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Human Weakness

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Human Weakness

ضَعْفُ الْإِنْسَان

Human weakness, or *ḍaʻf al-insān*, is a profound theme in Islamic tradition, acknowledging the inherent frailty and limitations of humanity. It encompasses our physical vulnerability, emotional susceptibility, and our predisposition to forgetfulness, error, and temptation. Far from being a condemnation, this divine insight fosters humility and strengthens our reliance on Allah. The Quran beautifully illustrates this by stating, *mankind was created weak* [4:28], highlighting that our very constitution is one of dependence. Allah, in His infinite mercy and wisdom, is fully aware of these limitations. He *knows that among you is weakness* [8:66], and this understanding underpins His desire to ease burdens and lighten difficulties for us. This divine compassion is a source of immense comfort, reminding us that we are not expected to be perfect. Even prophets, like Lut (peace be upon him), felt the weight of their human limitations, wishing he *had against you some power or could take refuge in a strong support* [11:80]. Recognizing this intrinsic frailty encourages believers to constantly turn to Allah for strength, guidance, and forgiveness, fostering a deeper connection and appreciation for His boundless grace.

Quran 24 verses

يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ وَخُلِقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ ضَعِيفًا

Yureedul laahu ai yukhaffifa 'ankum; wa khuliqal insaanu da'eefaa

And Allah wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak.

خدا چاہتا ہے کہ تم پر سے بوجھ ہلکا کرے اور انسان (طبعاً) کمزور پیدا ہوا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: After this, in the first part of verse 28, it was said: يُرِ‌يدُ اللَّـهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ : It means that Allah, great in His majesty, intends to make things easy on you, that is, prescribes injunctions which can be carried out by everyone obligated with them. If one cannot afford marrying fre...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: God desires to lighten things for you and make the rulings of the Law easier for you; for man was created weak unable to abstain from women and passions.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ (And to show you the ways of those before you,) meaning their righteous ways and how to adhere to the commandments that He likes and is pleased with. وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ (and accept your repentance) from sin and error, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (and Al...

ٱلْـَٰٔنَ خَفَّفَ ٱللَّهُ عَنكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّا۟ئَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا۟ مِا۟ئَتَيْنِ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوٓا۟ أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ

Al'aana khaffafal laahu 'ankum wa 'alima anna feekum da'faa; fa-iny yakum minkum mi'atun saabiratuny yaghliboo mi'atayn; wa iny-yakum minkum alfuny yaghlibooo alfaini bi iznil laah; wallaahu ma'as saabireen

Now, Allah has lightened [the hardship] for you, and He knows that among you is weakness. So if there are from you one hundred [who are] steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you a thousand, they will overcome two thousand by permission of Allah. And Allah is with the steadfast.

اب خدا نے تم پر سے بوجھ ہلکا کر دیا اور معلوم کرلیا کہ (ابھی) تم میں کسی قدر کمزوری ہے۔ پس اگر تم میں ایک سو ثابت قدم رہنے والے ہوں گے تو دو سو پر غالب رہیں گے۔ اور اگر ایک ہزار ہوں گے تو خدا کے حکم سے دو ہزار پر غالب رہیں گے۔ اور خدا ثابت قدم رہنے والوں کا مدد گار ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the fourth verse (66), by abrogating this injunction for future, the second injunction given was: الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّـهُ عَنكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا ۚ فَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّائَةٌ صَابِرَ‌ةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ ۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّـهِ ۗ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Now God has lightened the burden for you for He knows that there is weakness read du‘fan or da‘fan in you making you unable to fight ten times your number. So if there be read as yakun or takun a hundred of you steadfast they will overcome two hundred of them; and if there be a thousand of you they ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Encouraging Believers to fight in Jihad; the Good News that a Few Muslims can overcome a Superior Enemy Force Allah encourages His Prophet and the believers to fight and struggle against the enemy, and wage war against their forces. Allah affirms that He will suffice, aid, support, and help the beli...

لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِى مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنكُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُم مُّدْبِرِينَ

Laqad nasarakumul laahu fee mawaatina kaseeratinw wa yawma Hunainin iz a'jabatkum kasratukum falam tughni 'ankum shai'anw wa daaqat 'alaikumul ardu bimaa rahubat summa wallaitum mudbireen

Allah has already given you victory in many regions and [even] on the day of Hunayn, when your great number pleased you, but it did not avail you at all, and the earth was confining for you with its vastness; then you turned back, fleeing.

خدا نے بہت سے موقعوں پر تم کو مدد دی ہے اور (جنگ) حنین کے دن۔ جب تم کو اپنی (جماعت کی) کثرت پر غرّہ تھا تو وہ تمہارے کچھ بھی کام نہ آئی۔ اور زمین باوجود (اتنی بڑی) فراخی کے تم پر تنگ ہوگئی پھر تم پیٹھ پھیر کر پھر گئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary: Described in the verses cited about are events relating to the scenario of defeat and victory at the battle of Hunain. Along with it, several primary and subsidiary problems have also been resolved as a corollary. As the verse opens, Allah Ta` ala mentions His favour and grace which has ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: God has already helped you on many fields of battle such as Badr and against Qurayza and al-Nadīr and remember on the day of Hunayn — a valley between Mecca and Tā’if; that is remember the day on which you fought Hawāzin — this was in Shawwāl in year 8 of the Hijra when idh substitutes for yawma ‘th...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Outcome of Victory by Way of the Unseen Aid Ibn Jurayj reported from Mujahid that this was the first Ayah of Bara'ah in which Allah, the Exalted, reminds the believers how He favored and blessed them by giving them victory in many battles with His Messenger . Allah mentioned that victory comes f...

قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِى بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أَوْ ءَاوِىٓ إِلَىٰ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ

Qaala law anna lee bikum quwwatan aw aaweee ilaa ruknin shadeed

He said, "If only I had against you some power or could take refuge in a strong support."

لوط نے کہا اے کاش مجھ میں تمہارے مقابلے کی طاقت ہوتی یا کسی مضبوط قلعے میں پناہ پکڑ سکتا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Totally exasperated, what Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) could say at that time was: لَوْ أَنَّ لِي بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أَوْ آوِي إِلَىٰ رُ‌كْنٍ شَدِيدٍ that is, ` only if I had enough strength in me to stand against this onslaught by my people, or that I had the backing of some strong group who would have h...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: He said ‘Would that I had strength power to resist you or could resort to some strong support!’ to some clan that would help me I would surely fall upon you. So when the angels saw this
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Lut's Inability, His Desire for Strength and the Angels' Informing Him of the Reality Allah, the Exalted says that Lut was threatening them with his statement, لَوْ أَنَّ لِى بِكُمْ قُوَّةً (Would that I had strength (men) to overpower you,) meaning, `I would surely have made an example of you and d...

وَكَانُوا۟ يَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ ٱلْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا ءَامِنِينَ

Wa kaanoo yanhitoona minal jibaali buyootan aamineen

And they used to carve from the mountains, houses, feeling secure.

اور وہ پہاڑوں کو تراش تراش کر گھر بناتے تھے (کہ) امن (واطمینان) سے رہیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Aikah means a dense forest. There are other views too. Some commentators say that there was a dense forest near Madyan, therefore, Aikah is actually the title of the people of Madyan. Others have said that the people of Aikah and the people of Madyan were two different people. It was afte...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And they used to hew out dwellings from the mountains feeling secure.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Destruction of the Dwellers of Al-Hijr, Who are the People called Thamud The Dwellers of the Al Hijr were the people of Thamud who rejected their Prophet, Salih. Whoever denies even one Messenger, then he has disbelieved in all of the Messengers, thus they are described as rejecting "the Messeng...

وَلَا تَمْشِ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا إِنَّكَ لَن تَخْرِقَ ٱلْأَرْضَ وَلَن تَبْلُغَ ٱلْجِبَالَ طُولًا

Wa laa tamshi fil ardi marahan innaka lan takhriqal arda wa lan tablughal jibaala toola

And do not walk upon the earth exultantly. Indeed, you will never tear the earth [apart], and you will never reach the mountains in height.

اور زمین پر اکڑ کر (اور تن کر) مت چل کہ تو زمین کو پھاڑ تو نہیں ڈالے گا اور نہ لمبا ہو کر پہاڑوں (کی چوٹی) تک پہنچ جائے گا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The thirteenth injunction appearing in the second of the two cited verses (37) is: وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْ‌ضِ مَرَ‌حًا (And do not walk on the earth haughtily). It means that one should not walk in a way that shows arrogance, pride and exultation, for this is an idiotic act. It is as if one would l...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And do not walk in the earth exultantly that is exultant with pride and conceit. Indeed you will not rend the earth you will not pierce it and reach its depths with your pride nor attain the mountains in height the meaning is that you shall never attain such ends so how can you be so arrogant?
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Condemnation of strutting Allah forbids His servants to strut and walk in a boastful manner: وَلاَ تَمْشِ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مَرَحًا (And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance.) meaning, walking in boastful manner and acting proud, like those who are arrogant oppressors. إِنَّكَ لَن تَخْرِقَ ا...

قَالَ لَا تُؤَاخِذْنِى بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا تُرْهِقْنِى مِنْ أَمْرِى عُسْرًا

Qaala laa tu'aakhiznee bimaa naseetu wa laa turhiqnee min amree 'usraa

[Moses] said, "Do not blame me for what I forgot and do not cover me in my matter with difficulty."

(موسیٰ نے) کہا کہ جو بھول مجھ سے ہوئی اس پر مواخذہ نہ کیجیئے اور میرے معاملے میں مجھ پر مشکل نہ ڈالئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It was said in verse 71: أَخَرَ‌قْتَهَا لِتُغْرِ‌قَ أَهْلَهَا (Did you break it that you drown its people?). About it, it appears in the Hadith of the Sahihs of al-Bukhari and Muslim that al-Khadir (علیہ السلام) had dislodged a plank of the boat with an axe because of which there was a da...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: He said ‘Do not take me to task on account of that which I forgot that is on account of the fact that I was not mindful of submitting to you in the matter and of refraining from showing disapproval of your actions and do not exhaust me do not charge me in this affair of mine with difficulty’ with ha...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Damaging the Boat Allah tells us that Musa and his companion Al-Khidr set out having come to an agreement and reached an understanding. Al-Khidr had made the condition that Musa should not ask him about anything he found distasteful until he himself initiated the discussion and offered an explanatio...

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَهَنَ ٱلْعَظْمُ مِنِّى وَٱشْتَعَلَ ٱلرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا وَلَمْ أَكُنۢ بِدُعَآئِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا

Qaala Rabbi innee wahanal'azmu minnee washta'alar raasu shaibanw wa lam akum bidu'aaa'ika Rabbi shaqiyyaa

He said, "My Lord, indeed my bones have weakened, and my head has filled with white, and never have I been in my supplication to You, my Lord, unhappy.

(اور) کہا کہ اے میرے پروردگار میری ہڈیاں بڑھاپے کے سبب کمزور ہوگئی ہیں اور سر (ہے کہ) بڑھاپے (کی وجہ سے) شعلہ مارنے لگا ہے اور اے میرے پروردگار میں تجھ سے مانگ کر کبھی محروم نہیں رہا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: إِنِّي وَهَنَ الْعَظْمُ مِنِّي وَاشْتَعَلَ الرَّ‌أْسُ شَيْبًا "Here I am that bones within me have turned feeble, and the head has flared up grey with old age." - 19:4 Human body becomes weak with the aging of bones, because it is the bones which keep the body firm and upright. When bones lose their...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: He said ‘My Lord truly the bones all the bones within me have become feeble weak and my head is alight with grey hair shayban a specification derived from the subject of the verb in other words hoariness has spread throughout his hairs just as a spark of fire spreads through firewood and I wish to s...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded a Hadith of Umm Salamah in his Sirah, and Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from Ibn Mas`ud, the story of the Hijrah (migration) to Ethiopia from Makkah. The narration mentions that Ja`far bin Abi Talib recited the first part of this Surah to An-Najas...

قَالَا رَبَّنَآ إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَن يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَآ أَوْ أَن يَطْغَىٰ

Qaalaa Rabbanaaa innanaa nakhaafu ai yafruta 'alainaaa aw ai yatghaa

They said, "Our Lord, indeed we are afraid that he will hasten [punishment] against us or that he will transgress."

دونوں کہنے لگے کہ ہمارے پروردگار ہمیں خوف ہے کہ ہم پر تعدی کرنے لگے یا زیادہ سرکش ہوجائے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Why was Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) afraid? The words إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ (We are afraid) signifies that here Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) expressed twofold fear before Allah. The first fear is pointed out by the word أَن يَفْرُ‌طَ which means to cross all bou...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The two of them said ‘Our Lord We truly fear that he may forestall us that is by hastening to punish us or become tyrannical’ against us that is be high-handed with us.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa's fear of Fir`awn and Allah's strengthening Him Allah, the Exalted, informs that Musa and Harun pleaded to Allah, expressing their grievance to him: إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَن يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَآ أَوْ أَن يَطْغَى (Verily, we fear lest he should hasten to punish us or lest he should transgress.) They m...

فَأَوْجَسَ فِى نَفْسِهِۦ خِيفَةً مُّوسَىٰ

Fa awjasa fee nafsihee kheefatam Moosa

And he sensed within himself apprehension, did Moses.

(اُس وقت) موسیٰ نے اپنے دل میں خوف معلوم کیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: فَأَوْجَسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ خِيفَةً مُّوسَىٰ (So Musa concealed some fear in his heart - 20:67.). The sight of so many snakes crawling around evoked a sense of fear in Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) which he did not reveal to anyone. Even if this fear was for his own personal safety then it can be regarded...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And Moses sensed fear within himself that is to say he feared that if the effect of their sorcery was of the same kind as his miracle he would become suspect in people’s minds and they would not believe in him.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Competition, Musa's Victory, and the Magician's Faith Allah, the Exalted, informs about the magicians when they met Musa, that they said to Musa, إِمَّآ أَن تُلْقِىَ ("Either you throw first...") meaning, "you go first." وَإِمَّآ أَن نَّكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَلْقَىقَالَ بَلْ أَلْقُواْ ("...or we b...

وَلَقَدْ عَهِدْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ ءَادَمَ مِن قَبْلُ فَنَسِىَ وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُۥ عَزْمًا

Wa laqad 'ahidnaaa ilaaa Aadama min qablu fanasiya wa lam najid lahoo 'azmaa

And We had already taken a promise from Adam before, but he forgot; and We found not in him determination.

اور ہم نے پہلے آدم سے عہد لیا تھا مگر وہ (اسے) بھول گئے اور ہم نے ان میں صبر وثبات نہ دیکھا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary _ And now we come to the story of Sayyidna 'Adam (علیہ السلام) which has been related earlier in Surah Al-Baqarah and Al-A` raf and partly in Surah Hijr and Al-Kahf, and will also appear later in Surah Sad. The link of the story with the preceding verses has been variously explained by th...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We made a covenant with Adam We enjoined him not to eat of the tree before that is before he ate of it but he forgot he disregarded Our covenant and We did not find in him any constancy any resoluteness or patience in abiding by what We forbade him from.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Story of Adam and Iblis Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Verily, man was named Insan only because he was given a covenant, but he forgot it (Nasiya)." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported the same from Ibn `Abbas. Mujahid and Al-Hasan said that he forgot means, "He abandoned it." Concerning...

فَلَمَّا تَرَٰٓءَا ٱلْجَمْعَانِ قَالَ أَصْحَٰبُ مُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُونَ

Falammaa taraaa'al jam'aani qaala as haabu Moosaaa innaa lamudrakoon

And when the two companies saw one another, the companions of Moses said, "Indeed, we are to be overtaken!"

جب دونوں جماعتیں آمنے سامنے ہوئیں تو موسیٰ کے ساتھی کہنے لگے کہ ہم تو پکڑ لئے گئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: قَالَ أَصْحَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِنَّا لَمُدْرَ‌كُونَ ﴿61﴾ قَالَ كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَ‌بِّي سَيَهْدِينِ ﴿62﴾ (The Companions of Musa said: "Surely we are overtaken." He said, "Never! Indeed with me is my Lord. He will guide me -26:61-62. When the Pharaoh's army, which was in their pursuit, reached right ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when the two hosts sighted each other the companions of Moses said ‘We have been caught!’ Pharaoh’s hosts have caught us up and we have no power against them.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Fir`awn's Pursuit and Expulsion of the Children of Israel, and how He and His People were drowned More than one of the scholars of Tafsir said that Fir`awn set out with a huge group, a group containing the leaders and entire government of Egypt at that time, i.e., the decision-makers and influential...

وَدَخَلَ ٱلْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ وَهَٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَٱسْتَغَٰثَهُ ٱلَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ عَلَى ٱلَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَوَكَزَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ إِنَّهُۥ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ

Wa dakhalal madeenata 'alaa heene ghaflatim min ahlihaa fawajada feeha raju laini yaqtatilaani haazaa min shee'atihee wa haaza min 'aduwwihee fastaghaasahul lazee min shee'atihee 'alal lazee min 'aduwwihee fawakazahoo Moosaa faqadaa 'alaihi qaala haaza min 'amalish Shaitaani innahoo 'aduwwum mmudillum mubeen

And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and [unintentionally] killed him. [Moses] said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."

اور وہ ایسے وقت شہر میں داخل ہوئے کہ وہاں کے باشندے بےخبر ہو رہے تھے تو دیکھا کہ وہاں دو شخص لڑ رہے تھے ایک تو موسٰی کی قوم کا ہے اور دوسرا اُن کے دشمنوں میں سے تو جو شخص اُن کی قوم میں سے تھا اس نے دوسرے شخص کے مقابلے میں جو موسٰی کے دشمنوں میں سے تھا مدد طلب کی تو اُنہوں نے اس کو مکا مارا اور اس کا کام تمام کر دیا کہنے لگے کہ یہ کام تو (اغوائے) شیطان سے ہوا بیشک وہ (انسان کا) دشمن اور صریح بہکانے والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَاسْتَوَىٰ (And when he reached his maturity and became perfect - 28:14). The literal meaning of 'ashudd (أَشُدَّ ) is to attain the peak of strength or intensity. For instance a person gradually develops from the position of juvenile weakness to the strength of...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And he Moses entered the city Pharaoh’s city Memphis having been absent from it for a while at a time when its people were oblivious the time of the afternoon nap and found therein two men fighting one of his own faction namely an Israelite and the other of his enemies in other words an Egyptian who...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): How Musa killed a Coptic Man Having described Musa's beginnings, Allah then tells us that when he reached maturity, and was complete in stature, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge. Mujahid said that this means prophethood. وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ (And thus do We reward the doers o...

فَأَصْبَحَ فِى ٱلْمَدِينَةِ خَآئِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِى ٱسْتَنصَرَهُۥ بِٱلْأَمْسِ يَسْتَصْرِخُهُۥ قَالَ لَهُۥ مُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّكَ لَغَوِىٌّ مُّبِينٌ

Fa asbaha fil madeenati khaaa'ifany yataraqqabu fa izal lazis tansarahoo bil amsi yastasrikhuh; qaala lahoo moosaaa innaka laghawiyyum mubeen

And he became inside the city fearful and anticipating [exposure], when suddenly the one who sought his help the previous day cried out to him [once again]. Moses said to him, "Indeed, you are an evident, [persistent] deviator."

الغرض صبح کے وقت شہر میں ڈرتے ڈرتے داخل ہوئے کہ دیکھیں (کیا ہوتا ہے) تو ناگہاں وہی شخص جس نے کل اُن سے مدد مانگی تھی پھر اُن کو پکار رہا ہے۔ موسٰی نے اس سے کہا کہ تُو تو صریح گمراہ ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: قَالَ رَ‌بِّ بِمَا أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرً‌ا لِّلْمُجْرِ‌مِينَ (He [ Musa ] said, "0 my Lord, since You have favoured me, I will never be a supporter to the sinners." -28:17). When Allah Ta’ ala pardoned this slip of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) he said in gratitude to Allah Ta` ala...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: In the morning he was in the city fearful vigilant waiting to see what would happen to him in reaction from the side of the slain man; — when behold the one who had sought his help the day before cried out to him for help again asking for his help against another Egyptian. Moses said to him ‘Clearly...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): How the Secret of this Killing became known Allah tells us that when Musa killed that Coptic, فِى الْمَدِينَةِ خَآئِفاً (he became afraid in the city) meaning, of the consequences of his action, يَتَرَقَّبُ (looking about) means, turning around and watching out, waiting for the consequences of his a...

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْسًا فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ

Qaala Rabbi innee qataltu minhum nafsan fa akhaafu ai yaqtuloon

He said, "My Lord, indeed, I killed from among them someone, and I fear they will kill me.

موسٰی نے کہا اے پروردگار اُن میں کا ایک شخص میرے ہاتھ سے قتل ہوچکا ہے سو مجھے خوف ہے کہ وہ (کہیں) مجھ کو مار نہ ڈالیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: نُودِيَ مِن شَاطِئِ الْوَادِ الْأَيْمَنِ فِي الْبُقْعَةِ الْمُبَارَ‌كَةِ مِنَ الشَّجَرَ‌ةِ أَن يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّـهُ رَ‌بُّ الْعَالَمِينَ He was called by a voice coming from a side of the right valley in the blessed ground, from the tree, saying" 0 Musa, I am Allah, the Lord of the worl...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: He said ‘My Lord I have indeed slain a soul among them — the mentioned Egyptian — and so I fear that they will slay me because of him.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): How Musa asked for the Support of His Brother and was granted that by Allah When Allah commanded him to go to Fir`awn, the one who he had run away from and whose vengeance he feared, قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى قَتَلْتُ مِنْهُمْ نَفْساً ( Musa said: My Lord! I have killed a man among them,) meaning, that Cop...

إِذْ جَآءُوكُم مِّن فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتِ ٱلْأَبْصَٰرُ وَبَلَغَتِ ٱلْقُلُوبُ ٱلْحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِٱللَّهِ ٱلظُّنُونَا۠

Iz jaaa'ookum min fawqikum wa min asfala minkum wa iz zaaghatil absaaru wa balaghatil quloobul hanaajira wa tazunnoona billaahiz zunoonaa

[Remember] when they came at you from above you and from below you, and when eyes shifted [in fear], and hearts reached the throats and you assumed about Allah [various] assumptions.

جب وہ تمہارے اُوپر اور نیچے کی طرف سے تم پر چڑھ آئے اور جب آنکھیں پھر گئیں اور دل (مارے دہشت کے) گلوں تک پہنچ گئے اور تم خدا کی نسبت طرح طرح کے گمان کرنے لگے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Identified in the previous verses was the great station of the Holy Prophet ﷺ along with the instruction to Muslims that they should follow and obey him totally and perfectly. Congruent to this, these two full sections of the Qur'an have been revealed about the event of the battle of al-A...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When they came at you from above you and from below you in other words from the higher side of the valley and from its lower side from the east and from the west and when the eyes turned away in fear from everything to gaze at their enemies approaching from every side and the hearts lept to the thro...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Campaign of the Confederates (Al-Ahzab) Allah tells us of the blessings and favors He bestowed upon His believing servants when He diverted their enemies and defeated them in the year when they gathered together and plotted. That was the year of Al-Khandaq, in Shawwal of the year 5 AH according ...

إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا ٱلْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱلْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَن يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ ظَلُومًا جَهُولًا

Innaa 'aradnal amaanata 'alas samaawaati walardi wal jibaali fa abaina ai yahmil nahaa wa ashfaqna minhaa wa hamalahal insaanu innahoo kaana zalooman jahoolaa

Indeed, we offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and they declined to bear it and feared it; but man [undertook to] bear it. Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant.

ہم نے (بار) امانت کو آسمانوں اور زمین پر پیش کیا تو انہوں نے اس کے اٹھانے سے انکار کیا اور اس سے ڈر گئے۔ اور انسان نے اس کو اٹھا لیا۔ بےشک وہ ظالم اور جاہل تھا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Emphasis has been placed in this entire Surah on the reverence of the Messenger of Allah and on the obligation of obeying him. Now in the later part of the Surah, the great station and rank of this obedience has been identified. Here, the obedience to Allah and His Messenger and the imple...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Indeed We offered the Trust — the obligation to prayer and other matters which when performed result in reward and when neglected result in punishment — to the heavens and the earth and the mountains and created in them the power of comprehension and speech at the time of that offer but they refused...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): How Man bore the Amanah Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Al-Amanah means obedience. This was offered to them before it was offered to Adam, and they could not bear it. Then Allah said to Adam: `I have offered the Amanah to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and they could not bear ...

لَّا يَسْـَٔمُ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ مِن دُعَآءِ ٱلْخَيْرِ وَإِن مَّسَّهُ ٱلشَّرُّ فَيَـُٔوسٌ قَنُوطٌ

Laa yas'amul insaanu min du'aaa'il khairi wa im massa hush sharru fa ya'oosun qanoot

Man is not weary of supplication for good [things], but if evil touches him, he is hopeless and despairing.

انسان بھلائی کی دعائیں کرتا کرتا تو تھکتا نہیں اور اگر تکلیف پہنچ جاتی ہے تو ناامید ہوجاتا اور آس توڑ بیٹھتا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: أَأَعْجَمِيٌّ وَعَرَ‌بِيٌّ (Is it a non- Arabic [ book ] and an Arab [ messenger ]? - 44) The original word used for non-Arabic in the text is a'jamiyy (with hamza before the letter 'ain) which is an Arabic term for ` ineloquent speech', while ` ajam' (without hamzah in its beginning) means any nati...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Man never wearies of supplicating for good in other words he never ceases to ask his Lord for wealth and good health and other good things but should any ill befall him such as impoverishment or hardship then he becomes despondent despairing of God’s mercy — this and what follows relates to the atti...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Man is fickle when Ease comes to Him after Difficulty Allah tells us that man never gets bored of asking his Lord for good things, such as wealth, physical health, etc., but if evil touches him -- i.e., trials and difficulties or poverty -- فَيَئُوسٌ قَنُوطٌ (then he gives up all hope and is lost in...

فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمْ يَنكُثُونَ

Falammaa kashafnaa 'anhumul 'azaaba izaa hum yankusoon

But when We removed from them the affliction, at once they broke their word.

سو جب ہم نے ان سے عذاب کو دور کردیا تو وہ عہد شکنی کرنے لگے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Incidents related to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) have been stated by the Qur'an at many places repeatedly, and the incidents referred to in the present verses have been described in detail in Surah Al-A` raf. The reason for reminding these incidents here is to show that the objection of t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But as soon as We relieved them by the supplication of Moses from the chastisement behold! they had broken their pledge reneging on their covenant and persisting in their disbelief.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Musa was sent with the Message of Tawhid to Fir`awn and His Chiefs Here Allah tells us about His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, and how He sent him to Fir`awn and his chiefs. That is, his governors, ministers, leaders and followers among the Egyptians and the Children of Israel. Alla...

إِن يَسْـَٔلْكُمُوهَا فَيُحْفِكُمْ تَبْخَلُوا۟ وَيُخْرِجْ أَضْغَٰنَكُمْ

Iny yas'alkumoohaa fa yuhfikum tabkhaloo wa yukhrij adghaanakum

If He should ask you for them and press you, you would withhold, and He would expose your unwillingness.

اگر وہ تم سے مال طلب کرے اور تمہیں تنگ کرے تو تم بخل کرنے لگو اور وہ (بخل) تمہاری بدنیتی ظاہر کرکے رہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: إِنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا (The worldly life is but play and pastime - 47:36.) As Muslims have been enjoined to fight in the cause of Allah, they will, for this purpose, have to make sacrifices of life and money. But the love of this world is the only thing that can prevent man from fighting. In...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: If He were to ask you for it and press you demand it persistently you would be niggardly and this niggardliness would expose your rancour towards the religion of Islam.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Showing the Triviality of the Worldly Life and encouraging Spending Expressing the insignificance and worthlessness of the worldly life, Allah says, إِنَّمَا الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ (This worldly life is only amusement and diversion.) which means that such is its outcome, except for th...

هَٰٓأَنتُمْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنفِقُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَمِنكُم مَّن يَبْخَلُ وَمَن يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَن نَّفْسِهِۦ وَٱللَّهُ ٱلْغَنِىُّ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوٓا۟ أَمْثَٰلَكُم

haaa antum haaa'ulaaa'i tud'awna litunfiqoo fee sabeelillaahi faminkum many yabkhalu wa many yabkhal fa innamaa yabkhalu 'an nafsih; wallaahu Ghaniyyu wa antumul fuqaraaa'; wa in tatwal law yastabdil qawman ghairakum summa laa yakoonooo amsaalakum

Here you are - those invited to spend in the cause of Allah - but among you are those who withhold [out of greed]. And whoever withholds only withholds [benefit] from himself; and Allah is the Free of need, while you are the needy. And if you turn away, He will replace you with another people; then they will not be the likes of you.

دیکھو تم وہ لوگ ہو کہ خدا کی راہ میں خرچ کرنے کے لئے بلائے جاتے ہو۔ تو تم میں ایسے شخص بھی ہیں جو بخل کرنے لگتے ہیں۔ اور جو بخل کرتا ہے اپنے آپ سے بخل کرتا ہے۔ اور خدا بےنیاز ہے اور تم محتاج۔ اور اگر تم منہ پھیرو گے تو وہ تمہاری جگہ اور لوگوں کو لے آئے گا اور وہ تمہاری طرح کے نہیں ہوں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ فَمِنكُم مَّن يَبْخَلُ "... you are called upon to spend in Allah's way, but some of you withhold in miserliness". Further the verse reads: وَمَن يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ (and he who withholds in miserliness withholds against himself - 47...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Lo! there you are O those who are being called to expend in the way of God that which has been prescribed for you; yet among you there are those who are niggardly; and whoever is niggardly is niggardly only to his own soul one may say bakhila ‘alayhi or bakhila ‘anhu to mean ‘he was niggardly to som...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Showing the Triviality of the Worldly Life and encouraging Spending Expressing the insignificance and worthlessness of the worldly life, Allah says, إِنَّمَا الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ (This worldly life is only amusement and diversion.) which means that such is its outcome, except for th...

وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُونَ

Wa antum heena'izin tanzuroon

And you are at that time looking on -

اور تم اس وقت کی (حالت کو) دیکھا کرتے ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the current verse the word is used in the sense of hypocrisy and rejection of Allah's verses carelessly. لَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ ﴿83﴾ وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُ‌ونَ ﴿84﴾ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَ‌بُ إِلَيْهِ مِنكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لَّا تُبْصِرُ‌ونَ ﴿85﴾ فَلَوْلَا إِن كُنتُمْ غَيْرَ‌ مَدِينِينَ ﴿86﴾...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: and you are O you attending the dying person at that moment looking at him —
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): When the Soul reaches the Throat at the Time of Death, it cannot be brought back; this proves Reckon Allah the Exalted said, فَلَوْلاَ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ (Then why do you not (intervene) when it reaches), in reference to the soul, الْحُلْقُومَ (Al-Hulqum), i.e., the throat, at the time of death. Allah t...

تَرْجِعُونَهَآ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ

Tarji'oonahaaa in kuntum saadiqeen

Bring it back, if you should be truthful?

تو اگر سچے ہو تو روح کو پھیر کیوں نہیں لیتے؟

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the current verse the word is used in the sense of hypocrisy and rejection of Allah's verses carelessly. لَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ ﴿83﴾ وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُ‌ونَ ﴿84﴾ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَ‌بُ إِلَيْهِ مِنكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لَّا تُبْصِرُ‌ونَ ﴿85﴾ فَلَوْلَا إِن كُنتُمْ غَيْرَ‌ مَدِينِينَ ﴿86﴾...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: do you not bring it back why do you not restore the spirit to the body after it has reached the throat if you are truthful? in what you claim the second law-lā ‘why … if’ is repeated to emphasise the first one; idhā ‘when’ is an adverbial particle qualifying tarji‘ūna ‘bring it back’ to which both c...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): When the Soul reaches the Throat at the Time of Death, it cannot be brought back; this proves Reckon Allah the Exalted said, فَلَوْلاَ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ (Then why do you not (intervene) when it reaches), in reference to the soul, الْحُلْقُومَ (Al-Hulqum), i.e., the throat, at the time of death. Allah t...

فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن قُوَّةٍ وَلَا نَاصِرٍ

Famaa lahoo min quwwatinw wa laa naasir

Then man will have no power or any helper.

تو انسان کی کچھ پیش نہ چل سکے گی اور نہ کوئی اس کا مددگار ہو گا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: إِنَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَجْعِهِ لَقَادِرٌ (Surely He is Powerful to bring him back...86:8) The word raj means 'to bring back'. The verse signifies that Allah Who has created him from a drop of seminal fluid is well able to bring him back to life after death a fortiori. يَوْمَ تُبْلَى السَّرَائِرُ (on a day ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: whereat he the one who denies resurrection will have neither strength to defend himself against chastisement nor any helper to avert it from him.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat At-Tariq An-Nasa'i recorded that Jabir said, "Mu`adh lead the Maghrib prayer and he recited Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa'. So the Prophet said, «أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ يَا مُعَاذُ، مَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاه...

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