Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for robes padded with silk, Al-Qadi said: They are not forbidden.
Required (Wajib)And the second (opinion) is that it is obligatory to cover them (the hands), due to the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): 'The woman is awrah.'
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a man to turn over a slave-girl if he intends to buy her, from above the garment, and to uncover her forearms and shins.
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Adornment (with gold and silver) is permitted for women.
Forbidden (Haram)It is narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he cursed the one who adds hair extensions and the one for whom it is added, the one who plucks eyebrows and the one for whom it is plucked, and the one who files teeth and the one for whom it is filed. These actions are forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)This (connecting hair with other hair) is not permissible due to the narration.
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the seller was a woman and she married him as compensation for the defect's indemnity, then the defect was remedied, she would reclaim the amount of the defect's indemnity as her dowry, not the customary dowry, because she agreed to that as her dowry.
Forbidden (Haram)The wives of daughters' sons are included in the prohibition (of marriage).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the marriage contract to be free of naming the dowry, and it is valid even if the dowry is invalid.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the guardian to leave the child in the school (maktab) without the permission of the judge.
Forbidden (Haram)If the guardian is wealthy, he may not take anything from the orphan's money, provided he is not the (biological) father.
Forbidden (Haram)[According to Abu Hanifa:] His money should not be given to him before the age of twenty-five years.
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Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one of the heirs admits to the debt, they are obligated to pay a portion of the debt equal to their inheritance share, and they have the choice to hand over their share towards the debt or to settle it themselves.
Required (Wajib)And she (the wife) must pay him the price of the inheritance, which is the surplus in the wife's possession beyond her share of the inheritance.
Required (Wajib)And he (the brother) must pay him all that is in his possession, which is three-quarters of the wealth.
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift until her husband permits it.
Forbidden (Haram)She is not allowed to dispose of more than a third of her wealth without compensation, except with her husband's permission.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is most pleasing to me that he revokes (the initial gifts to some children) and equalizes among them (all children, if a new one is born).
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the lineage is attributed to him for that reason (of being born from intercourse under misapprehension).
Required (Wajib)There should be no one contesting the lineage.
Required (Wajib)The confessed person must be of unknown lineage; if their lineage is known, the confession is not valid.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Then his (the husband's) statement is accepted, and the first marriage remains as it was.
Forbidden (Haram)Nor is agency permissible in it (Dhihar).
Permissible (Mubah)It is valid to appoint a woman as an agent for divorcing herself and for divorcing others.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he (the fetus) is stillborn, he is not liable (for its value).
Required (Wajib)And upon him (the one who had intercourse) is the compensation for the defect of childbirth (to the slave woman).
Required (Wajib)And mahr (dowry) is due from him.
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And his lineage is attributed to him.
Forbidden (Haram)And the female slave is contrary to that (i.e., it is not permissible to separate her from her child).
Required (Wajib)So, the child's freedom is ruled; due to the admission of the one to whom its ownership is attributed concerning its freedom.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The minimum clothing sufficient for him consists of a shirt, trousers, something he wears on his head, either a turban or a cap or other items customary for him, and shoes for his feet if he customarily wears them.
Permissible (Mubah)And she has the right to take it from his wealth without his knowledge if he refrains from paying it.
Required (Wajib)The wife's maintenance is prioritized in the wealth of an insolvent person over paying his debt.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A man must not be alone with a woman unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)He must not be alone with her in a house.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory that mahram status not be established for a disbeliever over a Muslim woman.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The people of knowledge have a consensus on the permissibility of hiring a wet-nurse.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire her (the wet-nurse) for her food and clothing.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in matters of fosterage.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)When a child completes fifteen years, what is for him and what is against him is recorded, and penalties are taken from him.
Forbidden (Haram)[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz] wrote to his governors: 'Do not impose [obligations] except upon one who has reached fifteen years of age.'
As for age, puberty for boys and girls is at fifteen years.
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he bequeathed it to an unspecified entity, such as the poor, it is not permissible for the executor to permit management [of the partnership share].
Permissible (Mubah)A bequest to an heir is valid, according to the soundest of two narrations, and is contingent upon the approval of the other heirs.
Permissible (Mubah)If the deceased had bequeathed the partnership money, or part of it, to a specific person, then the legatee is like the heir in what we have mentioned.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is also stipulated that she must intend to fast from the night after her menstruation ceases, because there is no fast for one who did not make the intention for it from the night.
Discouraged (Makruh)Malik disliked it (fasting six days of Shawwal).
Permissible (Mubah)And He (Allah) permitted her (the pregnant woman) to break her fast in Ramadan if she feared for her child.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a woman in i'tikaf loses her husband, it is obligatory for her to leave to observe the 'iddah.
Required (Wajib)If one says: "I vow to Allah to perform i'tikaf for the days of this month," or "the nights of this month," he is obligated by what he vowed, and nothing else is included. Similarly, if he says: "a month in the daytime," or "in the nighttime."
Permissible (Mubah)If one performs i'tikaf for thirty days from two months, it is permissible, and the nights are included in it.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a fasting person to get cupped, and it does not break the fast.
Required (Wajib)If he breaks his fast on that day by intercourse, expiation is due upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)For someone permitted to break their fast due to intense sexual desire, if they can repel the desire without intercourse, such as masturbating with their hand, or with the hand of their wife or slave-girl, then intercourse is not permissible for them.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Required (Wajib)If she was able to make up the fast but did not do so until she died, a poor person should be fed on her behalf for each day.
If one paid fidyah (expiatory feeding) while despairing of making up the fast, and then later became able to fast, it is possible that fasting is no longer obligatory for him, because his obligation was discharged by paying the fidyah which was due.
If one hopes to be able to make up the fast, then no fidyah (expiatory feeding) is due on him.
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Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not allowed to fast on the two Eid days, nor on the days of Tashreeq, neither as an obligatory fast nor as a voluntary one.
Forbidden (Haram)One opinion is that it is not permissible to fast them for an obligation, because their fasting is forbidden, thus resembling the two Eid days.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intends to fast on these days (Eid or Tashreeq), they are disobedient, and it does not suffice for an obligatory fast.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And make-up fasts should be performed at other times (not during the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
Preferred (Mustahabb)Rather, it is recommended to perform make-up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who forbid voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Repeated looking (gazing) is disliked for someone whose lust is aroused by it, but not disliked for someone whose lust is not aroused by it, similar to kissing.
Permissible (Mubah)It was also narrated from him (Ahmad) that it is not disliked to use a wet siwak stick (while fasting).
Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: There is no harm in using siwak for a fasting person.
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)Ibn Hamid said: That (intending it to be obligatory) is obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is sufficient according to the other narration.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Hunting in the sacred precinct (Haram) is forbidden for both pilgrims and non-pilgrims.
Required (Wajib)If a game animal stands with some of its legs in the non-sacred area (hill) and some in the sacred area (haram), and someone kills it, they are liable for it, giving precedence to the Haram.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him (the pilgrim who caught game while in ihram) to slaughter it after exiting ihram.
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Based on this, if one enters a land where there are Magi and People of the Book, it is permissible for him to eat their cheese and meat, in reliance on the action of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions.
Permissible (Mubah)For the People of the Book, it is permissible to eat their food and drink their beverages, and to eat from their vessels, as long as their impurity is not confirmed.
Permissible (Mubah)Its dead (creatures) are lawful (to eat).
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The acquisition of gold and silver vessels is forbidden for both women and men, as is their use.
Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And opening [the alif of 'inna' to 'anna'] is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)Entering ihram before the miqat is permissible.
Required (Wajib)The practice is that the entire deceased in ihram is covered, except for his head, because a man's ihram is in his head, and there is no prohibition ms1025 from covering his feet during his life, and likewise after his death.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Required (Wajib)Indeed, Hajj is obligatory upon the deceased from their hometown, so it is obligatory for someone to perform Hajj on their behalf from there.
Required (Wajib)If he had two hometowns, then the substitute should be hired from the nearer of them.
Required (Wajib)Hajj should be performed on his behalf from where it became obligatory upon him, not from where he died.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whatever must be slaughtered in the Haram, its meat must be distributed therein.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is slaughtered in the Haram, it is permissible to distribute its meat outside the Haram.
Required (Wajib)If one vows a sacrificial animal (hady) generally or specifically, and leaves its location unspecified, it is obligatory for him to deliver it to the poor of the Haram.
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)Ramal (a swift walk with short steps) is Sunnah in the first three rounds of Tawaf al-Qudum (Circumambulation of Arrival).
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not sunnah to perform tawaf after assuming ihram.
Permissible (Mubah)If one becomes tired during tawaf, there is no harm in resting.
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to appoint a proxy for voluntary Hajj for one who has performed the obligatory Hajj and is able to perform Hajj himself. This is the madhhab of Shafi'i.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever is sick with no hope of recovery, or an elderly person unable to stay on a riding animal, should appoint someone to perform Hajj and Umrah on their behalf; this suffices for them even if they recover.
Permissible (Mubah)If he instructed him for Qiran, but he performed Ifrad or Tamattu, it is valid, and the rituals count for the one who instructed him.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The scholars are unanimous that trimming the hair is sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)One has a choice between shaving and trimming; whichever he does, it is sufficient according to most scholars.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to frequently remember Allah and supplicate on the Day of Arafah.
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges a debt to a woman during his illness, then marries her, his acknowledgment is permissible (valid) because he is not accused (of favoring an heir).
Permissible (Mubah)His acknowledgment was permissible (valid). (Referring to Sufyan's opinion on a father who acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said: It is not permissible. (Referring to the scenario where a father acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)If Qisas (retaliation) is waived in exchange for money, that [money] becomes attached to the slave's neck.
I would not dare to say that he owes rent for what he lived in.
Abu Hanifa said: He (the usurper) is not liable for the benefits (of the usurped item).
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)Required (Wajib)If someone says: 'I owe so-and-so something,' or 'such and such,' their acknowledgment is valid, and they are obligated to explain it.
If someone makes an acknowledgement to an heir, it is void.
According to the view of others (who hold that the exception must be from the same genus), the excepted amount is examined: if it is equal to or greater than the amount from which it is excepted, the exception is void; otherwise, it is valid.
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he (the judge) deems it appropriate to order a crier to announce it so that people know, he may do so.
Required (Wajib)The judge must retrieve what he (the interdicted person) sold of his wealth, and return the price if it is still present.
Required (Wajib)The judge must return it if it is still present (referring to what the interdicted person took from others with their consent, such as a loan or purchase).
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is compelled to remove that (which causes harm, such as a wall feared to collapse).
Forbidden (Haram)One who refrains from harvesting it shall not be compelled to do so.
Forbidden (Haram)The Imam (ruler) is not to set prices for the people; rather, people sell their goods as they choose.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to appoint an agent for the establishment of punishments (hudud).
Permissible (Mubah)If they agree that the owner of the house reconciles with him for his building by paying compensation, it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)The apparent meaning of Al-Khiraqi's statement is that the settlement is not valid.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And their ransom is upon him.
Required (Wajib)And he ransoms them with their value on the day of birth.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the master) wishes to exact Qisas (retaliation), he has that right.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Therefore, it is not permissible to exact qisas from the killer of a waqf slave.
Permissible (Mubah)It is apparent that qisas (retaliation) is not obligatory (for intentionally harming a waqf slave) because the beneficiary does not exclusively own the slave.
Required (Wajib)If the usurper strikes her belly and she miscarries a dead fetus, he must pay a 'ghurra' (a male or female slave), whose value is five camels, inherited from him, and the striker does not inherit anything from it.
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if he does not remain steadfast upon it (Islam), then he is an apostate, and the rulings of apostates apply to him.
Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make up what he missed during his apostasy (according to a third, preferred opinion).
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, agreed to fight those who withhold it (Zakat).
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said to Abu Sayyara after he agreed to pay Zakat on his honey): 'Then protect its mountain.' So, he (the Prophet) protected it for him.
Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
Then there is no prescribed punishment (`hadd`) upon him (the usurper if ignorant or mistaken).
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the owner says: 'You usurped it,' and the rider says: 'Rather, you lent it to me,' and the dispute occurs immediately after the contract while the animal is present and unharmed, then there is no meaning to the dispute, and the owner takes his animal.
Permissible (Mubah)It is accepted from him with his oath, whether it matches the value or contradicts it.
Required (Wajib)If the endowment is for the poor, then the compensation should be from its earnings, because there is no specific deserving party upon whom the compensation can be obligated, and it cannot be attached to its person due to the impossibility of selling it, so it is determined to be from its earnings.
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in Ila' (an oath to abstain from one's wife), Qasamah (oaths taken by villagers in cases of unsolved murder), and Li'an (oaths of mutual imprecation between spouses).
Required (Wajib)Then he must swear an oath that he was not an adult when he confessed.
Required (Wajib)The oath is directed at him for each of them (the claimants), stating that he did not usurp it.
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And its owner is not permitted to prevent that [others from using the surplus water].
Permissible (Mubah)Whenever spring water in one's possession, or pasture, or minerals, are according to his sufficiency for his drinking and the drinking of his livestock, he is not obligated to offer them.
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever withholds surplus water to prevent access to surplus pasture, Allah will withhold from him the surplus of His mercy.
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one conjoins and says: 'So and so and so many dirham' (with 'dirham' in the nominative case), then one dirham becomes obligatory upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)Establishing abrogation based on mere possibility is not permissible.
Required (Wajib)And this is an interpretation from the narrator of the Prophet's (peace be upon him) words, so it is obligatory to refer to it.
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one acknowledges for a slave a marriage, or qisas (retaliation), or discretionary punishment for slander, the acknowledgment for him is valid, whether the master affirms it or denies it, because the right belongs to him, not to his master.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person entrusted with a sheep brings its skin and claims it died, his word is accepted, and he is not held liable.
Required (Wajib)He must pay compensation for virginity (`arsh al-bakara`) if she was a virgin.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one digs and finds bones in it, they must bury them and dig in another place.
Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to forbid us from burying our dead during three specific times: when the sun rises until it has fully risen, when the sun is at its zenith until it declines, and when the sun inclines towards setting until it sets.
Forbidden (Haram)[The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to forbid us] and from burying our dead in them [during three specific hours].
+ 35 more rulings
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The emancipation of a slave by an insolvent person does not take effect.
This (debt from offenses or damages) attaches to the slave's person (raqaba) in all cases, whether he is authorized or not, according to one narration.
Permissible (Mubah)Except for manumission, whether it comes from the seller or the buyer.
+ 35 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And that which causes no harm is not permissible to kill.
Permissible (Mubah)If one intended to claim compensation from its owner, and that was with the owner's permission, then he can claim it.
Abu al-Khattab said: If one was able to ask for permission but did not, then he is a volunteer and cannot claim compensation.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for what is between him and Allah the Almighty, it is not permissible for one who deceived his companion to take that which contradicts what they agreed upon.
Forbidden (Haram)"O Prophet, why do you prohibit what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Al-Tahrim: 1]. And this is not exclusive to him.
Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, your blood and your wealth are sacred, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is not obliged to accept it, because the legatee's right is specifically tied to its price.
Permissible (Mubah)Whenever his guardian permits him to transact, his transaction is valid.
Required (Wajib)However, only the discerning adolescent who understands buying and selling and can distinguish benefit from harm should be tested.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the smoke from baking and cooking, its harm is slight, it is not possible to avoid it, and it is overlooked (tolerated).
Forbidden (Haram)If he trespasses and takes it, he has erred (by trespassing), but he owns it.
Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory to remove the harm, to our knowledge, without dispute, because no new harm was caused.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Even if one gilds his ceiling with gold or silver, it is forbidden.
Permissible (Mubah)If the gilding on the ceiling becomes consumed such that nothing can be gathered from it, its continuation is not forbidden.
Discouraged (Makruh)I dislike a kohl stick head made of silver.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And its (the scattered item's) taking is permitted.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Shafi'i said: It belongs to the owner of the house if he acknowledges it, and if he does not acknowledge it, then it belongs to the first owner, because it is in his possession.
Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs agree that the buried treasure did not belong to their deceased, then it belongs to the first owner.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)that all legal stratagems are invalid.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intended a legal stratagem, and meant by the condition of cutting (the fruit) a stratagem to keep it, then the sale is not valid under any circumstance.
Forbidden (Haram)So, everything of this nature that is done by way of a legal stratagem is evil and forbidden.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for the Imam (leader) to distribute the Khums (one-fifth) among all its rightful recipients and ensure it encompasses all of them, unlike Zakat.
Permissible (Mubah)Thus, each of the two matters (dividing or endowing conquered land) was permissible, and the decision in that regard belongs to the Imam, who may do whatever he deems appropriate.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a person to undertake the distribution of the khums (one-fifth) himself.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for what they display publicly, it is obligatory to denounce it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to interfere with them [dhimmis] concerning what they do not display publicly.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to imitate the People of the Book in such matters (i.e., using their unknown dates for contract terms).
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the predominant outcome of drinking or using medicines containing poisons is death or madness, then it is not permissible to drink them.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use it [theriac] for treatment, nor to use snake venom.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to the beasts of burden. (A command from the Prophet regarding bread made from the water of the wells of those who wronged themselves).
Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to your beast of burden or your slave. (Ahmad's instruction regarding the earnings of a cupper).
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The reference for determining what is measured by volume and what is weighed is the customary practice in Hijaz during the era of the Prophet (PBUH).
Required (Wajib)The measure is the measure of Madinah, and the weight is the weight of Makkah.
Forbidden (Haram)So, it is not permissible for [the determination of what is measured by volume or weighed based on Hijaz custom] to change after that.
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Or if one fears someone will fall into something (danger), he says Tasbeeh to alert him.
Recommended (Sunnah)Saying the extended praise (like "Mil' al-sama...") after the Tahmid (e.g., after 'Rabbana wa lakal hamd').
Recommended (Sunnah)Starting prostration by placing the knees down before the hands.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the conditions for obligatory prayers are stipulated for it, except for the time.
Permissible (Mubah)If the first row guarded in the first (rak'ah) and the second in the second, or if the second (row) did not advance to the position of the first, or if part of the row guarded and the rest prostrated, all of that is permissible because the objective is achieved.
Required (Wajib)What is obligatory in the funeral prayer are the intention, the takbirat, standing, reciting Al-Fatiha, sending blessings upon the Prophet (peace be upon him), the minimum supplication for the deceased, and one salutation.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Required (Wajib)If you are in prayer and doubt between three or four (rak'ahs), and your strongest assumption is four, you should perform the tashahhud, then prostrate two prostrations while sitting.
Required (Wajib)And the individual (praying alone) builds upon certainty (yaqīn).
Required (Wajib)If both matters are equal for the Imam, he should also build upon certainty (yaqīn).
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)If the congregation is large, it is disliked for him (the Imam) to wait for him (the latecomer).
Recommended (Sunnah)Likewise, it is legislated for women's imamate that the imam stands in their midst in all situations.
Forbidden (Haram)Unless he does it intentionally, then both their prayers are nullified.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Required (Wajib)Malik said: They should begin with the prayer, unless it is light food.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in praying on mats and rugs made of wool, hair, or animal fur, and on clothes made of cotton, linen, and all other pure materials.
Permissible (Mubah)A man asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): 'Should we pray in sheepfolds?' He said: 'Yes.'
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Al-Nakha'i, Al-Thawri, and Abu Hanifa said: One does not combine prayers except with the Imam.
Permissible (Mubah)It means that an individual (praying alone) may combine prayers just as one combines them with the Imam.
Required (Wajib)The general rule is that whenever a funeral prayer and an obligatory prayer are present, one should begin with the obligatory prayer, except for Fajr and Asr prayers.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)If one leaves something that dissolves in their mouth, like sugar, and a part of it dissolves and they swallow it, their prayer is invalidated.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to interlace one's fingers during prayer.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to crack one's knuckles during prayer.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)If one can see the Kaaba, then their obligation is to pray towards its very essence (i.e., directly at it).
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad said: Do not pray towards an erected image directly in front of you.
Required (Wajib)If one knows the middle (star) by seeing seven from here and seven from there between it and the horizon, one should face it (for prayer).
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)In any case, these mentioned times are forbidden for prayer.
Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to forbid us from praying during three specific times: when the sun rises until it has fully risen, when the sun is at its zenith until it declines, and when the sun inclines towards setting until it sets.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, held that the times when prayer is forbidden are from after Fajr until the sun rises to the height of a spear, and after Asr until the sun sets, and during the sun's zenith until it declines.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And for that reason, spreading her limbs (tajafi) in prostration is not recommended for her.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And she (a woman) sits cross-legged or drapes her legs, placing them on her right side.
Permissible (Mubah)Congregational prayer is not obligatory upon her (a woman).
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Required (Wajib)There is no difference between (touching) one's own penis and another's (regarding the invalidation of ablution).
Required (Wajib)[Ahmad] held that wudu is required for all these states (of supported sleeping), except for a slight doze.
Required (Wajib)And from him [Ahmad] is that it invalidates [wudu] in every state (of supported sleeping).
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for the roots of feathers and hair, if they are wet when plucked from a dead animal, then they are impure.
Permissible (Mubah)The wool and hair of a dead animal are pure.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to pray in children's clothes, as long as their impurity is not certain.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)All the days of bleeding within the fifteen-day period are considered menstruation if it recurs.
Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory to make up what she fasted during it (i.e., blood exceeding six or seven days) with doubt, in the case of a forgetful woman.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not hasten to perform ghusl (ritual bath) until the bleeding completely stops, the yellowish and brownish discharges disappear, and nothing remains exiting the private part, such that if a cotton swab is inserted, it comes out white.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Required (Wajib)Indeed, it is only the face and the palms (that are wiped) in tayammum.
Permissible (Mubah)If one does not find water (for a recommended ghusl like for Ihram), tayammum is not legislated for him (as a substitute).
Permissible (Mubah)For one who lacks water while traveling and prays with tayammum, if he then finds water after the prayer time has exited, there is no repetition required of him, by consensus.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to precede all acts of purification with the intention.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to perform istinja' (purification after defecation/urination) with anything that has sanctity, such as something upon which Islamic jurisprudence or Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is written.
Forbidden (Haram)Delegation is not permissible in purification, except for pouring water, delivering water to the limbs, and purifying impurities from the body, clothes, and other things.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A woman may wash her husband.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu Hanifa did not obligate ghusl upon him (the convert) in any situation.
If one penetrates the vagina of an intersex person, or an intersex person inserts their male organ into a vagina, or one of them penetrates the other in their vagina, then ghusl is not required for either of them, because it is possible that the organ is a superfluous creation.
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to look at the deceased unless there is a need.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for those present to lower their gazes from him, except out of need.
Required (Wajib)If its removal would not lead to disfigurement, it should be removed and what is beneath it should be washed.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor for women.
Required (Wajib)As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor (or virtuous act) for women.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a condition is left unspecified (in a sale), then the condition is invalid due to the unknown price.
Forbidden (Haram)Selling before taking possession is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)And he is not allowed to take the set-aside amount itself.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Required (Wajib)So the assignee should take possession of it, and hand it over to the drawee, or authorize the assignor to pay it to the drawee.
Permissible (Mubah)He is not obliged to spend it (the essential asset) to pay off the debt.
Required (Wajib)And he (the assignor) must return what he took from him (the assignee) to him (the assignee).
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for what consists of streets, roads, and open areas between populated places, no one is allowed to revive (claim ownership of) it, whether it is wide or narrow, and whether it inconveniences people or not.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to utilize wide public spaces by sitting there for buying and selling, provided that it does not inconvenience anyone or harm passersby.
Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said concerning the one who arrives first at a market stall in the morning: it belongs to him until night.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if he stipulated for him (the worker) dirhams (a fixed sum) separate from a share of the produce, it is not permissible for that reason.
Forbidden (Haram)The Musāqāt contract is invalid.
Permissible (Mubah)If one of the partners dies and has a sane adult heir, he has the right to continue the partnership, and the [remaining] partner may give him permission to manage.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He is not permitted to ride it if the rider is heavier than the standard agreed upon in the contract.
Permissible (Mubah)If one rents a mount to ride it, he is permitted to ride it if the rider is of a similar weight or lighter than the standard agreed upon in the contract.
Permissible (Mubah)When one rents a house, it is permissible to make the contract general without needing to mention the type of occupancy or its specific details.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the pawning becomes invalid.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi stated: It is not valid to mortgage a Muslim slave to a disbeliever.
Forbidden (Haram)But if he stipulates that nothing of the slave will be released until he repays the entire debt, it is also invalid.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)That which can only be benefited from by consuming it, such as gold, silver, food, and drink, its endowment is not permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)The other narration is that it becomes an endowment for the waqf-giver's closest male relatives (asabah).
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever gives a gift intending it as a kinship tie or as a charity, he may not retract it.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The worker may recourse against the usurper for his customary wages.
Required (Wajib)An `umm al-walad` (a slave woman who bore a child to her master) is liable for usurpation (ghasb).
Forbidden (Haram)Nor is he [the usurped party] allowed to remove it himself.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Required (Wajib)If an agent appoints a trustworthy sub-agent who then becomes untrustworthy, the agent must dismiss them.
Forbidden (Haram)If the seller did not authorize him to receive payment, the buyer's liability for any part of the price is not discharged.
Required (Wajib)Agency is not valid except through offer and acceptance.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to have deferred payment between two counter-values if one is a price (thaman) and the other is a priced item (muthamman), without any disagreement.
Forbidden (Haram)If the Riba causes of two items differ (e.g., a measured item for a weighed item, like selling meat for wheat), one opinion holds that deferred payment (nasa') between them is forbidden.
Permissible (Mubah)If the Riba causes of two items differ (e.g., a measured item for a weighed item, like selling meat for wheat), another opinion holds that deferred payment (nasa') between them is permissible.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the first guarantor pays it, he has recourse against the original debtor, but not against the guarantor for the debtor.
Forbidden (Haram)However, if one guarantees on behalf of another without their permission, they do not have the right to demand the person for whom they guaranteed before paying the debt, under any circumstances.
Forbidden (Haram)If the guarantor is not demanded to pay, he does not have the right to demand the person for whom he guaranteed to clear him.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a disbeliever buys a Muslim relative who would be freed upon purchase, such as his father or brother, the purchase is valid, and the Muslim is freed, according to some of our companions.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi said: He (the authorized slave - ma'dhun) is not permitted to transact on credit, because his debts become the responsibility of the master, thereby harming him, as debt involves risk, unlike the Mukatab.
Permissible (Mubah)The ruling concerning a Mukatab (indentured slave) in what we mentioned is like the ruling concerning the guardian of an orphan, because he is permitted to dispose of what is in his possession for his own benefit.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Lending it to a trustworthy and honest person is better than depositing it, because a deposit is not guaranteed if it perishes.
Permissible (Mubah)His making a slave free upon his death (tadbir) and his will (wasiyah) are valid.
Permissible (Mubah)His making a slave woman Umm Walad (mother of his child) is valid, and the slave woman who is Umm Walad becomes free upon his death.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he knows its owner, he is obligated to inform him; if he does not do so, he becomes liable for it.
Required (Wajib)Qadi said: If it was a shared guarantee, then he is only liable for his share because he did not guarantee the entire amount; rather, he guaranteed his share and informed [the owner] about the guarantee of the rest by the other passengers. Thus, his share became binding on him, and his statement regarding the others was not accepted.
Required (Wajib)The liability is on the launderer, not on the wearer.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Paying the cupper's fee is not disliked.
Permissible (Mubah)As for condiments, sweets, honey, oil, and animal fodder, there is no prohibited hoarding in them.
Permissible (Mubah)But if one purchases it when provisions are abundant and prices are low, in a way that does not cause hardship to anyone, then it is not prohibited.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Required (Wajib)If there is no custom indicating consent, then a verbal statement indicating it is necessary.
Permissible (Mubah)However, with contextual clues and indications, there is no reason to restrict (the contract/transfer) to verbal expression.
Permissible (Mubah)So the condition was invalidated, but the contract was not invalidated.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)So settlement on what is in it (the air above the ground) is permissible, just like what is on the ground.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he is unable, he has the right to annul it.
Forbidden (Haram)If one absolves another of part of a debt, or gifts him part of an asset using the word 'settlement' (sulh) – for instance, by saying: 'Settle with me for half of your debt on me,' or 'for half of this house of yours,' and the other person says: 'I have settled with you for that' – then it is not valid, as mentioned by Al-Qadi and Ibn Aqil.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to replace the specific animal in a grazing contract.
Permissible (Mubah)If some of the specified animals in a grazing contract perish, the rental contract for that portion becomes void, and the shepherd is entitled to a proportionate wage for the remaining animals.
Forbidden (Haram)The contract becomes void if the specific animal (in a grazing contract) perishes.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for the trustee (Ameen) to ask the buyer for cancellation (Iqalah) if the price increases after the contract becomes binding.
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells animals (from the insolvent's assets).
Required (Wajib)Whatever remains from the sale of the offending slave is returned to the creditors.
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Then the analogical deduction of the madhhab is that he is absolved (from compensation).
Required (Wajib)And it is compensated according to the other view.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the offspring of a borrowed item, its compensation is not obligatory, according to one of the two views.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Required (Wajib)Let no one among you die except that you inform me about him.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to improve the shroud of the deceased.
Required (Wajib)And the shroud should be from all of the wealth.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no disagreement regarding the validity of the adhan of a person whose state is unknown.
Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not advance the adhan too much sometimes and delay it sometimes.
Permissible (Mubah)It is possible that it is not disliked for those who are aware of the custom of the Adhan at night.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to visit the grave of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to offer condolences to the deceased's family.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to build upon a grave.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if the Imam were to uproot it (a tree wrongfully planted in the mosque), it would be permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)However, if a palm tree was in a piece of land, and its owner designated that land as a mosque while the tree was still in it, then there is no harm.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm, meaning it is permissible to sell it (the tree that pre-existed the mosque designation) to the neighbors.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Required (Wajib)And it is that he says: 'Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest, and to Allah belongs all praise.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)They may say it, but they should conceal it within themselves.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And when one visits the sick, one should supplicate for them and perform ruqyah for them.
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)A group of scholars disliked it (taking payment for teaching), due to the aforementioned hadith of the bow and garment given to Ubayy and 'Ubada without a condition.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to take compensation for it (an act of worship), neither with nor without a condition, like prayer and fasting.
Permissible (Mubah)The Prophet (PBUH) permitted Ubayy to eat the food of the one he was teaching, if it was his food and the food of his family.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)So recite it with sadness (humility).
Discouraged (Makruh)He (Imam Ahmad) did not dislike the recitation of any of the ten reciters, except the recitation of Hamza and Al-Kisa'i, due to the breaking (of words), assimilation, affectation, and excessive prolongation in it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use the Quran as a substitute for ordinary speech.
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)There is no penalty for it (i.e., for violating the sanctity of the Haram of Madinah by committing a forbidden act).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to take from the trees of the sanctuary of Madinah what is needed for cushions, pillows, and saddles, and from its grass what is needed for fodder.
Forbidden (Haram)Hunting in Medina and cutting its trees and grass are forbidden.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And indeed, we have been forbidden from seeking forgiveness for them (disbelievers).
Forbidden (Haram)As for purely physical acts of worship, such as prayer, fasting, and purification from minor ritual impurity, it is not permissible to delegate them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)(Regarding a matter whose origin is unknown, such as a man whose wealth is mixed with halal and haram, this is a doubtful matter) which it is better to leave.
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Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Required (Wajib)The recipients of this expiation are the same as the recipients of other expiations, because it is an expiation, and because the needy are the recipients of Allah's rights, and this is one of them.
There is no expiation for sexual intercourse (during I'tikaf) according to the apparent view of the madhhab.
Required (Wajib)That expiation is due upon him (who engages in intercourse during I'tikaf).
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A man may travel with his grandfather's umm walad (mother of his child).
Forbidden (Haram)As for those who are permissible for her in some state, such as her slave or her sister's husband, they are not mahram for her. Ahmad explicitly stated this.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel for three days or more, unless her father, or her son, or her husband, or a mahram from her accompanies her.
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not repeat the prompting excessively, nor annoy him.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And he should be made to face the Qiblah.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And if he sees him on the brink of death, he should moisten his throat by dripping water or a drink into it, and moisten his lips with a cotton swab.
+ 13 more rulings
Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no dispute among them that one garment suffices for him [a boy].
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to exceed three garments in the shroud.
Permissible (Mubah)The minimum that suffices for shrouding is one garment that covers all of it.
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if he wishes to perform it (such an act), he is not allowed to do so, whether he vowed it or not.
Forbidden (Haram)He prohibited the 'fast of silence'.
Forbidden (Haram)'There is no silence from day until night.'
+ 2 more rulings
Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bury in a coffin.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise it with more than its own soil.
Discouraged (Makruh)The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade adding more soil to the grave than what came out of its excavation.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded the disciplining of a child for abandoning prayer at that age (ten years old).
Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
Required (Wajib)There is no one among Allah's creation upon whom Hajj and Umrah are not both obligatory, and they are indispensable for whoever can find a way to them.
+ 2 more rulings
Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a judge rules based on the sighting [of the crescent] by the testimony of one witness, it is permissible.
Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to distribute charity in its country, then to the nearest villages and towns.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in giving his zakat in the villages around him, as long as the travel distance does not reach that at which prayer is shortened.
Required (Wajib)He (Imam Ahmad) said: Rather, he must pay zakat on all of it.
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, some of them (different types of grains/fruits) are not combined with others, like fruits (meaning they are not combined for Zakat calculation).
Required (Wajib)The default is the obligation of one-tenth (zakat on agricultural produce), and it is only waived (falls) with the presence of a cost (for irrigation). Therefore, as long as the factor for exemption is not confirmed, the default remains.
Required (Wajib)If the collector and the owner of the wealth disagree on which (method of irrigation) was used more (for the crop), then the statement of the owner of the wealth is accepted without an oath, for people are not made to swear oaths concerning their sadaqat (zakat/charities).
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A non-believer is not given from Zakat, except if they are among those whose hearts are to be reconciled (mu'allafa qulubuhum).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give it directly to those under guardianship (i.e., zakat recipients when the Imam is collecting), just as a guardian of an orphan would not give it directly to the orphan.
Permissible (Mubah)If one gives Zakat to someone he believes to be poor, he does not need to inform him that it is Zakat.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Required (Wajib)Based on the general narrations and reasoning that a Muslim slave is owned by those capable of paying Zakat al-Fitr, his Zakat al-Fitr is upon the co-owners.
Required (Wajib)In one narration, it is obligatory for each co-owner to pay one saa' [of Zakat al-Fitr] for the shared slave.
Required (Wajib)In the second narration, one saa' in total is due from all co-owners for the shared slave, with each contributing proportionally to their share of ownership. This is the apparent view of Ahmad.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Pasturing (sā'imah) is a condition for the obligation of Zakat.
Required (Wajib)The Sharia made it obligatory to give something other than the same kind (of camels) when the number is less than twenty-five camels.
Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded me not to take anything for the numbers in between those (specified thresholds), unless it reached the amount of a musinnah or a jadh'a (meaning a tabi'). He claimed there is no obligatory zakat on the intermediate numbers (awqas).
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to provide food for a fasting person to break their fast.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Because giving charity for doubtful matters is recommendable.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is reported from Ahmad that they (the buyer and seller) should give the increase (in value) in charity.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Malik and Shafi'i said: Zakat is not due except on gold and silver.
Required (Wajib)Then Zakat on the mineral is obligatory upon him, not Zakat on the price, because Zakat is only connected to the mineral itself, or its value if it is not a currency.
Required (Wajib)Zakat is due from the seller, because it became obligatory while it was in his possession, just as if he sold fruit after its ripeness became apparent.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the one withholding Zakat is outside the Imam's control, he should be fought.
Forbidden (Haram)If he defrauds his wealth and conceals it so that the Imam does not take its Zakat (this action is forbidden).
Required (Wajib)He (the Imam) should take it (Zakat) and punish him (ta'zeer), and not take anything extra beyond it.
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is recounted that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took the fifth (Khums) from ambergris.
Required (Wajib)Rikaz (buried treasure) on which Khums (one-fifth) is due includes all types of wealth, such as gold, silver, iron, lead, brass, copper, utensils, and other similar items.
Required (Wajib)The Khums (one-fifth) is obligatory on both small and large amounts of Rikaz (buried treasure).
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.