Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Required (Wajib)The obligation of covering the head has been established by the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): 'Allah does not accept the prayer of a menstruating woman except with a head covering (khimar).'
Obligatory (Fard)Covering the awrah (private parts) is commanded.
Permissible (Mubah)One of them (opinions) is that covering them (the hands) is not obligatory.
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)They only disliked shaving with a razor (in certain contexts, likely in calamity as suggested by the preceding text).
Permissible (Mubah)It is not disliked to remove hair with scissors.
Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) forbade grooming (oiling and combing hair) except intermittently.
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)If the defect is removed, she gets back its compensation (arsh), because that was her dowry, so she gets it back, not the dowry of her peers.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for her to marry another husband.
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, it is permissible for him to marry without exercising ijtihad (taharri).
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden for a father to take from the wealth of one child to give it to another child.
Permissible (Mubah)A father is permitted to take from his child's wealth whatever he wishes and own it, whether the father is in need of what he takes or not, and whether the child is young or old.
Permissible (Mubah)If the guardian who took from the orphan's money was the father, he is not obligated to compensate for it, according to one narration, because a father may take from his child's money whatever he wishes, whether in need or not.
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Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)In the verse "Allah instructs you concerning your children" (regarding inheritance), it includes the children of sons but excludes the children of daughters. Similarly, in every instance where "children" is mentioned concerning inheritance and exclusion from inheritance, it refers to the children of sons, not the children of daughters.
Forbidden (Haram)If a woman makes a settlement concerning her rightful share (of inheritance, without knowing its extent), it is not valid.
Forbidden (Haram)Nothing should be bought from her (an heir) while she is ignorant, lest she thinks it is little while the other knows it is much. One should not buy until she knows and understands what it is.
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)However, a sale in which the son has an option, whether due to a condition, a defect in the price, or other reasons, prevents the father from reclaiming the gift.
Permissible (Mubah)As for manumission upon death (Tadbeer) and conditional manumission, their rulings do not remain in effect for the father, but if the property returns to the son, their rulings become valid again.
Permissible (Mubah)If the son's disposition was non-binding, such as a will or a gift before possession, it becomes void upon the father's reclamation.
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)If a woman comes from a Roman land with a child, and a man acknowledges the child, the child is attributed to him.
Required (Wajib)Then he is obligated to clarify.
Required (Wajib)his heir takes his place in clarifying.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And in his (the husband's) right, it is a valid khula.
Forbidden (Haram)It (Dhihar) is not permissible to perform.
Forbidden (Haram)Nor is agency permissible in it (Dhihar).
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And his lineage is not affirmed with him.
Required (Wajib)If he knew it was forbidden, then his child is a slave.
Required (Wajib)And the slave woman becomes Umm Walad (mother of his child).
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to marry off a waqf (endowed) slave girl.
Forbidden (Haram)If the one who had intercourse (under misapprehension) later owns her, she does not become an `umm walad` by that, according to the correct view of the madhhab.
This female slave (the pledged one) does not become an Umm Walad (mother of his child) for the mortgagee under any circumstances, whether he owned her after the birth or before it, and regardless of whether we rule the child to be a slave or free, because he impregnated her while she was not his property.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The maintenance of the child is upon his father because he is free.
Required (Wajib)The maintenance of the enslaved woman is upon her husband, because he is either a husband or a master, and both are a cause for the obligation of maintenance.
Permissible (Mubah)And the one inherited from is not obligated to provide maintenance for their heir.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A woman must not travel unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel for a day's journey unless she is accompanied by a mahram (unmarriageable kin).
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory that mahram status not be established for a disbeliever over a Muslim woman.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a woman is married, it is not permissible to hire her out for wet nursing unless with her husband's permission.
Required (Wajib)The wet nurse is obligated to eat and drink what will increase her milk production and improve its quality.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a man to hire out his slave woman, his mudabbara, his umm walad, one whose emancipation is conditional, and one permitted to engage in trade, for wet nursing.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And separate them (children) in beds.
Required (Wajib)And (it is commanded to) separate them (children) in beds upon reaching it (age ten).
Forbidden (Haram)[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz] wrote to his governors: 'Do not impose [obligations] except upon one who has reached fifteen years of age.'
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)A will is binding on the heir.
Forbidden (Haram)If he bequeathed it to an unspecified entity, such as the poor, it is not permissible for the executor to permit management [of the partnership share].
Permissible (Mubah)If the deceased had bequeathed the partnership money, or part of it, to a specific person, then the legatee is like the heir in what we have mentioned.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Required (Wajib)And it has been established that this day is from the month of Ramadan by the testimony of trustworthy people, so its fasting becomes obligatory upon all Muslims.
Required (Wajib)If someone vows to fast for a consecutive month without specifying it, and then falls ill during it, upon recovery, they should continue from where they left off, make up what they missed, and pay an expiation for an oath.
No expiation is obligatory for invalidating a voluntary or vowed fast.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)In the other narration, he makes up a full day, based on the condition of fasting for I'tikaf.
Required (Wajib)And Abu Hanifa said: the nights equal to the number of days become binding upon him, if it was in the manner of plural or dual, its like from the nights enters into it, and the days enter with the nights.
Permissible (Mubah)According to the statement of Al-Qadi, there is no expiation upon him (for exiting for an obligatory matter); because it is an obligation for the right of Allah Almighty, resembling exiting due to menstruation.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Rinsing the mouth does not break the fast, without any dispute, whether it is for purification or otherwise.
If he does it (tastes food) and finds its taste in his throat, his fast is broken; otherwise, it is not broken.
Permissible (Mubah)As for what occurs unintentionally – such as dust entering one's throat from the road, sifting flour, a fly entering one's throat, water being splashed onto him entering his ears, nose, or throat, or being thrown into water and it reaching his stomach, or water from rinsing entering his throat by accident, or something being poured into his throat or nose against his will, or his head or abdominal wound being treated against his will, or being cupped against his will, or a woman kissing him against his will causing ejaculation, or similar – it does not invalidate his fast, and we know of no disagreement on this.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he must feed a poor person for each day (he misses fasting).
If one is also unable to feed (the poor), then nothing is due from him.
Required (Wajib)One of them (the two views) is that one expiation suffices him. (This refers to having intercourse on two different days of Ramadan without prior expiation).
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Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)By analogy to this, (it is disliked to single out for fasting) every festival of the disbelievers, or a day they single out for veneration.
Forbidden (Haram)In summary, the days of Tashreeq are also prohibited from fasting.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to single out the day of Nowruz and Mihrajan for fasting.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to make up fasts during it (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Rather, it is recommended to perform make-up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who forbid voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Repeated looking (gazing) is disliked for someone whose lust is aroused by it, but not disliked for someone whose lust is not aroused by it, similar to kissing.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad and Ishaq considered it recommended (mustahabb) to avoid using the siwak in the afternoon (for a fasting person).
Discouraged (Makruh)It was narrated from him (Ahmad) that using a wet siwak stick (while fasting) is disliked.
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)Ibn Hamid said: That (intending it to be obligatory) is obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)If one specifies the intention for the fast of Ramadan, or its make-up, or an expiation, or a vow, they do not need to intend it to be obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the prohibition of hunting it (the solid black dog).
Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, if there is a mixture of Muslims and Magians (who slaughter), it is not permissible to purchase it (the meat) for that reason.
Permissible (Mubah)And if one compensates for it with a defective animal like it, it is permissible.
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Its dead (creatures) are lawful (to eat).
Permissible (Mubah)Its dead (creatures) are lawful.
Forbidden (Haram)One of the narrations is that it (liquid other than water) becomes impure by impurity, even if it is a large quantity, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about a mouse that fell into butter and said, 'If it is liquid, do not approach it.' This was narrated by Imam Ahmad.
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he preserved it, fed it, and watered it until its feathers grew back, there is no compensation upon him because the defect has gone, resembling when a wound heals.
There is no compensation upon him (who removes a small amount of hair during ihram, according to one view of Malik).
Required (Wajib)Ahl al-Ra'y said: One should give charity with something (for removing a small amount of hair during ihram), because there is no specific measure for it, so the minimum amount that can be called charity is obligatory.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A woman must not perform Hajj unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said to a man whose wife had gone for Hajj without him): 'Go and perform Hajj with your wife.'
Required (Wajib)What is used for Hajj and Umrah (on behalf of the deceased) should be taken from all of their wealth, because it is an established debt, so it is taken from all wealth, like a human debt.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Required (Wajib)And upon him is a sacrifice (dam) for shaving.
Required (Wajib)Thus, a sacrifice (dam) is obligatory upon him for shaving.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no disagreement among scholars that the sacrificial animal for Tamattu' Hajj is not obligatory for those who are residents of the Sacred Mosque.
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is nevertheless recommended for one who is able to purify himself not to perform Sa'i except in a state of purity.
Required (Wajib)If one abandons continuity in tawaf for a reason not previously mentioned, and the break is long, they must restart the tawaf. If the break is not long, they may continue from where they left off.
Required (Wajib)If one has a valid excuse that distracts him (from tawaf), he may continue. But if he interrupts it without an excuse or for his own personal need, he must restart the tawaf.
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)If someone appointed a proxy while hoping to be able to perform Hajj himself, and then became terminally ill, he must perform Hajj himself again.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a man to perform Hajj on behalf of another man or a woman, and for a woman to perform Hajj on behalf of another man or a woman, according to the general consensus of the scholars.
Discouraged (Makruh)Hasan bin Salih disliked a woman performing Hajj on behalf of a man.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The scholars are unanimous that trimming the hair is sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)One has a choice between shaving and trimming; whichever he does, it is sufficient according to most scholars.
Permissible (Mubah)The people of opinion said: For one who matted or braided their hair, they have a choice in every situation (between shaving and trimming).
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said: It is not permissible. (Referring to the scenario where a father acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)His acknowledgment was permissible (valid). (Referring to Sufyan's opinion on a father who acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to an heir, and that person then ceases to be an heir (e.g., a man acknowledges to his brother when he has no child, then a son is born to him), his acknowledgment to him is not valid.
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Some Shafi'i scholars said that the master is not obligated to ransom him.
Permissible (Mubah)The guarantee (for a limb) is valid.
Required (Wajib)Then he must pay one thousand and merely return the slave.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And harm cannot be repelled except by completely invalidating his admission.
Required (Wajib)If someone says, "I owe him a thousand, except fifty," then the excepted amount is dirhams, because Arabs do not make exceptions in affirmations except from the same genus.
Required (Wajib)The Muslim community has unanimously agreed upon the validity of acknowledgment (Iqrar).
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)No one can interdict him except the judge.
Required (Wajib)Because this person is extravagant, interdiction should be placed upon him, just as if he became extravagant upon reaching maturity.
Required (Wajib)Most scholars of the cities from the people of Hijaz, Iraq, Sham, and Egypt, consider interdiction necessary for anyone who squanders their money, whether young or old.
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is compelled to remove that (which causes harm, such as a wall feared to collapse).
Forbidden (Haram)The right of a person to whom a place has been granted by the Imam is not removed by moving his belongings, and it is not permissible for anyone else to sit in that place.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the hirer) intended to claim back the expenses and made witnesses to that, he can claim it back, because it is a situation of necessity.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to appoint an agent for the establishment of punishments (hudud).
Permissible (Mubah)Reconciliation among Muslims is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)If a person knows what is due from him and he denies it, then the reconciliation is invalid.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the master chooses to ransom the slave who committed an offense, he is obligated to pay the lesser of two things: the slave's value or the compensation for his offense.
Required (Wajib)It is due on the day of demand (according to Abu Hanifa).
Forbidden (Haram)If someone claims a man is his slave, and the man denies it, then they reconcile with a payment for the man to admit to slavery, it is not permissible. This is because it makes something forbidden permissible, for a free person to enslave himself is not permissible, with or without compensation.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to hire someone for retaliation (qisas) in life (i.e., capital punishment).
Required (Wajib)We only made obligatory the lesser of the two values (in cases where qisas is executed on a pledged slave).
Required (Wajib)If it is held (in a previous scenario) that its value is obligatory upon the pledgor, then it is also obligatory in this case (of absolute pardon or pardon without compensation). This is the choice of Abu al-Khattab.
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if he does not remain steadfast upon it (Islam), then he is an apostate, and the rulings of apostates apply to him.
Permissible (Mubah)And disbelief makes killing permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said to Abu Sayyara after he agreed to pay Zakat on his honey): 'Then protect its mountain.' So, he (the Prophet) protected it for him.
Required (Wajib)And as for the land concerning which the disbelievers made a peace treaty, on the condition that the land belongs to us (Muslims) and we keep them on it with a known land tax (kharaj), then it is also an endowment (waqf), its ruling is the same as what we mentioned.
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Required (Wajib)If he was aware of the prohibition, then he is liable for the prescribed punishment of unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the slave girl is returned to her master.
Required (Wajib)And the price is dropped from the husband.
Required (Wajib)According to Shafi'i, both parties must swear oaths together.
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)Ibn Abbas said to a woman whose husband had intercourse with her before she shortened her hair (after Umrah or Hajj): 'You must offer a fidyah consisting of fasting, charity, or a sacrifice.'
Required (Wajib)As for a vow, Ibn Aqil said: he is obligated by what he intended.
Required (Wajib)And by analogy with Ramadan, if one vows to fast a specific month, the same rules as mentioned for Ramadan apply to it.
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if it is not surplus, he is not obligated to provide it.
Permissible (Mubah)For these (large, unowned rivers), there is no competition for them, and everyone may irrigate from them as they wish, whenever they wish, and however they wish.
Its owner (the landowner) does not own it (e.g., fish, game, locusts, salt found on land not prepared for their acquisition).
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The exception from a different genus is absolutely valid.
Permissible (Mubah)These are human rights, so they are not nullified by ignorance or mistake, like blood money (diyah).
Required (Wajib)The second view is that two dirhams become obligatory upon him.
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)The adult and the non-adult are equal (regarding the rulings for a martyr, specifically ghusl).
Required (Wajib)And compensation for the loss of virginity (`arsh al-bakara`).
Preferred (Mustahabb)And that (supplicating for the Muslim ruler) is recommended, not disliked.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to prepare food for the family of the deceased and send it to them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)A group of scholars considered it recommended that people not be informed of their funerals.
Discouraged (Makruh)And announcing a death (al-Na'i) is disliked, which is to send a caller to announce to the people: 'So-and-so has died,' so that they may attend his funeral, based on what Hudhayfah narrated: 'I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbid announcing a death.'
+ 35 more rulings
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If the buyer alone confirms the seller's claim (that the slave was not the seller's property at the time of sale), the claimant (original owner) can reclaim the slave's value from the buyer, and the buyer does not get the purchase price back.
Permissible (Mubah)If the authorized agent buys someone who would be freed upon the owner of the capital with his permission, it is valid, and the person is freed.
If he said the child was from his marriage or from intercourse by mistake (shubha), the female slave does not become an Umm Walad, but the child is freed. If it was from marriage, then the wala' (right of patronage) is upon him because slavery affected her. If he said it was from intercourse by mistake, the female slave does not become an Umm Walad.
+ 35 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)As for an animal, if someone spends on it voluntarily, he cannot claim compensation.
Forbidden (Haram)As for the owner of the sheep, it is not permissible for him to abandon it, because it involves torturing an animal.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in killing snakes and scorpions.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)"O Prophet, why do you prohibit what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Al-Tahrim: 1]. And this is not exclusive to him.
Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, your blood and your wealth are sacred, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours.
Forbidden (Haram)If one masturbates with their hand, they have committed something forbidden.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the closest relative is likewise (a transgressor, innovator, or Dhimmi), he is not put forward (as an executor).
Forbidden (Haram)If the executor is a transgressor or an innovator, the will is not accepted.
Forbidden (Haram)Thus, it is not permissible to nullify the right of the second generation beneficiary concerning the waqf property.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A man is not permitted to act in his property in a way that harms his neighbor, such as building a bathhouse among homes, or opening a bakery among perfumers, or making it a fulling shop that shakes and damages walls, or digging a well next to his neighbor's well that draws its water.
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
Permissible (Mubah)So whenever it is removed, he has the right to restore it.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)There is no disagreement among our companions that the use of gold and silver vessels is forbidden (haram).
Forbidden (Haram)As for objects plated with gold or silver, if the plating is extensive, it is forbidden in all circumstances, whether it is gold or silver, and whether for a need or otherwise.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to possess (or make) gold and silver vessels.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This indicates that the Rikaz (buried treasure) belongs to its finder.
Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs agree that the buried treasure did not belong to their deceased, then it belongs to the first owner.
Permissible (Mubah)If the first owner is not known, then it is treated like lost property whose owner is unknown.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)All of that and its likes are permissible if not stipulated in the contract, according to Abu Hanifa and Shafi'i.
Discouraged (Makruh)Some Shafi'i scholars consider it disliked for them to enter into a sale based on such a stratagem, because anything whose condition is not permissible in a contract is disliked to be entered into.
Forbidden (Haram)All legal stratagems (Hiyal) are forbidden and not permissible in any matter of the religion.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Fleeing on the day of battle is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the Imam to return the khums (one-fifth) of the buried treasure (rikaz).
Required (Wajib)And every place conquered by force is an endowment for the Muslims.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And it is forbidden to interfere with them (Dhimmis) in what they do not openly display.
Forbidden (Haram)That they should not part their hair, so as not to resemble Muslims (referring to the conditions imposed by Umar on the People of the Book).
Required (Wajib)And they are to be prevented from displaying what is forbidden for Muslims.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Imam Ahmad said: Binding teeth with gold if one fears they might fall out has been done by people, and there is no harm in it out of necessity.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
Forbidden (Haram)Because mutilating a part of a human being is fundamentally forbidden, and it is only permitted if its retention becomes harmful.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
Required (Wajib)In both cases, it is obligatory to extract the amount of the forbidden, and the rest is permissible for him.
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to exercise ijtihad (taharri), even if the permissible [items] are many.
Required (Wajib)Wheat and barley are measurable by volume, as explicitly stated in the Prophet's saying: 'Wheat for wheat, measure for measure; barley for barley, measure for measure.'
Forbidden (Haram)So, it is not permissible for [the determination of what is measured by volume or weighed based on Hijaz custom] to change after that.
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)If both [semen from a male organ and menstruation from a female organ] appear together, he/she is not ruled to be male or female, because the two evidences contradict each other.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And this loud recitation is prescribed for the Imam.
Recommended (Sunnah)Saying the extended praise (like "Mil' al-sama...") after the Tahmid (e.g., after 'Rabbana wa lakal hamd').
Recommended (Sunnah)Starting prostration by placing the knees down before the hands.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If `ihram` for both (Friday prayers) occurs simultaneously, then both are invalid.
Forbidden (Haram)Because once one makes `ihram` for one of them (Friday prayers), it is forbidden to make `ihram` for another due to the sufficiency of the first.
Forbidden (Haram)The second (Friday prayer) is invalid because it takes place in a city where a valid Friday prayer has already been established, which suffices for all others.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Prostration [of forgetfulness for a non-obligatory omission] is legislated for him, and that is recommended, not obligatory.
Forbidden (Haram)They (the congregants) do not follow him (the Imam in his error).
Forbidden (Haram)Nor do they say the salam before him (the Imam).
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to pray behind him.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Hasan, Abu Ja'far, and Ash-Shafi'i permitted prayer behind people of innovation.
Required (Wajib)Whoever prays behind an innovator who openly declares his innovation must repeat the prayer.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for if he (the Imam) sits due to an excuse, such as illness or inability to stand, there is no harm in it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The diminution of prayer should be attributed to one who was able to repel (the passerby) but did not do so.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And if one prays towards a stick, a pillar, or anything similar, it is recommended for him to turn away from it slightly, and not face it directly.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for the Imam and the men to remain seated for an amount of time that they estimate is sufficient for the women to have departed, and for the women to leave immediately after his taslim.
Required (Wajib)What is legislated according to our Imam (Ahmad), may Allah have mercy on him, is the takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar') after obligatory prayers performed in congregation, according to his well-known opinion.
Discouraged (Makruh)If the Imam performs the taslim and then faces the Qibla, pelt him with stones.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)If a small amount of food remains between his teeth or in his mouth, which can be swallowed with saliva, and he swallows it, his prayer is not invalidated.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm if a man's outer garment falls that he picks it up, or if his lower garment loosens that he tightens it (while praying).
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever acts like Abu Barzah, when he walked towards his mount that had escaped from him (during prayer), his prayer is valid.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)What is between the East and the West is a Qibla.
If he [finds someone to follow or inform him, but doesn't seek information or follow, or contradicts the informant/mujtahid, and prays,] then his prayer is invalid in every case.
Obligatory (Fard)It is obligatory for each of them to pray towards the direction that their own ijtihad leads them to.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to forbid us from praying in three times, and from burying our dead in them: when the sun rises blazing until it is high.
Permissible (Mubah)If one doubts (about the prohibited time), he may pray until he knows.
Discouraged (Makruh)Because it is agreed upon that it is disliked (makruh) to pray at that (forbidden) time, as what is best is the opposite.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Except that a woman gathers herself (i.e., keeps her limbs close to her body) in bowing (rukoo') and prostrating (sujood).
Preferred (Mustahabb)And she (a woman) sits cross-legged or drapes her legs, placing them on her right side.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When a woman prays, she should gather herself and join her thighs.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Required (Wajib)Ahmad said: If a person performs ablution (wudu) and fears water harming his wound, he should wipe over the cloth (bandage).
Forbidden (Haram)And immersing it (the hand) after washing it fewer than three times is like immersing it before washing it, because the prohibition does not cease until one washes it three times.
Required (Wajib)So the obligation applies to everyone covered by the report (Hadith).
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a dog licks the vessel of one of you, he must wash it seven times.
Permissible (Mubah)In my view, rain water does not mix with anything except that it purifies it, except for faeces, for it prevents purification (due to its solid nature).
Permissible (Mubah)When asked about rainwater falling on clothes, he saw no harm in it, unless urine had fallen on it after the rain.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And according to another narration from him (Imam Ahmad): there is no harm in having intercourse with her.
Required (Wajib)The established ruling is that she is not returned to six or seven (days of menstruation) except in the fourth month, because we do not consider her menstruating for more than that if she is not an istihadah (continuously bleeding) woman. Thus, it is more appropriate to do so if she is an istihadah woman.
Required (Wajib)She acts upon distinction (of blood types) after the three months (of continuous bleeding).
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Required (Wajib)The intention is required from the person for whom tayammum is being performed, not from the one performing it for another.
Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: He is like a person in a state of major impurity (junub); he performs tayammum.
Discouraged (Makruh)Al-Awza'i disliked that a person who performed tayammum should touch the Mushaf.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)However cleansing is achieved in istijmar, it suffices him.
Permissible (Mubah)If one suffices with an even number of stones that cleanse, when exceeding three, it is permissible.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one uses more than three stones [for istijmar], it is recommended that he not stop except on an odd number.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)A woman is like a man (in this recommendation), even if she is menstruating or in post-natal bleeding, based on the saying of the Messenger of Allah to Aisha when she was menstruating: 'Do everything a pilgrim does except that you do not circumambulate the House.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to perform ghusl (ritual bath) before entering Mecca.
Required (Wajib)Sexual intercourse in the vagina necessitates ghusl.
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm for a woman to wash a young boy.
Recommended (Sunnah)Al-Qadi said: The Sunnah is to wash the deceased in a thin shirt that allows water to pass through to the body. One should insert their hand through the sleeve of the shirt, passing it over the body while water is poured. If the shirt is tight, the top of the seams should be opened, and the hand inserted through it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)(Ahmad said): I prefer that the deceased be washed while wearing a garment, with the hand inserted from beneath the garment.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)[Regarding a dhimmi convert to Islam seeking purification through circumcision], there is no escape from that (it is indispensable for him).
Preferred (Mustahabb)[Regarding an adult male or female convert], it is more beloved to me that they purify themselves (through circumcision).
Permissible (Mubah)And it is not obligatory for them (women).
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Whenever it becomes clear that the condition he stipulated has not been met, he has the option to annul the sale and reclaim the price, or to accept it, in which case he receives nothing further.
Permissible (Mubah)And the analogy of the [Hanbali] madhhab is that he *is* entitled to compensation (arsh), because he has the right to keep the sold item and demand its compensation, and this is considered equivalent to keeping it while knowing its defect.
However, if he stipulates a quality that is not desired, and it turns out to be the opposite (e.g., he stipulates her to be smooth-haired but she is curly-haired, or ignorant but she is knowledgeable), then he has no option (to annul) because he has been given something better.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for crops to be cultivated for a person under guardianship (or a bankrupt individual whose assets are managed).
Required (Wajib)If the lender demands the value, the borrower is obligated to pay it, because there is no cost to transport its value.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone lent something that incurs a cost to transport, and then demanded its equivalent in another country, the borrower is not obligated to do so, because he is not obligated to transport it to that country.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Required (Wajib)Pre-emption is obligatory/applies to it (i.e., transfers for non-monetary consideration).
Forbidden (Haram)If the wall is rebuilt, the borrower does not have the right to return his structure and wood to it except with new permission.
Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, if the borrower removed his wood, or it fell by itself, he does not have the right to return it except with new permission.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This (form of partnership where two capitals combine with one owner acting as Mudarib) combines a partnership (Shirkat al-Inan) and a Mudarabah, and it is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If two people enter into a Mudarabah (profit-sharing) contract with one person, providing him with one thousand [currency] belonging to them both, it is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)If the two investors stipulate an equal share of the profit for the agent from both of them, it is permissible.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If provisions in a camel rental contract are lost by means other than eating, such as theft or falling, he has the right to replace them.
Permissible (Mubah)If a camel rental contract for provisions is unspecified, he has the right to replace what is lost by theft, falling, or unusual eating, without dispute.
Required (Wajib)When renting by description for riding, it is necessary to mention the genus, such as saying: camels, horses, mules, or donkeys.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The existing wool and milk are included in the mortgage, just as they are included in a sale.
Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, offspring and all other items that are sold along with the main object in a sale are included in the mortgage, because the contract pertains to the asset itself, and these accessories are included in it, just as in a sale.
Permissible (Mubah)If land is mortgaged and trees subsequently grow on it, they are part of the mortgage, whether they grew due to the actions of the mortgagor or another person, because they are considered an increase of the land.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Required (Wajib)Its fruit should be sold, and its proceeds spent on the mosque (if the owner explicitly designated it as an endowment for the mosque).
Required (Wajib)If the price of an endowed horse is not sufficient to purchase another horse, it should be used as partial payment for another endowed horse.
The children of daughters are not included in an endowment (waqf) designated for one's children and children of one's children.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the property had a rental value, the owner has the right to claim all of it from the usurper. Alternatively, if he wishes, he can claim the rental value for the period it was in the buyer's possession from the buyer, with the remainder claimed from the usurper.
Its value is not obligated.
Required (Wajib)Then he must return what he took in expenses.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If, however, the specified place and another place are equal in fulfilling the purpose, the authorization is not restricted by it, and it is permissible for him to sell in another place.
Forbidden (Haram)The authorization is restricted by it because he explicitly stipulated something in which he has an interest, so it is not permissible to disregard it.
Forbidden (Haram)So, if he said to him, 'Sell my garment tomorrow,' it is not permissible to sell it today or the day after tomorrow.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the interest (riba) of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah) is abolished, and the first interest I abolish from our interest is the interest of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, for it is entirely abolished.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible [to exchange a Kufi Dinar and a Dirham for a Shami Dinar of equal weight when the Kufi is less pure], unless the Dinar is deficient, in which case one gives its value in silver.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible to sell it (an item with a beneficial mixture) for something that does not contain this mixture, such as selling grape vinegar for raisin vinegar, because it leads to excess (in quantity).
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Required (Wajib)The validity of surety (kafalah) requires the consent of the guarantor.
Required (Wajib)It is incumbent upon the one who stated it to guarantee everything.
Required (Wajib)When the judge demands the presence of the person under guarantee, the guarantor must bring him to the judge's court.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)However, if one combines contractual manumission (kitaba) and a sale, saying, 'I have contracted with you for manumission and sold you this slave for a thousand, a hundred each month,' it is not valid.
Whatever debt a slave incurs, it is attached to his person; his master may redeem him or surrender him. If the debt exceeds the slave's value, the master is not obligated to pay more than his value, unless the slave is authorized to engage in trade, in which case his master is obligated for the entirety of the debt incurred.
As for the debt incurred by a restricted slave without his master's consent, such as borrowing or buying something on his own account, there are two narrations; one of them is that it attaches to his person (neck). This was chosen by Al-Khiraqi and Abu Bakr, because it is a debt he incurred without his master's permission, so it attaches to his person, like the compensation for his transgression.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If taking collateral is impossible for him, it is permissible to leave it, according to the apparent statement of Ahmad.
Forbidden (Haram)He is not allowed to travel with his (the orphan's) money.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Lending it to a trustworthy and honest person is better than depositing it, because a deposit is not guaranteed if it perishes.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If it (the item) increased with an attached increase, he (the payer) takes it with its increase.
Required (Wajib)If he knows its owner, he is obligated to inform him; if he does not do so, he becomes liable for it.
Required (Wajib)If the wind throws another person's garment into his house, he is obliged to preserve it.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And hoarding is forbidden.
Discouraged (Makruh)The Prophet, peace be upon him, only disliked that (cupping) for a free person out of honor for him, due to the lowliness of this profession.
Permissible (Mubah)Paying the cupper's fee is not disliked.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Presenting food to guests is permission for them to eat, and it does not require verbal acceptance.
Required (Wajib)The child must be known through observation.
Forbidden (Haram)The other view is that it invalidates the contract, because it contradicts its implication, similar to a condition that one should not utilize the benefits at all.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And even if it is not stipulated, if he does not give some of his right except by waiving some of it, then it is also forbidden, because it diminishes his right.
Forbidden (Haram)then the settlement is void.
Forbidden (Haram)And reconciliation (settlement) is not valid for anything other than that.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The lease is terminated upon the death of the wet nurse due to the loss of benefit with the destruction of its subject.
Forbidden (Haram)And there is no fee for him, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade the stud fee for a male animal.
Forbidden (Haram)One opinion states that if a weaver produces a garment deficient in length, width, or both, he receives no wage, and he is liable for the deficiency in the yarn.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then, one sells goods and furniture (from the insolvent's assets).
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells animals (from the insolvent's assets).
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells perishable wet food (from the insolvent's assets).
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, the offspring of a borrowed item is not compensated if it is not found with its mother.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the offspring of a borrowed item, its compensation is not obligatory, according to one of the two views.
Required (Wajib)And it is compensated according to the other view.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If something similar to that (like the rug the Prophet ﷺ left) is left with the deceased, there is no harm.
Permissible (Mubah)And this (shrouding in a shirt, an izar, and a wrapper) is permissible, with no dislike in it.
Discouraged (Makruh)And the shirt (used in shrouding) should not be buttoned or fastened on him.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If one combines two prayers in the time of the first, it is recommended to call the adhan for the first and the iqama, then to call the iqama for the second.
Recommended (Sunnah)If you are with your sheep or in your desert, and you call the adhan for prayer, then raise your voice with the call; for no jinn, human, or anything hears the voice of the caller to prayer but will bear witness for him on the Day of Judgment.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to perform 'tathwib' (repeated call, e.g., 'Prayer is better than sleep') for any prayer other than Fajr, whether it is done during the adhan or after it.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A martyr who dies in his place (i.e., battlefield) should not be washed.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to offer condolences to the deceased's family.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to build upon a grave.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for one who performs Hajj to enter the House (Kaaba) and pray two rak'ahs inside it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And when he exits, he says the like of that (the prayer for entering), and says: 'and open for me the gates of Your bounty.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for one who enters the mosque to put forward their right foot, then say: 'In the name of Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, forgive me, and open for me the gates of Your mercy.'
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to say what Ibn Abbas narrated, that the Prophet (peace be upon him) went out to prayer saying: 'O Allah, place light in my heart, and light in my tongue, and place light in my hearing, and place light in my sight, and place light behind me, and light in front of me, and light above me, and light below me, and grant me light.'
Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not say it (Subhana Rabbiyal A'laa after a specific verse) out loud in obligatory prayers or others.
Permissible (Mubah)And whatever he supplicates with is sufficient for him.
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General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He who asks (for charity) while possessing the value of an uqiyyah (forty dirhams) has persisted in begging (and it is blameworthy/forbidden).
Permissible (Mubah)The other view is that it is permissible to take wages for acts of worship whose benefit extends to others and whose performer must be of the people of piety (like Hajj, Adhan, teaching Quran and Fiqh). This is the view of Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and Ibn al-Mundhir.
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever starts speaking before giving greetings of peace (salam), do not respond to him.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to protect the Quran from it (the bathroom).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one recites the entire Quran in three days, it is good.
Recommended (Sunnah)Seeking refuge (ta'awwudh) is a Sunnah for recitation generally, in prayer and outside of it.
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Its fresh herbage should not be cut.
Forbidden (Haram)The protected area of the Messenger of Allah (Madinah) should not be beaten or cut.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone hunts game outside Madinah and then brings it into it, they are not obligated to release it.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)His master does not have the right to prevent him (the mukatab slave) from an obligatory act nor a voluntary one.
Permissible (Mubah)There has been no consensus on the obligation of a voluntary act (nafilah) once it is started, except for Hajj and Umrah.
Permissible (Mubah)Prayer and fasting are not obligatory until one reaches puberty.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)There is no expiation for sexual intercourse (during I'tikaf) according to the apparent view of the madhhab.
Required (Wajib)That expiation is due upon him (who engages in intercourse during I'tikaf).
Required (Wajib)Our companions said: It should be spent on four categories: his relatives who are not heirs, the poor, jihad, and Hajj. Abu al-Khattab said: And from him (Ahmad) there is an opinion that ransoming captives can replace Hajj.
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Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)It is Sunnah to go out for the Rain Prayer (Salat al-Istisqa) with humility towards Allah, in plain clothes (meaning not wearing adornments or perfume), as this day is one of humility and submission. One should walk and sit with reverence, submission, and supplication to Allah, showing abasement and yearning for Him.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is recommended to strive diligently in good deeds during the ten days (of Dhul-Hijjah), including remembrance of Allah (Dhikr), prayer, fasting, charity, and all other righteous acts.
Discouraged (Makruh)Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin disliked speaking on Eid day while the Imam is delivering the sermon.
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And he should be made to face the Qiblah.
Required (Wajib)And he should be prompted to say 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah).
Required (Wajib)And his jaw should be tied, so that his jaw does not slacken.
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Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The minimum that suffices for shrouding is one garment that covers all of it.
Required (Wajib)Al-Qadi said: Less than three garments are not sufficient for shrouding for one who is able to afford them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Ahmad said: A boy should be shrouded in a single piece of cloth.
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)'There is no silence from day until night.'
Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)He prohibited the 'fast of silence'.
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Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
Recommended (Sunnah)The grave should be raised about a handspan above the ground.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise it with more than its own soil.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)There is no one among Allah's creation upon whom Hajj and Umrah are not both obligatory, and they are indispensable for whoever can find a way to them.
Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
Required (Wajib)He is killed as a legal punishment (hadd), while his status as a Muslim is maintained.
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Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a judge rules based on the sighting [of the crescent] by the testimony of one witness, it is permissible.
Required (Wajib)And if two witnesses testify [to the crescent sighting], it is obligatory to accept their testimony.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Whoever does not find the required Zakat animal for cattle or sheep, but finds a lesser one, it is not permissible for him to give it.
Forbidden (Haram)Compensation (Jubran) does not apply to animals other than camels (thus, it is forbidden to apply it to them).
Required (Wajib)Therefore, it becomes obligatory for the orphan's guardian to purchase the required Zakat animal from other wealth (not directly from the orphan's Zakat animals or their surplus).
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)Zakat is due on it (the fruit) when it is dry.
There is no zakat on what grows from permissible (unowned) land, which is only owned by taking it.
Required (Wajib)However, if something that humans cultivate grows in one's land, such as wheat or barley seeds falling in a person's land and growing, then zakat is due on it because he owns it.
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he considers them among his dependents, then he should not give them (zakat).
Permissible (Mubah)In general, whoever one is not obligated to spend upon, it is permissible for him to give zakat to him.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And the most needy should be prioritized (in zakat distribution).
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a person buys a slave and the new moon of Shawwal appears, his Sadaqat al-Fitr is on the buyer, even if it is within the option period, because he owns him. According to the other narration, it is on the seller if it is within the option period because he owns him and it is within the option period.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu al-Khattab chose that his Zakat al-Fitr is not obligatory upon him because his maintenance is not obligatory upon him, so his Zakat al-Fitr is not obligatory upon him, just as if he did not maintain him. This is the saying of most scholars and it is the correct view, God willing.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory (tajib) for the orphan, and their guardian must pay it on their behalf from their wealth.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A male animal only suffices in cattle for thirty (cattle) and what repeats thereof, such as sixty and seventy, and what is composed of thirty and others, such as seventy (which includes a *tabīʿ* and a *musinnah*), and one hundred (which includes a *musinnah* and two *tabīʿ*).
Forbidden (Haram)It (the *ibn laboon*) does not suffice if she (the *bint makhad*) is available.
Forbidden (Haram)A male animal is generally not to be given in Zakat, except for cattle.
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Giving charity to those in severe need is recommended.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is preferable for one to give charity from what is surplus to his needs and the needs of those he permanently supports.
Forbidden (Haram)If one gives charity in a way that falls short of the sufficiency for those he is obligated to support, and he has no other income, he commits a sin.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a mine contains different types of minerals other than gold and silver, they should be combined with each other for zakat calculation, because the zakat is due on their value, and the value is unified, resembling trade goods.
Required (Wajib)If a mine contains one of the two currencies (gold or silver) and another type of mineral, they should be combined with each other, just as trade goods are combined with currencies.
Required (Wajib)If a nisab amount is extracted from two mines, zakat is obligatory on it, because it is the wealth of a single person, resembling crops from two different locations.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he defrauds his wealth and conceals it so that the Imam does not take its Zakat (this action is forbidden).
Forbidden (Haram)He should not be judged as an unbeliever.
Required (Wajib)He (the Imam) takes it (Zakat) and half of his wealth (according to the view of Ishaq ibn Rahawayh and Abu Bakr Abdul Aziz).
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Khums (one-fifth) is obligatory on both small and large amounts of Rikaz (buried treasure).
Required (Wajib)It is recounted that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took the fifth (Khums) from ambergris.
Required (Wajib)Rikaz (buried treasure) on which Khums (one-fifth) is due includes all types of wealth, such as gold, silver, iron, lead, brass, copper, utensils, and other similar items.
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.
Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.