By the chargers the steeds that charge in attack and snort with a snorting — this being the name of the sound which they emit from inside them when they charge;

by the strikers the steeds that strike fire by way of sparks with their hoofs when they gallop across rocky terrain by night;

by the dawn-raiders the steeds that make raids against the enemy at dawn at the hands of their riders

raising stirring up therein in the place of their charge or at that time of dawn a trail of dust by the power of their movement

cleaving therewith with the dust a host of the enemy that is to say cutting right into their centre! the verb is supplemented to the noun in the above instances because it serves to explain the verbal action in other words wa’llātī ‘adawna fa-awrayna fa-agharna ‘by those that charge then strike sparks then raid’.

Verily man the disbeliever is ungrateful to his Lord thankless denying the reality of His graces exalted be He

and verily to that ingratitude of his he is a witness bearing witness against himself to his own actions.

And verily in the love of wealth he is avid and is therefore niggardly with it.

Does he not know that when that which is in the graves in the way of the dead is strewn when it is turned over and brought out that is to say that when they are raised

and that which is in the breasts the hearts of disbelief or faith is obtained when it is revealed and examined

on that day their Lord will indeed be Aware of them Knower of them and will requite them for their disbelief the pronoun reverts to the plural because of the collective import of the term ‘man’; this sentence indicates the direct object of the verb ya‘lamu ‘does he not know’ that is to say ‘We will requite him at the time mentioned’; khabīrun ‘Aware’ is semantically connected to yawma’idhin ‘on that day’ even though in fact God is ever Aware because that is the Day of Requital.