ah, or ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when We appointed for wā‘adnā or wa‘adnā Moses forty nights at the end of which We shall give him the Torah for you to implement then you took to yourselves the calf the one which the Samaritan fashioned for you as a god after him that is after he departed for Our appointment and you were evildo...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Children of Israel worshipped the Calf Allah then said, "Remember My favor on you when I forgave you for worshipping the calf." This happened after Musa went to the meeting place with his Lord at the end of that period which was forty days. These forty days were mentioned in Surat Al-A`raf, when...

وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ يَٰقَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُم بِٱتِّخَاذِكُمُ ٱلْعِجْلَ فَتُوبُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ بَارِئِكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَكُمْ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

Wa iz qaala Moosaa liqawmihee yaa qawmi innakum zalamtum anfusakum bittikhaa zikumul 'ijla fatoobooo ilaa Baari'ikum faqtulooo anfusakum zaalikum khairul lakum 'inda Baari'ikum fataaba 'alaikum; innahoo Huwat Tawwaabur Raheem

And [recall] when Moses said to his people, "O my people, indeed you have wronged yourselves by your taking of the calf [for worship]. So repent to your Creator and kill yourselves. That is best for [all of] you in the sight of your Creator." Then He accepted your repentance; indeed, He is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.

اور جب موسیٰ نے اپنی قوم کے لوگوں سے کہا کہ بھائیو، تم نے بچھڑے کو (معبود) ٹھہرانے میں (بڑا) ظلم کیا ہے، تو اپنے پیدا کرنے والے کے آگے توبہ کرو اور اپنے تئیں ہلاک کر ڈالو۔ تمہارے خالق کے نزدیک تمہارے حق میں یہی بہتر ہے۔ پھر اس نے تمہارا قصور معاف کر دیا۔ وہ بے شک معاف کرنے والا (اور) صاحبِ رحم ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This verse describes the special mode of offering their Taubah توبہ (repentance) which was prescribed for the Israelites in this situation, -- that is to say, those who had not indulged in the worship of the golden calf should execute those who had. Similarly, in the Islamic Shari'ah too, certain ma...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when Moses said to his people those who worshipped the calf ‘My people you have done wrong against yourselves by your taking the golden calf for a god; now turn to your Creator away from that worship of the calf and slay one another that is let the innocent of you slay the guilty; That slaughter...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Children of Israel kill each other in Repentance This was the repentance required from the Children of Israel for worshipping the calf. Commenting on Allah's statement; وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَـقَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ (And (remember) when Musa s...

فَبَدَّلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ قَوْلًا غَيْرَ ٱلَّذِى قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ رِجْزًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْسُقُونَ

Fabaddalal lazeena zalamoo qawlan ghairal lazee qeela lahum fa anzalnaa 'alal lazeena zalamoo rijzam minas samaaa'i bimaa kaanoo yafsuqoon

But those who wronged changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them, so We sent down upon those who wronged a punishment from the sky because they were defiantly disobeying.

تو جو ظالم تھے، انہوں نے اس لفظ کو، جس کا ان کو حکم دیا تھا، بدل کر اس کی جگہ اور لفظ کہنا شروع کیا، پس ہم نے (ان) ظالموں پر آسمان سے عذاب نازل کیا، کیونکہ نافرمانیاں کئے جاتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This verse is a continuation of the preceding verse. Allah had commanded the Israelites to keep, while entering the city, repeating the word Hittatun حِطَّةٌ (which indicates repentance for one's sin and the request for pardon). But they replaced this word with another phrase by way of mockery, and ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then the evildoers among them substituted a saying other than that which had been said to them and said instead ‘A grain inside a hair’ and entered the town dragging themselves on their rears; so We sent down upon the evildoers the replacement of the second person of the previous verse with the over...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews were Rebellious instead of Appreciative when They gained Victory Allah admonished the Jews for avoiding Jihad and not entering the holy land as they had been ordered to do when they came from Egypt with Musa. They were also commanded to fight the disbelieving `Amaliq (Canaanites) dwelling i...

وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَٰمُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَٰحِدٍ فَٱدْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنۢبِتُ ٱلْأَرْضُ مِنۢ بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّآئِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِٱلَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ ٱهْبِطُوا۟ مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلْتُمْ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ وَٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ

Wa iz qultum yaa Moosaa lan nasbira 'alaa ta'aaminw waahidin fad'u lanaa rabbaka yukhrij lanaa mimmaa tumbitul ardu mimbaqlihaa wa qis saaa'ihaa wa foomihaa wa 'adasihaa wa basalihaa qaala atastabdiloonal lazee huwa adnaa billazee huwa khayr; ihbitoo misran fa inna lakum maa sa altum; wa duribat 'alaihimuz zillatu walmaskanatu wa baaa'oo bighadabim minal laah; zaalika bi annahum kaano yakfuroona bi aayaatil laahi wa yaqtuloonan Nabiyyeena bighairil haqq; zaalika bimaa 'asaw wa kaanoo ya'tadoon

And [recall] when you said, "O Moses, we can never endure one [kind of] food. So call upon your Lord to bring forth for us from the earth its green herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions." [Moses] said, "Would you exchange what is better for what is less? Go into [any] settlement and indeed, you will have what you have asked." And they were covered with humiliation and poverty and returned with anger from Allah [upon them]. That was because they [repeatedly] disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets without right. That was because they disobeyed and were [habitually] transgressing.

اور جب تم نے کہا کہ موسیٰ! ہم سے ایک (ہی) کھانے پر صبر نہیں ہو سکتا تو اپنے پروردگار سے دعا کیجئے کہ ترکاری اور ککڑی اور گیہوں اور مسور اور پیاز (وغیرہ) جو نباتات زمین سے اُگتی ہیں، ہمارے لیے پیدا کر دے۔ انہوں نے کہا کہ بھلا عمدہ چیزیں چھوڑ کر ان کے عوض ناقص چیزیں کیوں چاہتے ہوں۔ (اگر یہی چیزیں مطلوب ہیں) تو کسی شہر میں جا اترو، وہاں جو مانگتے ہو، مل جائے گا۔ اور (آخرکار) ذلت (ورسوائی) اور محتاجی (وبے نوائی) ان سے چمٹا دی گئی اور وہ الله کے غضب میں گرفتار ہو گئے۔ یہ اس لیے کہ وہ الله کی آیتوں سے انکار کرتے تھے اور (اس کے) نبیوں کو ناحق قتل کر دیتے تھے۔ (یعنی) یہ اس لیے کہ نافرمانی کئے جاتے اور حد سے بڑھے جاتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This episode has been indirectly referred to in verse 58, and it also occurred in the wilderness of Tih تیہ . The Israelites grew weary of eating the Mann مَن and the Salwa سلوا (manna and quails) everyday, and wished to have ordinary vegetables and grain. Allah commanded them through Sayyidna Musa ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when you said ‘Moses we will not endure one sort of food that is to say manna and quails; pray to your Lord for us that He may bring forth for us something of min here is explicative what the earth produces — green herbs cucumbers garlic lentils onions’ he Moses said to them ‘Would you exchange ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Children of Israel preferred Foods inferior to Manna and Quails Allah said, "And remember My favor on you when I sent down the manna and quails to you, a good, pure, beneficial, easily acquired food. And remember your ungratefulness for what We granted you. Remember how you asked Musa to exchang...

ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُۥ لَكُنتُم مِّنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ

Summa tawallaitum mim ba'di zaalika falawlaa fadlul laahi 'alaikum wa rahmatuhoo lakuntum minal khaasireen

Then you turned away after that. And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy, you would have been among the losers.

تو تم اس کے بعد (عہد سے) پھر گئے اور اگر تم پر خدا کا فضل اور اس کی مہربانی نہ ہوتی تو تم خسارے میں پڑے گئے ہوتے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The Israelites went against the Covenant they had made with Allah. The sin was so grave that one could have expected utter destruction and ruin to descend on them as a punishment. But Allah, in His mercy, spared them in so far as physical life is concerned, although they will have to pay for their t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then you turned away thereafter and but for God’s bounty and His mercy towards you you would have been among the losers there is no commentary on this verse.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Taking the Covenant from the Jews Allah reminded the Children of Israel of the pledges, covenants and promises that He took from them to believe in Him alone, without a partner, and follow His Messengers. Allah stated that when He took their pledge from them, He raised the mountain above their heads...

وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱعْتَدَوْا۟ مِنكُمْ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا۟ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ

Wa laqad 'alimtumul lazeena'-tadaw minkum fis Sabti faqulnaa lahum koonoo qiradatan khaasi'een

And you had already known about those who transgressed among you concerning the sabbath, and We said to them, "Be apes, despised."

اور تم ان لوگوں کو خوب جانتے ہوں، جو تم میں سے ہفتے کے دن (مچھلی کا شکار کرنے) میں حد سے تجاوز کر گئے تھے، تو ہم نے ان سے کہا کہ ذلیل وخوار بندر ہو جاؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This episode belongs to the time of Sayyidna Dawud (David (علیہ السلام Allah had appointed Saturday as the Sabt سبت ، or the sacred day, for the Israelites; it was specially set apart for prayers and worship, and hence fishing was prohibited on this day. But these people lived on the sea-shore, and ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And verily wa-la-qad the lām is for oaths you know that there were those among you who transgressed violated the Sabbath by fishing when We had forbidden you to do so — these were the inhabitants of Eilat — and We said to them ‘Be apes despised!’ rejected and they became so they died three days late...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews breach the Sanctity of the Sabbath Allah said, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ (And indeed you knew). This Ayah means, O Jews! Remember that Allah sent His torment on the village that disobeyed Him and broke their pledge and their covenant to observe the sanctity of the Sabbath. They began using deceit...

وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦٓ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تَذْبَحُوا۟ بَقَرَةً قَالُوٓا۟ أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلْجَٰهِلِينَ

Wa iz qaala Moosaa liqawmiheee innal laaha yaamurukum an tazbahoo baqaratan qaalooo atattakhizunna huzuwan qaala a'oozu billaahi an akoona minal jaahileen

And [recall] when Moses said to his people, "Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow." They said, "Do you take us in ridicule?" He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant."

اور جب موسیٰ نے اپنی قوم کے لوگوں سے کہا کہ خدا تم کو حکم دیتا ہے کہ ایک بیل ذبح کرو۔ وہ بولے، کیا تم ہم سے ہنسی کرتے ہو۔ (موسیٰ نے) کہا کہ میں الله کی پناہ مانگتا ہوں کہ نادان بنوں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: According to Mirqat, a commentary on Mishkat, a man among the Israelites wanted to marry a girl, but her father refused. The suitor was so incensed that he killed the father, and disappeared. It is mentioned in Ma` alim al-tanzil which says on the authority of Kalbi that Allah had not yet sent down ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And mention when Moses said to his people when one among them was killed and the killer was not known and so they asked Moses to pray to God to reveal the killer which he did; ‘God commands you to sacrifice a cow’. They said ‘Do you take us in mockery?’ that is making fun of us when you answer us li...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Story of the murdered Israeli Man and the Cow Allah said, `O Children of Israel! Remember how I blessed you with miracle of the cow that was the means for discovering the identity of the murderer, when the murdered man was brought back to life.' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded `Ubaydah As-Salmani saying,...

قَالَ إِنَّهُۥ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ ٱلْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِى ٱلْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَّا شِيَةَ فِيهَا قَالُوا۟ ٱلْـَٰٔنَ جِئْتَ بِٱلْحَقِّ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ

Qaala innahoo yaqoolu innahaa baqaratul laa zaloolun tuseerul arda wa laa tasqil harsa musallamatullaa shiyata feehaa; qaalul 'aana jita bilhaqq; fazabahoohaa wa maa kaado yaf'aloon

He said, "He says, 'It is a cow neither trained to plow the earth nor to irrigate the field, one free from fault with no spot upon her.' " They said, "Now you have come with the truth." So they slaughtered her, but they could hardly do it.

موسیٰ نے کہا کہ خدا فرماتا ہے کہ وہ بیل کام میں لگا ہوا نہ ہو، نہ تو زمین جوتتا ہو اور نہ کھیتی کو پانی دیتا ہو۔ اس میں کسی طرح کا داغ نہ ہو۔ کہنے لگے، اب تم نے سب باتیں درست بتا دیں۔ غرض (بڑی مشکل سے) انہوں نے اس بیل کو ذبح کیا، اور وہ ایسا کرنے والے تھے نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: These Verses show how the Israelites were disposed to disobedience, and how this inclination expressed itself in different forms. The Hadith says that if these people had obeyed Allah's commandment without raising so many doubts and asking unnecessary questions, such strict condition would not have ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: He said ‘He says she shall be a cow not broken not subdued for labour that is to plough the earth churning its soil for sowing tuthīr al-ard the clause describes the word dhalūl and constitutes part of the negation; or to water the tillage that is the land prepared for sowing; one safe from faults a...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Stubbornness of the Jews regarding the Cow; Allah made the Matter difficult for Them Allah mentioned the stubbornness of the Children of Israel and the many unnecessary questions they asked their Messengers. This is why when they were stubborn, Allah made the decisions difficult for them. Had th...

ثُمَّ أَنتُمْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِّنكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِهِمْ تَظَٰهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِم بِٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ وَإِن يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَٰرَىٰ تُفَٰدُوهُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرَاجُهُمْ أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمَا جَزَآءُ مَن يَفْعَلُ ذَٰلِكَ مِنكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْىٌ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰٓ أَشَدِّ ٱلْعَذَابِ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ

Summa antum haaa'ulaaa'i taqtuloona anfusakum wa tukhrijoona fareeqam minkum min diyaarihim tazaaharoona 'alaihim bil ismi wal'udwaani wa iny yaatookum usaaraa tufaadoohum wahuwa muharramun 'alaikum ikhraajuhum; afatu' mi-noona biba'dil Kitaabi wa takfuroona biba'd; famaa jazaaa'u mai yaf'alu zaalika minkum illaa khizyun fil hayaatid-dunyaa wa yawmal qiyaamati yuraddoona ilaaa ashaddil 'azaab; wa mal laahu bighaafilin 'ammaa ta'maloon

Then, you are those [same ones who are] killing one another and evicting a party of your people from their homes, cooperating against them in sin and aggression. And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them, although their eviction was forbidden to you. So do you believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part? Then what is the recompense for those who do that among you except disgrace in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.

پھر تم وہی ہو کہ اپنوں کو قتل بھی کر دیتے ہو اور اپنے میں سے بعض لوگوں پر گناہ اور ظلم سے چڑھائی کرکے انہیں وطن سے نکال بھی دیتے ہو، اور اگر وہ تمہارے پاس قید ہو کر آئیں تو بدلہ دے کر ان کو چھڑا بھی لیتے ہو، حالانکہ ان کا نکال دینا ہی تم کو حرام تھا۔ (یہ) کیا (بات ہے کہ) تم کتابِ (خدا) کے بعض احکام کو تو مانتے ہو اور بعض سے انکار کئے دیتے ہو، تو جو تم میں سے ایسی حرکت کریں، ان کی سزا اس کے سوا اور کیا ہو سکتی ہے کہ دنیا کی زندگی میں تو رسوائی ہو اور قیامت کے دن سخت سے سخت عذاب میں ڈال دیئے جائیں اور جو کام تم کرتے ہو، خدا ان سے غافل نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This verse recounts how the Israelites broke the pledge they had willingly made. Allah had laid down three special injunctions for the Israelites: (1) They should not kill one another in an internecine war. (2) They should not force their own people into exile. (3) If they found a man from amongst t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then there you are killing one another and expelling a party of you from their habitations conspiring tazzāharūna the original ta’ has been assimilated with the zā’; a variant reading has it without the assimilation that is tazāharūna assisting one another against them in sin in disobedience and enm...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Terms of the Covenant and their Breach of It Allah criticized the Jews who lived in Al-Madinah during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They used to suffer, because of the armed conflicts between the tribes of Al-Madinah, Aws and Khazraj. Before Islam, the Aws and Khazraj worshipped idols, a...

وَلَقَدْ جَآءَكُم مُّوسَىٰ بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ ثُمَّ ٱتَّخَذْتُمُ ٱلْعِجْلَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَنتُمْ ظَٰلِمُونَ

Wa laqad jaaa'akum Moosa bilbaiyinaati summat takhaztunmul 'ijla mim ba'dihee wa antum zaalimoon

And Moses had certainly brought you clear proofs. Then you took the calf [in worship] after that, while you were wrongdoers.

اور موسیٰ تمہارے پاس کھلے ہوئے معجزات لے کر آئے تو تم ان کے (کوہِ طور جانے کے) بعد بچھڑے کو معبود بنا بیٹھے اور تم (اپنے ہی حق میں) ظلم کرتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The "clear signs" mentioned in the verse refers to the miracles which- had manifested themselves even before the Torah was given to Sayyidna Musa (Moses علیہ السلام) -- for example, his staff that turned into a .snake, the palm of his hand which shone brightly, the splitting of the sea to make a pat...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And Moses came to you with clear proofs miracles such as the staff his hand and the parting of the sea; then you took to yourselves the calf as a god after him after he had gone to the appointment and you were evildoers for taking it in worship.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Although The Jews denied the Truth, They claimed to be Believers! Allah said, وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ (And when it is said to them), meaning, the Jews and the People of the Book, ءَامِنُواْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ (Believe in what Allah has sent down) to Muhammad , believe in and follow him, قَالُواْ نُؤ...

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَٰقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ ٱلطُّورَ خُذُوا۟ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَٰكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَٱسْمَعُوا۟ قَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا۟ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِهِۦٓ إِيمَٰنُكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

Wa iz akhaznaa meesaaqakum wa rafa'naa fawqa kumut Toora khuzoo maaa aatainaakum biquwwatinw wasma'oo qaaloo sami'naa wa 'asainaa wa ushriboo fee quloobihimul 'ijla bikufrihim; qul bi'samaa yaamurukum biheee eemaanukum in kuntum m'mineen

And [recall] when We took your covenant and raised over you the mount, [saying], "Take what We have given you with determination and listen." They said [instead], "We hear and disobey." And their hearts absorbed [the worship of] the calf because of their disbelief. Say, "How wretched is that which your faith enjoins upon you, if you should be believers."

اور جب ہم نے تم (لوگوں) سے عہد واثق لیا اور کوہ طور کو تم پر اٹھا کھڑا کیا (اور حکم دیا کہ) جو (کتاب) ہم نے تم کو دی ہے، اس کو زور سے پکڑو اور جو تمہیں حکم ہوتا ہے (اس کو) سنو تو وہ (جو تمہارے بڑے تھے) کہنے لگے کہ ہم نے سن تو لیا لیکن مانتے نہیں۔ اور ان کے کفر کے سبب بچھڑا (گویا) ان کے دلوں میں رچ گیا تھا۔ (اے پیغمبر ان سے) کہہ دو کہ اگر تم مومن ہو تو تمہارا ایمان تم کو بری بات بتاتا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In refuting the claim of the Jews to be authentic and true already referred to in Verse 63. When the Israelites succeeded, with the help of Allah, in escaping from Egypt and crossing the sea, they came upon a people who used to worship idols. They found this cult so attractive that they requested Sa...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when We made a covenant with you to act according to what is in the Torah and raised over you the Mount to drop it on you when you had refused to accept it; We said ‘Take forcefully seriously and with effort what We have given you and listen’ to what you have been commanded and be prepared to ac...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews rebel after Allah took Their Covenant and raised the Mountain above Their Heads Allah reminded the Jews of their errors, breaking His covenant, transgression and defiance, when He raised Mount Tur above them so that they would believe and agree to the terms of the covenant. Yet, they broke ...

أَوَكُلَّمَا عَٰهَدُوا۟ عَهْدًا نَّبَذَهُۥ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُم بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

Awa kullamaa 'aahadoo ahdan nabazahoo fareequm minhum; bal aksaruhum laa u'minoon

Is it not [true] that every time they took a covenant a party of them threw it away? But, [in fact], most of them do not believe.

ان لوگوں نے جب (خدا سے) عہد واثق کیا تو ان میں سے ایک فریق نے اس کو (کسی چیز کی طرح) پھینک دیا۔ حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ان میں اکثر بے ایمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Allah had, as the Torah تورات itself reports, made the Jews take the pledge that they would have faith in the Holy Prophet ﷺ when he appeared. On being reminded of it, the Jews flatly denied even having taken such a pledge. Commenting on this effrontery, the Holy Qur'an says that this is not the onl...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Why whenever they make a covenant with God that they will believe in the Prophet s when he appears or that they will not give assistance to the idolaters against the Prophet s does a party of them reject it? cast it away repudiating it this is the response to the clause beginning with kullamā the in...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Proofs of Muhammad's ﷺ Prophethood Imam Abu Ja`far bin Jarir said that Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ ءَايَـتٍ بَيِّنَـتٍ (And indeed We have sent down to you manifest Ayat) means, "We have sent to you, O Muhammad, clear signs that testify to your prophethood." These Ayat are contai...

ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ

Duribat 'alaihimuz zillatu aina maa suqifooo illaa bihablim minal laahi wa hablim minan naasi wa baaa'oo bighadabim minallaahi wa duribat 'alaihimul maskanah; zaalika bi-annahum kaanoo yakfuroona bi Aayaatil laahi wa yaqtuloonal Ambiyaaa'a bighairi haqq; zaalika bimaa 'asaw wa kaanoo ya'tadoon

They have been put under humiliation [by Allah] wherever they are overtaken, except for a covenant from Allah and a rope from the Muslims. And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allah and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in the verses of Allah and killed the prophets without right. That is because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.

یہ جہاں نظر آئیں گے ذلت (کو دیکھو گے کہ) ان سے چمٹ رہی ہے بجز اس کے کہ یہ خدا اور (مسلمان) لوگوں کی پناہ میں آ جائیں اور یہ لوگ خدا کے غضب میں گرفتار ہیں اور ناداری ان سے لپٹ رہی ہے یہ اس لیے کہ خدا کی آیتوں سے انکار کرتےتھے اور (اس کے) پیغمبروں کو ناحق قتل کر دیتے تھے یہ اس لیے کہ یہ نافرمانی کیے جاتے اور حد سے بڑھے جاتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The meaning of disgrace and wrath cast on the Jews: A detailed discussion on this subject has already appeared under comments on verse 61 of Surah al-Baqarah where the text has not mentioned any exception. This can be seen in Volume I of this commentary. It also covers the exception given...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Abasement shall be cast upon them wherever they are found so that they have no strength and no protection save if they be clinging to a rope of God and a rope of the believing people this being the latter’s covenant of security for them on the condition that they pay the jizya in other words they ha...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ , the Best Nation Ever Allah states that the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ is the best nation ever, كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ (You are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah commented on this Ayah, "(You...

وَمَن يَعْصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُۥ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَٰلِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ

Wa mai ya'sil laaha wa Rasoolahoo wa yata'adda hudoodahoo yudkhilhu Naaran khaalidan feehaa wa lahoo 'azaabum muheen

And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits - He will put him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.

اور جو خدا اور اس کے رسول کی نافرمانی کرے گا اور اس کی حدوں سے نکل جائے گا اس کو خدا دوزخ میں ڈالے گا جہاں وہ ہمیشہ رہے گا۔ اور اس کو ذلت کا عذاب ہوگا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It is the consistent style of the Holy Qur'an that whenever it has described the beliefs and injunctions prescribed by Allah, it is followed by promises of reward or warnings of punishment. This is what has been done here in these two verses after mentioning the rules of inheritance. The ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But whoever disobeys God and His Messenger; and transgresses His bounds him He will admit read in both ways as above yudkhilhu and nudkhilhu to a Fire abiding therein and for him in it there shall be a humbling chastisement one of humiliation. In both of the last verses the singular person of the su...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Warning Against Transgressing the Limits for Inheritance Meaning, the Fara'id are Allah's set limits. This includes what Allah has alloted for the heirs, according to the degree of relation they have to the deceased, and their degree of dependency on him. Therefore, do not transgress or violate them...

وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ ٱلطُّورَ بِمِيثَٰقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوا۟ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظًا

Wa rafa'naa fawqahumut Toora bimeesaaqihim wa qulnaa lahumud khulul baaba sujjadanw wa qulnaa lahum laa ta'doo fis Sabti wa akhaznaa minhum meesaaqan ghaleezaa

And We raised over them the mount for [refusal of] their covenant; and We said to them, "Enter the gate bowing humbly", and We said to them, "Do not transgress on the sabbath", and We took from them a solemn covenant.

اور ان سے عہد لینے کو ہم نے ان پر کوہ طور اٹھا کھڑا کیا اور انہیں حکم دیا کہ (شہر کے) دروازے میں (داخل ہونا تو) سجدہ کرتے ہوئے داخل ہونا اور یہ بھی حکم دیا کہ ہفتے کے دن (مچھلیاں پکڑنے) میں تجاویز (یعنی حکم کے خلاف) نہ کرنا۔ غرض ہم نے ان سے مضبوط عہد لیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some previous verses censured Jews for their mistrustfulness in matters of faith. In the present verses too, there appears a long list of some of their other evil doings and, because of these ugly problems with them, mention has been made of their punishment. This strain continues in many more verse...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We raised above them the Mount by the covenant with them that is on account of the covenant made with them that they might fear and so they accepted it; and We said to them while it cast a shadow hovering above them ‘Enter the gate the gate of the town bowing’; and We said to them ‘Transgress no...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Stubbornness of the Jews Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qatadah said that the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to cause a book to come down to them from heaven, just as the Tawrah was sent down to Musa. Ibn Jurayj said that the Jews asked the Messenger to cause books to come down t...

قَالُوا۟ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْمًا جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا حَتَّىٰ يَخْرُجُوا۟ مِنْهَا فَإِن يَخْرُجُوا۟ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَٰخِلُونَ

Qaaloo yaa Moosaaa innaa feehaa qwman jabbaareena wa innaa lan nadkhulahaa hattaa yakhrujoo minhaa fa innaa daakhiloon

They said, "O Moses, indeed within it is a people of tyrannical strength, and indeed, we will never enter it until they leave it; but if they leave it, then we will enter."

وہ کہنے لگے کہ موسیٰ! وہاں تو بڑے زبردست لوگ (رہتے) ہیں اور جب تک وہ اس سرزمین سے نکل نہ جائیں ہم وہاں جا نہیں سکتے ہاں اگر وہ وہاں سے نکل جائیں تو ہم جا داخل ہوں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Looking at verse 22 which begins with the words: قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ (They said, 0 Musa ...), it will be recalled that, in the verse previous to it (21), Allah Ta` ala had commanded the Bani Isra'il through Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) that they should wage a Jihad against the Amalkites and conquer S...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: They said ‘O Moses there are giants in it those remaining of the people of ‘Ād who were very tall and mighty; we will never enter it until they depart from it; if they depart from it then we will enter’ it.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa Reminds His People of Allah's Favors on Them; The Jews Refuse to Enter the Holy Land Allah states that His servant, Messenger, to whom He spoke directly, Musa, the son of `Imran, reminded his people that among the favors Allah granted them, is that He will give them all of the good of this life...

قَالُوا۟ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَآ أَبَدًا مَّا دَامُوا۟ فِيهَا فَٱذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَٰتِلَآ إِنَّا هَٰهُنَا قَٰعِدُونَ

Qaaloo yaa Moosaaa innaa lan nadkhulahaa abadam maa daamoo feehaa fazhab anta wa Rabbuka faqaatilaaa innaa haahunaa qaa'idoon

They said, "O Moses, indeed we will not enter it, ever, as long as they are within it; so go, you and your Lord, and fight. Indeed, we are remaining right here."

وہ بولے کہ موسیٰ! جب تک وہ لوگ وہاں ہیں ہم کبھی وہاں نہیں جا سکتے (اگر لڑنا ہی ضرور ہے) تو تم اور تمہارا خدا جاؤ اور لڑو ہم یہیں بیٹھے رہیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: But the Bani Isra'il who had not listened to their own prophet Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) would have hardly listened to these elders. They gave them the same response, even in a manner which was more uncouth and grotesque. They said: فَاذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَ‌بُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: They said ‘O Moses we will never enter it so long as they are in it. So go forth you and your Lord and fight them we will be sitting here’ away from the fighting.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa Reminds His People of Allah's Favors on Them; The Jews Refuse to Enter the Holy Land Allah states that His servant, Messenger, to whom He spoke directly, Musa, the son of `Imran, reminded his people that among the favors Allah granted them, is that He will give them all of the good of this life...

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلَّآ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلُ وَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Qul yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi hal tanqimoona minnaaa illaaa an aamannaa billaahi wa maaa unzila ilainaa wa maa unzila min qablu wa annna aksarakum faasiqoon

Say, "O People of the Scripture, do you resent us except [for the fact] that we have believed in Allah and what was revealed to us and what was revealed before and because most of you are defiantly disobedient?"

کہو کہ اے اہل کتاب! تم ہم میں برائی ہی کیا دیکھتے ہو سوا اس کے کہ ہم خدا پر اور جو (کتاب) ہم پر نازل ہوئی اس پر اور جو (کتابیں) پہلے نازل ہوئیں ان پر ایمان لائے ہیں اور تم میں اکثر بدکردار ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Referring to the Jews and Christians in: أَكْثَرَ‌كُمْ فَاسِقُونَ (most of you are sinners) at the end of the first verse, ` most' - not ` all'- of them have been declared to be outside the fold of Faith. The reason for this is that they did have people among them who remained believers u...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed when the Jews said to the Prophet s ‘Whom among the messengers do you believe in?’ and he replied in God and in that which has been revealed to us Q. 2136 and when he mentioned Jesus they said ‘We know of no religion worse than yours!’ Say ‘O People of the Scripture do you...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of their Faith in Allah Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, to those who mock and jest about your religion from among the People of the Scriptures, هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلاَّ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِ...

وَتَرَىٰ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُمْ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ وَأَكْلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

Wa taraa kaseeram minhum yusaari'oona fil ismi wal'udwaani wa aklihimus suht; labi'sa maa kaanoo ya'maloon

And you see many of them hastening into sin and aggression and the devouring of [what is] unlawful. How wretched is what they have been doing.

اور تم دیکھو گے کہ ان میں اکثر گناہ اور زیادتی اور حرام کھانے میں جلدی کر رہے ہیں بےشک یہ جو کچھ کرتے ہیں برا کرتے ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The Moral Loss of Jews In the first verse (62) cited above, mentioned there is the moral depravation and self-destructive attitude of many Jews so that people who know that may take a lesson and stay away from such deeds, as well as from causes that lead to them. Though, this was generall...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And you see many of them namely the Jews vying falling headlong in sin in calumny and enmity wrongdoing and their consuming of unlawful gain what is illicit like bribes; evil is that deed of theirs which they have been committing.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of their Faith in Allah Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, to those who mock and jest about your religion from among the People of the Scriptures, هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلاَّ أَنْ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِ...

لُعِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۢ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ عَلَىٰ لِسَانِ دَاوُۥدَ وَعِيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ

Lu'inal lazeena kafaroo mim Baneee israaa'eela 'alaa lisaani Daawooda wa 'Eesab ni Maryam; zaalika bimaa 'asaw wa kaanoo ya tadoon

Cursed were those who disbelieved among the Children of Israel by the tongue of David and of Jesus, the son of Mary. That was because they disobeyed and [habitually] transgressed.

جو لوگ بنی اسرائیل میں کافر ہوئے ان پر داؤد اور عیسیٰ بن مریم کی زبان سے لعنت کی گئی یہ اس لیے کہ نافرمانی کرتے تھے اور حد سے تجاوز کرتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The Sad End of Bani Isra'Il Mentioned in the second verse (78) is the sad end of those from the Bani Isra'il who were involved in this error of excess and deficiency. On them fell the curse of Allah Almighty. Firstly, it came through the tongue of Sayyidna Dawud (علیہ السلام) as result of which they...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Cursed were the disbelievers of the Children of Israel by the tongue of David when he invoked God against them and they were transformed into apes — these were the people of Eilat — and by Jesus son of Mary when he invoked God against them and they were transformed into pigs — they were the ones who...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Allah Cursed the Disbelievers Among the Children of Israel Allah states that He has cursed the disbelievers among the Children of Israel long ago, and revealed this fact to His Prophets Dawud and `Isa, son of Maryam. He cursed them because they disobeyed Allah and transgressed against His creatures....

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تُحَرِّمُوا۟ طَيِّبَٰتِ مَآ أَحَلَّ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُعْتَدِينَ

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tuharrimoo taiyibaati maaa ahallal laahu lakum wa laa ta'tadooo; innal laaha laa yuhibbul mu'tadeen

O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things which Allah has made lawful to you and do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.

مومنو! جو پاکیزہ چیزیں خدا نے تمہارے لیے حلال کی ہیں ان کو حرام نہ کرو اور حد سے نہ بڑھو کہ خدا حد سے بڑھنے والوں کو دوست نہیں رکھتا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence of Verses Upto this point, the subject revolved around the people of the Book. Onwards, there is a return to subsidiary injunctions some of which were taken up early in the Sarah, and some others also in between. Also reported is a particular link as relevant to -the occasion - that monasti...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When a number of Companions resolved to practise fasting and night vigil continuously and to abstain from women perfume consumption of meat and sleeping on beds the following was revealed O you who believe do not forbid the good things that God has made lawful for you and do not transgress do not ex...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): There is No Monasticism in Islam `Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas said, "This Ayah 5:87 was revealed about some of the Companions of the Prophet who said, `We should cut off our male organs, abandon the desires of this life and travel in the land, just as the Ruhban (monks) do.' When the Pro...

وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا۟ مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ ٱسْمُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَفِسْقٌ وَإِنَّ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينَ لَيُوحُونَ إِلَىٰٓ أَوْلِيَآئِهِمْ لِيُجَٰدِلُوكُمْ وَإِنْ أَطَعْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَمُشْرِكُونَ

Wa laa taakuloo mimaa lam yuzkaris mullaahi 'alaihi wa innahoo lafisq; wa innash Shayaateena la yoohoona ilaaa awliyaaa'ihim liyujaadilookum wa in ata'tumoohum innnakum lamushrikoon

And do not eat of that upon which the name of Allah has not been mentioned, for indeed, it is grave disobedience. And indeed do the devils inspire their allies [among men] to dispute with you. And if you were to obey them, indeed, you would be associators [of others with Him].

اور جس چیز پر خدا کا نام نہ لیا جائے اسے مت کھاؤ کہ اس کا کھانا گناہ ہے اور شیطان (لوگ) اپنے رفیقوں کے دلوں میں یہ بات ڈالتے ہیں کہ تم سے جھگڑا کریں اور اگر تم لوگ ان کے کہے پر چلے تو بےشک تم بھی مشرک ہوئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Linkage of Verses Earlier (116), by saying: وَ اِن تطِع (And if you obey), following people in error was prohibited absolutely. Onward from there, comes the prohibition of such following in a particular matter as necessitated by an event. That event pertains to the lawfulness of what has been slaugh...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And do not eat from that over which God’s Name has not been invoked where it has died or been sacrificed to other than His Name — otherwise what a Muslim sacrifices and does not invoke God’s Name over whether intentionally or forgetfully is lawful as was stated by Ibn ‘Abbās and this is the opinion ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Prohibition of what was Slaughtered in other than Allah's Name This Ayah is used to prove that slaughtered animals are not lawful when Allah's Name is not mentioned over them -- even if slaughtered by a Muslim. The Ayah about hunting game, فَكُلُواْ مِمَّآ أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاذْكُرُواْ اسْم...

فَعَقَرُوا۟ ٱلنَّاقَةَ وَعَتَوْا۟ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ وَقَالُوا۟ يَٰصَٰلِحُ ٱئْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَآ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ

Fa'aqarun naaqata wa'ataw 'an amri Rabbihim wa qaaloo yaa Saalihu' tinaa bimaa ta'idunaaa in kunta minal mursaleen

So they hamstrung the she-camel and were insolent toward the command of their Lord and said, "O Salih, bring us what you promise us, if you should be of the messengers."

آخر انہوں نے اونٹی (کی کونچوں) کو کاٹ ڈالا اور اپنے پروردگار کے حکم سے سرکشی کی اور کہنے لگے کہ صالح! جس چیز سے تم ہمیں ڈراتے تھے اگر تم (خدا کے) پیغمبر ہو تو اسے ہم پر لے آؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It has appeared in previous verses that the Du` a' of Sayyidna Salih (علیہ السلام) had made a big rock open up in the nearby mountain through which an extraordinary she-camel had come out. Then, Allah Ta` ala had made this she-camel the last trial for these people as she drank up all wate...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The she-camel was given the water one day and then another; but they soon tired of this So they hamstrung the she-camel — Qudār hamstrung her by their command killing her with a sword — and flouted the commandment of their Lord and said ‘O Sālih bring upon us that which you promised us in the way of...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Thamud: Their Land and Their Lineage Scholars of Tafsir and genealogy say that (the tribe of Thamud descended from) Thamud bin `Athir bin Iram bin Sam bin Nuh, and he is brother of Jadis son of `Athir, similarly the tribe of Tasm, and they were from the ancient Arabs, Al-`Aribah, before the time of ...

إِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ ٱلرِّجَالَ شَهْوَةً مِّن دُونِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُّسْرِفُونَ

Innakum lataatoonar rijaala shahwatam min doonin nisaaa'; bal antumqawmum musrifoon

Indeed, you approach men with desire, instead of women. Rather, you are a transgressing people."

یعنی خواہش نفسانی پورا کرنے کے لیے عورتوں کو چھوڑ کر لونڈوں پر گرتے ہو۔ حقیقت یہ ہے کہ تم لوگ حد سے نکل جانے والے ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the second verse (81), this immodesty has been stated more explicitly - ` Surely, you come to men lustfully instead of women.' Here, the hint given is that, for the natural satisfaction of human desire, Allah 'Ta` ala has appointed marrying women as a lawful method. Now, to by-pass it and opt for...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Do you read a-innakum pronouncing both hamzas or by not pronouncing the second one but in both cases inserting an alif between the two; a variant reading has innakum ‘indeed you … ’ come lustfully to men instead of women? Nay you are a wanton folk’ transgressing the bounds going from what is lawful ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Story of Prophet Lut, upon Him be Peace, and His People Allah said, We sent, وَ (And) لُوطاًإِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ (Lut, when he said to his people..) Lut (Lot) is the son of Haran the son of Azar (Terah), and he was the nephew of Ibrahim, peace be upon them both. Lut had believed in Ibrahim and ...

وَمَا وَجَدْنَا لِأَكْثَرِهِم مِّنْ عَهْدٍ وَإِن وَجَدْنَآ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَفَٰسِقِينَ

Wa maa wajadnaa li aksarihim min 'ahd; wa inw wajadnaaa aksarahum lafaasiqeen

And We did not find for most of them any covenant; but indeed, We found most of them defiantly disobedient.

اور ہم نے ان میں سے اکثروں میں (عہد کا نباہ) نہیں دیکھا۔ اور ان میں اکثروں کو (دیکھا تو) بدکار ہی دیکھا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The verse 102 has said, "And We did not find with most of them any covenant (unbroken)." The Companion ` Abdullah ibn Abbas ؓ has said that the covenant referred to in this verse is the Covenant called . That is, the covenant that Allah made with the spirits of all the creatures before creating them...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We did not find in most of them that is people any covenant that is any loyalty to a covenant from the day the pledge was made. Nay wa-in in is softened We found that most of them were indeed wicked.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): تِلْكَ الْقُرَى نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ (Those were the towns that We relate to you) O Muhammad, مِنْ أَنبَآئِهَا (their story), and news, وَلَقَدْ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ (And there came indeed to them their Messengers with clear proofs,) and evidences of the truth of what they brought them....

فَبَدَّلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ قَوْلًا غَيْرَ ٱلَّذِى قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَظْلِمُونَ

Fabaddalal lazeena zalamoo minhum qawlan ghairal lazee qeela lahum fa arsalnaa 'alaihim rijzam minas samaaa'i bimaa kaanoo yazlimoon

But those who wronged among them changed [the words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them. So We sent upon them a punishment from the sky for the wrong that they were doing.

مگر جو ان میں ظالم تھے انہوں نے اس لفظ کو جس کا ان کو حکم دیا گیا تھا بدل کر اس کی جگہ اور لفظ کہنا شروع کیا تو ہم نے ان پر آسمان سے عذاب بھیجا اس لیے کہ ظلم کرتے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The above verses have enumerated various favours that Allah bestowed upon the Israelites, and spoke of their deviation from the commands of Allah resulting in a heavenly punishment for their transgression. The translation of the verses given above is self explanatory and the relevant details have al...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But the evildoers among them substituted a saying other than that which had been said to them they said instead ‘A grain inside a hair’ and entered the gate dragging themselves on their rears. So We sent down upon them terror a chastisement from the heaven for their evildoing.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ أُمَّةٌ قَآئِمَةٌ يَتْلُونَ ءَايَـتِ اللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ الَّيْلِ وَهُمْ يَسْجُدُونَ (A party of the people of the Scripture stand for the right, they recite the verses of Allah during the hours of the night, prostrating themselves in prayer) 3:113, وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـب...

وَسْـَٔلْهُمْ عَنِ ٱلْقَرْيَةِ ٱلَّتِى كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ ٱلْبَحْرِ إِذْ يَعْدُونَ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ إِذْ تَأْتِيهِمْ حِيتَانُهُمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا وَيَوْمَ لَا يَسْبِتُونَ لَا تَأْتِيهِمْ كَذَٰلِكَ نَبْلُوهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْسُقُونَ

Was'alhum 'anil qaryatil latee kaanat haadiratal bahri iz ya'doona fis Sabt iz taateehim heetaanuhum yawma Sabtihim shurra'anw wa yawma laa yasbitoona laa taateehim; kazaalika nabloohum bimaa kaanoo yafsuqoon

And ask them about the town that was by the sea - when they transgressed in [the matter of] the sabbath - when their fish came to them openly on their sabbath day, and the day they had no sabbath they did not come to them. Thus did We give them trial because they were defiantly disobedient.

اور ان سے اس گاؤں کا حال تو پوچھو جب لب دریا واقع تھا۔ جب یہ لوگ ہفتے کے دن کے بارے میں حد سے تجاوز کرنے لگے (یعنی) اس وقت کہ ان کے ہفتے کے دن مچھلیاں ان کے سامنے پانی کے اوپر آتیں اور جب ہفتے کا دن نہ ہوتا تو نہ آتیں۔ اسی طرح ہم ان لوگوں کو ان کی نافرمانیوں کے سبب آزمائش میں ڈالنے لگے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The detailed discussion of the events contained in the above verses have been produced in Surah Al-Baqarah (under verses 58-60). Those interested may refer to those verses for details. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has been asked to warn the Israelites present in his time by reminding them the events related i...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And question them O Muhammad (s) in rebuke about the city that was by the sea bordering the Red Sea bahr al-qulzum and this was Eilat about what befell its inhabitants how they would transgress violate the Sabbath by fishing which they had been commanded not to do on that day; how idh is an adverbia...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews transgress the Sanctity of the Sabbath This Ayah explains Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَواْ مِنكُمْ فِى السَّبْتِ (And indeed you knew those among you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath..) 2:65 Allah says to His Prophet here, وَسْئَلْهُمْ (And ask them) ...

فَلَمَّا عَتَوْا۟ عَن مَّا نُهُوا۟ عَنْهُ قُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا۟ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ

Falammaa 'ataw 'ammmaa nuhoo 'anhu qulna lahum kkoonoo qiradatan khaasi'een

So when they were insolent about that which they had been forbidden, We said to them, "Be apes, despised."

غرض جن اعمال (بد) سے ان کو منع کیا گیا تھا جب وہ ان (پراصرار اور ہمارے حکم سے) گردن کشی کرنے لگے تو ہم نے ان کو حکم دیا کہ ذلیل بندر ہوجاؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The detailed discussion of the events contained in the above verses have been produced in Surah Al-Baqarah (under verses 58-60). Those interested may refer to those verses for details. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has been asked to warn the Israelites present in his time by reminding them the events related i...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when they disdained to desist from that which was prohibited to them We said to them ‘Be apes despised!’ abased and they became so this is an explication of what preceded with regard to the details of their ‘grievous chastisement’. Ibn ‘Abbās said ‘I do not know what befell the group that abstai...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Those Who breached the Sabbath were turned into Monkeys, butThose Who prohibited Their Actions were saved Allah said that the people of this village were divided into three groups, a group that committed the prohibition, catching fish on the Sabbath, as we described in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah...

قُلْ أَنفِقُوا۟ طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا لَّن يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ قَوْمًا فَٰسِقِينَ

Qul anfiqoo taw'an aw karhal lany yutaqabbala min kum innakum kuntum qawman faasiqeen

Say, "Spend willingly or unwillingly; never will it be accepted from you. Indeed, you have been a defiantly disobedient people."

کہہ دو کہ تم (مال) خوشی سے خرچ کرو یا ناخوشی سے تم سے ہرگز قبول نہیں کیا جائے گا تم نافرمان لوگ ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The tenth verse (52), while mentioning the charming demeanor of the man of true faith, has given an answer to hypocrites delighted over the discomfort of Muslims. According to the man of true faith, the thing that hypocrites take as suffering for Muslims and which makes them happy is really no suffe...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Say ‘Expend in obedience to God willingly or unwillingly it what you expend shall not be accepted from you; you are surely a wicked folk’ the imperative statement here also functions as a predicate.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): قُلْ (Say), O Muhammad to them, هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَآ (Do you wait for us), anything, إِلاَ إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ (except one of the two best things), martyrdom or victory over you, according to the meaning given by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, and others. وَنَحْنُ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمْ (while we ...

ٱلْمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلْمُنَٰفِقَٰتُ بَعْضُهُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ يَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ نَسُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ هُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ

Almunaafiqoona wal munaafiqaatu ba'duhum mim ba'd; yaamuroona bilmunkari wa yanhawna 'anil ma'roofi wa yaqbidoona aidiyahum; nasul laaha fanasiyahum; innal munaafiqeena humul faasiqoon

The hypocrite men and hypocrite women are of one another. They enjoin what is wrong and forbid what is right and close their hands. They have forgotten Allah, so He has forgotten them [accordingly]. Indeed, the hypocrites - it is they who are the defiantly disobedient.

منافق مرد اور منافق عورتیں ایک دوسرے کے ہم جنس (یعنی ایک طرح کے) ہیں کہ برے کام کرنے کو کہتے اور نیک کاموں سے منع کرتے اور (خرچ کرنے سے) ہاتھ بند کئے رہتے ہیں۔ انہوں نے خدا کو بھلا دیا تو خدا نے ان کو بھلا دیا۔ بےشک منافق نافرمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The first verse begins with a profile of the hypocrites. One of the expressions used there: يَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ (and they withhold their hands) has been explained in Tafsir al-Qurtubi as abandonment of Jihad and non-compliance of obligatory rights and duties. Then, the sentence that ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The hypocrites both men and women are of one another that is they resemble one another in religion as pieces of an individual entity they enjoin indecency unbelief and acts of disobedience and forbid decency faith and obedience; and they withhold their hands shut from expending in obedience of God; ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Other Characteristics of Hypocrites Allah admonishes the hypocrites who, unlike the believers, who enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ (they enjoin evil, and forbid the good, and they close their hands), from spendi...

وَتِلْكَ عَادٌ جَحَدُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَصَوْا۟ رُسُلَهُۥ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓا۟ أَمْرَ كُلِّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ

Wa tilka 'aad, jahadoo bi Aayaati Rabbihim wa 'asaw Rusulahoo wattaba'ooo amra kulli jabbaarin 'aneed

And that was 'Aad, who rejected the signs of their Lord and disobeyed His messengers and followed the order of every obstinate tyrant.

یہ (وہی) عاد ہیں جنہوں نے خدا کی نشانیوں سے انکار کیا اور اس کے پیغمبروں کی نافرمانی کی اور ہر متکبر وسرکش کا کہا مانا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: After that, the next eight verses (61-68) carry the story of Sayyidna Salih peace be upon him. He was sent to the people of Thamud, another branch of the tribe of ` Ad. He too invited his people to believe in Tauhid, the Oneness of Allah. As customary, his people belied him and insisted that he must...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And that was ‘Ād — this is an allusion to their remains; in other words go forth in the land and look at these remains. God then describes their case saying they knowingly denied the signs of their Lord and disobeyed His messengers rusulahu is in the plural because when a person disobeys a messenger...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): وَيَسْتَخْلِفُ رَبِّى قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ (My Lord will make another people succeed you, ) This refers to a group of people who will worship Allah alone, without associating anything with Him. This also implies that the polytheists do not bother Allah and they do not harm Him in the least with their ...

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مِيثَٰقِهِۦ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوٓءُ ٱلدَّارِ

Wallazeena yanqudoona 'Ahdal laahi mim ba'di meesaaqihee wa yaqta'oona maaa amaral laahu biheee ai yoosala wa yufsidoona fil ardi ulaaa'ika lahumul la'natu wa lahum sooo'ud daar

But those who break the covenant of Allah after contracting it and sever that which Allah has ordered to be joined and spread corruption on earth - for them is the curse, and they will have the worst home.

اور جو لوگ خدا سے عہد واثق کر کے اس کو توڑ ڈالتے اور (رشتہ ہائے قرابت) کے جوڑے رکھنے کا خدا نے حکم دیا ہے ان کو قطع کر دیتے ہیں اور ملک میں فساد کرتے ہیں۔ ایسوں پر لعنت ہے اور ان کے لیے گھر بھی برا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary At the beginning of the section, human beings were divided into two kinds - those who are obedient to Allah Ta’ ala and those who are disobedient to Him. Then, enumerated there were some attributes and signs of the obedient servants of Allah and mention was made of the best of rewards for...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And those who break God’s covenant after pledging it and sever what God has commanded should be cemented and work corruption in the earth through unbelief and acts of disobedience theirs shall be the curse banishment from God’s mercy and theirs shall be the awful abode the awful sequel in the abode ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Characteristics of the Wretched Ones which will lead to the Curse and the Evil Home This is the destination of the Wretched ones and these are their characteristics. Allah mentioned their end in the Hereafter, to contrast the end that the believers earned, since their characteristics were to the opp...

وَإِذَآ أَرَدْنَآ أَن نُّهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا۟ فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيْهَا ٱلْقَوْلُ فَدَمَّرْنَٰهَا تَدْمِيرًا

Wa izaaa aradnaaa an nuhlika qaryatan amarnaa mutrafeehaa fafasaqoo feehaa fahaqqa 'alaihal qawlu fadammarnaahaa tadmeeraa

And when We intend to destroy a city, We command its affluent but they defiantly disobey therein; so the word comes into effect upon it, and We destroy it with [complete] destruction.

اور جب ہمارا ارادہ کسی بستی کے ہلاک کرنے کا ہوا تو وہاں کے آسودہ لوگوں کو (فواحش پر) مامور کردیا تو وہ نافرمانیاں کرتے رہے۔ پھر اس پر (عذاب کا) حکم ثابت ہوگیا۔ اور ہم نے اسے ہلاک کر ڈالا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence Previous verses said that it is the customary practice of Allah Ta` ala that he does not send punishment upon a people until the commandments of Allah reach them through the blessed prophets which they still refuse to obey. Given in the verses cited above is what happens on the other side w...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when We desire to destroy a town We command its affluent ones those inhabitants of its who enjoy the graces of God meaning its leaders We command them to obedience by the tongue of Our messengers; but they fall into immorality therein rebelling against Our command and so the Word is justified co...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Meanings of Amarna The commentators differed over the meaning of this word. It was said that the phrase translated here as "Amarna those who live luxuriously. Then, they transgress therein" means, "We send Our decree upon them" as Allah says elsewhere: أَتَاهَآ أَمْرُنَا لَيْلاً أَوْ نَهَارًا (Our d...

كُلُوا۟ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقْنَٰكُمْ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا۟ فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِى وَمَن يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِى فَقَدْ هَوَىٰ

Kuloo min taiyibaati maa razaqnaakum wa laa tatghaw feehi fa yahilla 'alaikum ghadabee wa mai yahlil 'alaihi ghadabee faqad hawaa

[Saying], "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you and do not transgress [or oppress others] therein, lest My anger should descend upon you. And he upon whom My anger descends has certainly fallen."

(اور حکم دیا کہ) جو پاکیزہ چیزیں ہم نے تم کو دی ہیں ان کو کھاؤ۔ اور اس میں حد سے نہ نکلنا۔ ورنہ تم پر میرا غضب نازل ہوگا۔ اور جس پر میرا غضب نازل ہوا وہ ہلاک ہوگیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَوَاعَدْنَاكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ‌ الْأَيْمَنَ (And appointed for you the right side of the mount Tur. (20:80) ) After their deliverance from the threat of the Pharaoh, and when they were safe across the river, Allah made a promise to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and through him to the Bani Isra'il t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: ‘Eat of the good things We have provided you that is to say of that which has been bestowed on you as a grace from God but do not transgress regarding it by being ungrateful for the grace thereof lest My wrath descend on you if read fa-yahilla it means ‘lest it My wrath become incumbent upon you’; o...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): A Reminder for the Children of Israel of Allah's Favors upon Them Allah reminds of His tremendous favors upon the Children of Israel and His numerous blessings. He saved them from their enemy, Fir`awn, and He relieved their eyes by drowning him and his hosts all at one time while they watched. Allah...

فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِۦ غَضْبَٰنَ أَسِفًا قَالَ يَٰقَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا أَفَطَالَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْعَهْدُ أَمْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن يَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُم مَّوْعِدِى

Faraja's Moosaaa ilaa qawmihee ghadbaana asifaa; qaala yaa qawmi alam ya'idkum Rabbukum wa'dan hasanaa; afataala 'alaikumul 'ahdu am arattum ai yahilla 'alaikum ghadabum mir Rabbikum fa akhlaftum maw'idee

So Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved. He said, "O my people, did your Lord not make you a good promise? Then, was the time [of its fulfillment] too long for you, or did you wish that wrath from your Lord descend upon you, so you broke your promise [of obedience] to me?"

اور موسیٰ غصّے اور غم کی حالت میں اپنی قوم کے پاس واپس آئے (اور) کہنے لگے کہ اے قوم کیا تمہارے پروردگار نے تم سے ایک اچھا وعدہ نہیں کیا تھا؟ کیا (میری جدائی کی) مدت تمہیں دراز (معلوم) ہوئی یا تم نے چاہا کہ تم پر تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے غضب نازل ہو۔ اور (اس لئے) تم نے مجھ سے جو وعدہ کیا تھا (اس کے) خلاف کیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَ‌بُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا (Did your Lord not promise you a good promise? - 20:86) Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) returned to his people full of sorrow and anger. First of all he reminded them of the promise which Allah had made to them that He would give them a Book for their guidanc...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Thereupon Moses returned to his people angry with them and sad extremely grieved. He said ‘O my people did not your Lord promise you a fair promise? that is a true promise that He will give you the Torah? Did the period the length of my absence from you seem too long for you or did you desire that w...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa goes to the Appointment with Allah and the Children of Israel succumb to worship the Calf Allah relates what happened when Musa traveled with the Children of Israel after Fir`awn's destruction. فَأَتَوْاْ عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَى أَصْنَامٍ لَّهُمْ قَالُواْ يَمُوسَى اجْعَلْ لَّنَآ إِلَـهًا...

فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْءَٰتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ وَعَصَىٰٓ ءَادَمُ رَبَّهُۥ فَغَوَىٰ

Fa akalaa minhaa fabadat lahumaa saw aatuhumaa wa tafiqaa yakhsifaani 'alaihimaa minw waraqil jannah; wa 'asaaa Aadamu Rabbahoo faghawaa

And Adam and his wife ate of it, and their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred.

تو دونوں نے اس درخت کا پھل کھا لیا تو ان پر ان کی شرمگاہیں ظاہر ہوگئیں اور وہ اپنے (بدنوں) پر بہشت کے پتّے چپکانے لگے۔ اور آدم نے اپنے پروردگار کے حکم خلاف کیا تو (وہ اپنے مطلوب سے) بےراہ ہو گئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَىٰ شَجَرَ‌ةِ الْخُلْدِ وَمُلْكٍ لَّا يَبْلَىٰ ﴿120﴾ فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَ‌قِ الْجَنَّةِ ۚ وَعَصَىٰ آدَمُ رَ‌بَّهُ فَغَوَىٰ (Then the Shaitan instigated him...And '...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So both of them Adam and Eve ate of it and their shameful parts were exposed to them that is the front private part of each became visible to the other as well as the other’s behind — both of these parts are called saw’a ‘shame’ because its exposure ‘shames’ yasū’u that person; and they began to pie...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Story of Adam and Iblis Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Verily, man was named Insan only because he was given a covenant, but he forgot it (Nasiya)." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported the same from Ibn `Abbas. Mujahid and Al-Hasan said that he forgot means, "He abandoned it." Concerning...

وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَٰهُم بِٱلْعَذَابِ فَمَا ٱسْتَكَانُوا۟ لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ

Wa laqad akhaznaahum bil'azaabi famastakaanoo li Rabbihim wa maa yatadarra'oon

And We had gripped them with suffering [as a warning], but they did not yield to their Lord, nor did they humbly supplicate, [and will continue thus]

اور ہم نے ان کو عذاب میں پکڑا تو بھی انہوں نے خدا کے آگے عاجزی نہ کی اور وہ عاجزی کرتے ہی نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَاهُم بِالْعَذَابِ فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَ‌بِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّ‌عُونَ And We have already seized them with punishment, but they did not turn humble to their Lord, nor do they supplicate in humility. (23:76) In the preceding verse it has been stated that when the unbelievers are su...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We have already seized them with chastisement with hunger yet they did not humble themselves to their Lord nor did they devote themselves to prayer nor did they seek the pleasure of God through supplication.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَـهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ (And indeed We seized them with punishment,) means, `We tried and tested them with difficulties and calamities.' His saying: فَمَا اسْتَكَانُواْ لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ (but they humbled not themselves to their Lord, nor did they invoke with submission to...

ٱسْلُكْ يَدَكَ فِى جَيْبِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوٓءٍ وَٱضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ ٱلرَّهْبِ فَذَٰنِكَ بُرْهَٰنَانِ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَإِي۟هِۦٓ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَوْمًا فَٰسِقِينَ

Usluk yadaka fee jaibika takhruj baidaaa'a min ghairi sooo'inw wadmum ilaika janaahaka minar rahbi fazaanika burhaanaani mir Rabbika ilaa Fiw'awna wa mala'ih; innahum kaanoo qawman faasiqeen

Insert your hand into the opening of your garment; it will come out white, without disease. And draw in your arm close to you [as prevention] from fear, for those are two proofs from your Lord to Pharaoh and his establishment. Indeed, they have been a people defiantly disobedient."

اپنا ہاتھ گریبان میں ڈالو تو بغیر کسی عیب کے سفید نکل آئے گا اور خوف دور ہونے (کی وجہ) سے اپنے بازو کو اپنی طرف سیکڑلو۔ یہ دو دلیلیں تمہارے پروردگار کی طرف سے ہیں (ان کے ساتھ) فرعون اور اس کے درباریوں کے پاس جاؤ کہ وہ نافرمان لوگ ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: نُودِيَ مِن شَاطِئِ الْوَادِ الْأَيْمَنِ فِي الْبُقْعَةِ الْمُبَارَ‌كَةِ مِنَ الشَّجَرَ‌ةِ أَن يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّـهُ رَ‌بُّ الْعَالَمِينَ He was called by a voice coming from a side of the right valley in the blessed ground, from the tree, saying" 0 Musa, I am Allah, the Lord of the worl...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Insert your right hand meaning the palm into your bosom jayb is the neck area of the shirt and then take it out and it will emerge not in its usual skin colour but white without any blemish any vestige of leprosy. So he inserted it and took it out and it shone as bright as the sun blinding the eyes;...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa's Return to Egypt and how he was honored with the Mission and Miracles on the Way In the explanation of the previous Ayah, we have already seen that Musa completed the longer and better of the two terms, which may also be understood from the Ayah where Allah says: فَلَمَّا قَضَى مُوسَى الاٌّجَل...

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ ٱتَّبَعُوا۟ مَآ أَسْخَطَ ٱللَّهَ وَكَرِهُوا۟ رِضْوَٰنَهُۥ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَٰلَهُمْ

Zaalika bi annahumut taba'oo maaa askhatal laaha wa karihoo ridwaanahoo fa ahbata a'maalahum

That is because they followed what angered Allah and disliked [what earns] His pleasure, so He rendered worthless their deeds.

یہ اس لئے کہ جس چیز سے خدا ناخوش ہے یہ اس کے پیچھے چلے اور اس کی خوشنودی کو اچھا نہ سمجھے تو اُس نے بھی ان کے عملوں کو برباد کر دیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: الشَّيْطَانُ سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ وَأَمْلَىٰ لَهُمْ (it is Satan who has tempted them and involved them in far-fetched fancies. - 47:25). In this sentence, two acts have been ascribed to the devil: - taswil [ meaning the act of decking out evil works fair to some people, and imla' meaning the act of givin...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: That taking of them away in the state mentioned is because they followed what angers God and because they were averse to what pleases Him that is to say they were averse to doing what pleases Him. Therefore He has made their works fail.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command to reflect upon the Qur'an Commanding the people to reflect and ponder upon the Qur'an, and prohibiting them from turning away from it, Allah says, أَفَلاَ يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْءَانَ أَمْ عَلَى قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَآ (Will they not then reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon the...

فَعَتَوْا۟ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ ٱلصَّٰعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ

Fa'ataw 'an amri Rabbihim fa akhazal humus saa'iqatu wa hum yanzuroon

But they were insolent toward the command of their Lord, so the thunderbolt seized them while they were looking on.

تو انہوں نے اپنے پروردگار کے حکم سے سرکشی کی۔ سو ان کو کڑک نے آ پکڑا اور وہ دیکھ رہے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: After the mention of the people of Lut (علیہ السلام) ، the people of Musa (علیہ السلام) ، Fir'aun and others are taken up briefly. When Musa (علیہ السلام) delivered the message of truth to Fir'aun, the latter reacted thus: فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُ‌كْنِهِ (So he turned away along with his chiefs,...51:39) Th...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then they defied they scorned the command of their Lord refraining from implementing it; so the thunderbolt that is the destructive cry seized them after the three days had passed as they were looking around in other words it seized them in the daytime.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Lessons from the Destruction of Fir`awn, `Ad, Thamud, and the People of Nuh Allah the Exalted said, وَفِى مُوسَى إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَـهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَـنٍ مُّبِينٍ (And in Musa, when We sent him to Fir`awn with a manifest authority.) meaning, with clear proof and plain evidence, فَتَوَلَّى بِر...

فَنَادَوْا۟ صَاحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَىٰ فَعَقَرَ

Fanaadaw saahibahum fata'aataa fa'aqar

But they called their companion, and he dared and hamstrung [her].

تو ان لوگوں نے اپنے رفیق کو بلایا اور اس نے (اونٹنی کو پکڑ کر اس کی) کونچیں کاٹ ڈالیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Lexicological Analysis The word سُعُر su'ur has appeared twice in this Surah. First it has appeared in verse 24 in connection with the people of Thamud where it is their own word, and means 'madness or insanity'. The second time, the word appears in connection with the punishment of the sinners wher...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But they called their companion Qudār to slay it so he took he drew his sword and he hamstrung with it the She-camel in other words he slew her in compliance with their wish.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Story of Thamud Allah states here that the people of Thamud denied their Messenger Salih, فَقَالُواْ أَبَشَراً مِّنَّا وَحِداً نَّتَّبِعُهُ إِنَّآ إِذاً لَّفِى ضَلَـلٍ وَسُعُرٍ (And they said: "A man, alone among us -- shall we follow him Truly, then we should be in error and distress!") They sa...

وَكَانُوا۟ يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى ٱلْحِنثِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ

Wa kaanoo yusirroona 'alal hinsil 'azeem

And they used to persist in the great violation,

اور گناہ عظیم پر اڑے ہوئے تھے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: ثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ الْآخِرِ‌ينَ (many from the earlier generations, and many from the later ones....56:39-40) In connection with sabiqun, (the Foremost) two views of the commentators were quoted earlier as to the identity of 'the earlier' and the 'later' generations. If 'the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: and they used to persist in the great sin namely idolatry.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Those on the Left and Their Recompense After Allah mentioned the condition of those on the right hand, He then mentioned the condition of those on the left hand, وَأَصْحَـبُ الشِّمَالِ مَآ أَصْحَـبُ الشِّمَالِ (And those on the left How will be those on the left) meaning, `What is the condition of t...

أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Alam yaani laillzeena aamanooo an takhsha'a quloo buhum lizikril laahi wa maa nazala minal haqqi wa laa yakoonoo kallazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablu fataala 'alaihimul amadu faqasat quloobuhum wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon

Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.

کیا ابھی تک مومنوں کے لئے اس کا وقت نہیں آیا کہ خدا کی یاد کرنے کے وقت اور (قرآن) جو (خدائے) برحق (کی طرف) سے نازل ہوا ہے اس کے سننے کے وقت ان کے دل نرم ہوجائیں اور وہ ان لوگوں کی طرف نہ ہوجائیں جن کو (ان سے) پہلے کتابیں دی گئی تھیں۔ پھر ان پر زمان طویل گزر گیا تو ان کے دل سخت ہوگئے۔ اور ان میں سے اکثر نافرمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ‌ اللَّـهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ (Has the time not yet come for those who believe that their hearts should be humble for the remembrance of Allah and for the truth that has descended [ through revelation ]?...57:16) The phrase kh...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Is it not time for those who believe — this was revealed concerning the matter of the Companions of the Prophet who had been overindulging in jest that their hearts should be humbled to the remembrance of God and to what has been revealed read as nuzzila; or read nazala ‘what has come down’ of the t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): meaning, it is the worthy shelter for you rather than any other residence, because of your disbelief and doubt, and how evil is the Fire for Final Destination. Encouraging Khushu` and the Prohibition of imitating the People of the Scriptures Allah asks, `Has not the time come for the believers to fe...

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا وَإِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا ٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَٱلْكِتَٰبَ فَمِنْهُم مُّهْتَدٍ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Wa laqad arsalnaa Noohanw wa Ibraaheema wa ja'alnaa fee zurriyyatihiman nubuwwata wal Kitaaba faminhum muhtad; wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon

And We have already sent Noah and Abraham and placed in their descendants prophethood and scripture; and among them is he who is guided, but many of them are defiantly disobedient.

اور ہم نے نوح اور ابراہیم کو (پیغمبر بنا کر) بھیجا اور ان کی اولاد میں پیغمبری اور کتاب (کے سلسلے) کو (وقتاً فوقتاً جاری) رکھا تو بعض تو ان میں سے ہدایت پر ہیں۔ اور اکثر ان میں سے خارج از اطاعت ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Many of the Nations of the Prophets (علیہم السلام) were Rebellious In the preceding verses it was mentioned that in order to give guidance to the world and to establish justice therein, Allah sent His Messengers and revealed to them the divine books and set up Balance. The current verses give specif...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And verily We sent Noah and Abraham and We ordained among their seed prophethood and the Scripture meaning the four Books the Torah the Gospel the Psalms and the Furqān all of which have been revealed among the seed of Abraham; and some of them are rightly guided and many of them are immoral.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Many of the Nations of the Prophets were Rebellious Allah the Exalted states that since He sent Nuh, peace be upon him, all the Prophets and Messengers He sent after that were from his offspring. All the revealed Divine Books and all the Messengers that received revelation after Ibrahim, Allah's Kha...

ثُمَّ قَفَّيْنَا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم بِرُسُلِنَا وَقَفَّيْنَا بِعِيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَءَاتَيْنَٰهُ ٱلْإِنجِيلَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ٱبْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَٰهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَآءَ رِضْوَٰنِ ٱللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا فَـَٔاتَيْنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Summa qaffainaa 'alaa aasaarihim bi Rusulinaa wa qaffainaa be 'Eesab ni Maryama wa aatainaahul Injeela wa ja'alnaa fee quloobil lazeenat taba' oohu raafatanw wa rahmatanw wa rahbaaniyyatanib tada' oohaa maa katanaahaa 'alaihim illab tighaaa'a ridwaanil laahi famaa ra'awhaa haqqa ri'aayatihaa fa aatainal lazeena aamanoo minhum ajrahum wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon

Then We sent following their footsteps Our messengers and followed [them] with Jesus, the son of Mary, and gave him the Gospel. And We placed in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy and monasticism, which they innovated; We did not prescribe it for them except [that they did so] seeking the approval of Allah. But they did not observe it with due observance. So We gave the ones who believed among them their reward, but many of them are defiantly disobedient.

پھر ان کے پیچھے انہی کے قدموں پر (اور) پیغمبر بھیجے اور ان کے پیچھے مریمؑ کے بیٹے عیسیٰ کو بھیجا اور ان کو انجیل عنایت کی۔ اور جن لوگوں نے ان کی پیروی کی ان کے دلوں میں شفقت اور مہربانی ڈال دی۔ اور لذات سے کنارہ کشی کی تو انہوں نے خود ایک نئی بات نکال لی ہم نے ان کو اس کا حکم نہیں دیا تھا مگر (انہوں نے اپنے خیال میں) خدا کی خوشنودی حاصل کرنے کے لئے (آپ ہی ایسا کرلیا تھا) پھر جیسا اس کو نباہنا چاہیئے تھا نباہ بھی نہ سکے۔ پس جو لوگ ان میں سے ایمان لائے ان کو ہم نے ان کا اجر دیا اور ان میں بہت سے نافرمان ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: . After specific mention of these two Prophets, the whole chain of prophets is referred to by the words, ثُمَّ قَفَّيْنَا عَلَىٰ آثَارِ‌هِم بِرُ‌سُلِنَا "Then We made Our messengers follow them one after the other". Lastly ` Isa (علیہ السلام) has been specifically mentioned, as he was the last among...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then We sent to follow in their footsteps Our messengers and We sent to follow Jesus son of Mary and We gave him the Gospel and We placed in the hearts of those who followed him kindness and mercy. But as for monasticism namely abstention from women and seclusion in monasteries they invented it an i...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Many of the Nations of the Prophets were Rebellious Allah the Exalted states that since He sent Nuh, peace be upon him, all the Prophets and Messengers He sent after that were from his offspring. All the revealed Divine Books and all the Messengers that received revelation after Ibrahim, Allah's Kha...

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ فِى ٱلْأَذَلِّينَ

Innal lazeena yuhaaaddoonal laaha wa Rasoolahooo ulaaa'ika fil azalleen

Indeed, the ones who oppose Allah and His Messenger - those will be among the most humbled.

جو لوگ خدا اور اس کے رسول کی مخالفت کرتے ہیں وہ نہایت ذلیل ہوں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Chastising the Hypocrites for their Secret Alliance with the Jews أَلَمْ تَرَ‌ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْهِم (Have you not seen those who have friendship with a people with whom Allah is angry? ....58:14) Allah condemns the hypocrites who secretly formed an ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Indeed those who oppose God and His Messenger — they will be among the most abased the vanquished.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers Allah and His Messenger shall prevail Allah the Exalted asserts that the rebellious and stubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger , those who do not embrace the religion and stay away from Truth, are in one area, while the guidance i...

مَّنَّاعٍ لِّلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ

Mannaa'il lilkhairi mu'tadin aseem

A preventer of good, transgressing and sinful,

مال میں بخل کرنے والا حد سے بڑھا ہوا بدکار

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: لَا تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلَّافٍ مَّهِينٍ ﴿10﴾ هَمَّازٍ مَّشَّاءٍ بِنَمِيمٍ ﴿11﴾ مَّنَّاعٍ لِّلْخَيْرِ‌ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ ﴿12﴾ عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ زَنِيمٍ ﴿13﴾ (And do not obey any contemptible one who swears much, a slanderer who goes about with calumnies, one who prevents good, [ and who is ] transgres...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: hinderer of good niggardly with his wealth against deserving causes sinful transgressor wrongdoer
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Prohibition of giving in to the Pressure of the Disbelievers and Their Suggestions, and that They like to meet in the Middle of the Path Allah says, `just as We have favored you and given you the upright legislation and great (standard of) character,' فَلاَ تُطِعِ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ - وَدُّواْ لَوْ تُد...

فَعَصَوْا۟ رَسُولَ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَهُمْ أَخْذَةً رَّابِيَةً

Fa'ansaw Rasoola Rabbihim fa akhazahum akhzatar raabiyah

And they disobeyed the messenger of their Lord, so He seized them with a seizure exceeding [in severity].

انہوں نے اپنے پروردگار کے پیغمبر کی نافرمانی کی تو خدا نے بھی ان کو بڑا سخت پکڑا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ (seven nights and eight consecutive days'... 69:7). According to some of the narratives, the punishment of windstorm started on Wednesday morning, and lasted till the following Wednesday evening. In this way, it makes up eight days and seven nights. The word hus...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then they disobeyed the messenger of their Lord namely Lot and others so He seized them with a devastating blow one surpassing others in its severity.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Warning concerning the Greatness of the Day of Judgement Al-Haqqah is one of the names of the Day of Judgement, because during it the promise and the threat will inevitably...

قَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِى وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ مَن لَّمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُۥ وَوَلَدُهُۥٓ إِلَّا خَسَارًا

Qaala Noohur Robbi innahum 'asawnee wattaba'oo mal lam yazid hu maaluhoo wa waladuhooo illaa khasaara

Noah said, "My Lord, indeed they have disobeyed me and followed him whose wealth and children will not increase him except in loss.

(اس کے بعد) نوح نے عرض کی کہ میرے پروردگار! یہ لوگ میرے کہنے پر نہیں چلے اور ایسوں کے تابع ہوئے جن کو ان کے مال اور اولاد نے نقصان کے سوا کچھ فائدہ نہیں دیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: لَمْ تَرَ‌وْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّـهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ‌ فِيهِنَّ نُورً‌ا (Did you not see how Allah has created seven heavens one upon another, and has made the moon a light therein? ....71:15-16) These verses are adduced as proof positive of Divine Oneness and His power....
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Noah said ‘My Lord they have disobeyed me and followed that is the riffraff and the paupers among them have followed those whose wealth and children namely their leaders who have been blessed with such things read wulduhu or waladuhu ‘whose children’ the first of which is said to be the plural of wa...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Nuh complains to His Lord about His People's Response Allah says that Nuh turned to Allah to inform Allah - the All Knowing from Whom nothing escapes - that he presented the clear call, as mentioned previously, and the comprehensive invitation in various ways. He called them sometimes by encourageme...

فَكَذَّبَ وَعَصَىٰ

Fa kazzaba wa asaa.

But Pharaoh denied and disobeyed.

مگر اس نے جھٹلایا اور نہ مانا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The fifth quality of the angels: فَالْمُدَبِّرَ‌اتِ أَمْرً‌ا (then manage [ to do ] everything [ they are ordered to do,]...79:5). In other words, the last task of these angels of death will be as follows: Those who are commanded to reward and comfort the deserving souls, will gather means of reward...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But he Pharaoh denied Moses and disobeyed God exalted be He.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Mentioning the Story of Musa and that it is a Lesson for Those Who fear Allah Allah informs His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ about His Messenger Musa. He mentions that he sent Musa to Fir`awn and He aided him with miracles. Yet, even after this, Fir`awn continued in his disbelief and transgression until All...

كَلَّآ إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ لَيَطْغَىٰٓ

Kallaa innal insaana layatghaa

No! [But] indeed, man transgresses

مگر انسان سرکش ہو جاتا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Verses [ 6-7] كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ أَن رَّ‌آهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ (The fact is that man crosses the limits, because he deems himself to be free of need.) Although the verse immediately refers to a particular person, namely, Abu Jahl who insulted the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، the statement is general ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Nay but verily man is wont to be rebellious
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Threat against Man's Transgression for the sake of Wealth Allah informs that man is very pleased, most evil, scornful and transgressive when he considers himself self-sufficient and having an abundance of wealth. Then Allah threatens, warns and admonishes him in His saying, إِنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ ا...

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