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Those your right hand possesses

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Those your right hand possesses

مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُم

The Quranic term مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُم (*Mā malakat aymānukum*), often translated as "those your right hand possesses," refers primarily to bondswomen and female captives of war within the historical context of its revelation. While the Quran did not abolish the institution of slavery outright, it introduced extensive regulations, rights, and ethical guidelines designed to elevate their status, protect them from exploitation, and facilitate their eventual emancipation. Islam mandated kind treatment for them, listing them alongside relatives, orphans, and the needy as those deserving of compassion and support [4:36]. Specific conditions were outlined for marriage to them, particularly for those unable to marry free believing women, emphasizing the need for consent and due compensation [4:25]. The Quran also permits intimate relations with [their wives or those their right hands possess], specifying that they are [not blamed] for it [23:6], but within a framework of clear rules and responsibilities, distinct from casual or exploitative relationships. Furthermore, if one feared injustice with orphan girls, the Quran permitted marrying [those your right hand possesses] as an alternative to multiple free wives to ensure justice [4:3]. These verses underscore a comprehensive, albeit historically bound, framework aimed at gradually improving their conditions and encouraging freedom within the societal realities of the time.

Quran 10 verses

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا۟ فِى ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُوا۟ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا۟ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا۟

Wa in khiftum allaa tuqsitoo fil yataamaa fankihoo maa taaba lakum minan nisaaa'i masnaa wa sulaasa wa rubaa'a fa'in khiftum allaa ta'diloo fawaahidatan aw maa malakat aimaanukum; zaalika adnaaa allaa ta'ooloo

And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].

اور اگر تم کو اس بات کا خوف ہو کہ یتیم لڑکیوں کے بارےانصاف نہ کرسکوگے تو ان کے سوا جو عورتیں تم کو پسند ہوں دو دو یا تین تین یا چار چار ان سے نکاح کرلو۔ اور اگر اس بات کا اندیشہ ہو کہ (سب عورتوں سے) یکساں سلوک نہ کرسکو گے تو ایک عورت (کافی ہے) یا لونڈی جس کے تم مالک ہو۔ اس سے تم بےانصافی سے بچ جاؤ گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence In the previous verse, guardians were warned against pilferage or misappropriation in the property of orphans. The present verse is an extension of the basic command from another angle. Here they are warned against any attempt to marry orphaned girls under their guardianship hoping to get a...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: If you fear that you will not act justly that you will not be equitable towards the orphans and are thus distressed in this matter then also fear lest you be unjust towards women when you marry them; marry such mā means man women as seem good to you two or three or four that is each man may marry tw...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Protecting the Property of the Orphans Allah commands that the property of the orphans be surrendered to them in full when they reach the age of adolescence, and He forbids using or confiscating any part of it. So He said; وَلاَ تَتَبَدَّلُواْ الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ (and do not exchange (your) bad ...

وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَن تَبْتَغُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِكُم مُّحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَ فَمَا ٱسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهِۦ مِنْهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيْتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعْدِ ٱلْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا

Walmuhsanaatu minan nisaaa'i illaa maa malakat aimaanukum kitaabal laahi 'alaikum; wa uhilla lakum maa waraaa'a zaalikum an tabtaghoo bi amwaali kum muhsineena ghaira musaa fiheen; famastamta'tum bihee minhunna fa aatoohunna ujoorahunna fareedah; wa laa junaaha 'alaikum feemaa taraadaitum bihee mim ba'dil fareedah; innal laaha kaana 'Aleeman Hakeemaa

And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess. [This is] the decree of Allah upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these, [provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them their due compensation as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.

اور شوہر والی عورتیں بھی (تم پر حرام ہیں) مگر وہ جو (اسیر ہو کر لونڈیوں کے طور پر) تمہارے قبضے میں آجائیں (یہ حکم) خدا نے تم کو لکھ دیا ہے اور ان (محرمات) کے سوا اور عورتیں تم کو حلال ہیں اس طرح سے کہ مال خرچ کر کے ان سے نکاح کرلو بشرطیکہ (نکاح سے) مقصود عفت قائم رکھنا ہو نہ شہوت رانی تو جن عورتوں سے تم فائدہ حاصل کرو ان کا مہر جو مقرر کیا ہو ادا کردو اور اگر مقرر کرنے کے بعد آپس کی رضامندی سے مہر میں کمی بیشی کرلو تو تم پر کچھ گناہ نہیں بےشک خدا سب کچھ جاننے والا (اور) حکمت والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ (the women already bound in marriage): It means that women having husbands have also been made unlawful. So far as a woman is married to a person, no other person can marry her. From here, it becomes very clear that a woman cannot live with more than one husband simu...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And forbidden to you are wedded women those with spouses that you should marry them before they have left their spouses be they Muslim free women or not; save what your right hands own of captured slave girls whom you may have sexual intercourse with even if they should have spouses among the enemy ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Forbidding Women Already Married, Except for Female Slaves Allah said, وَالْمُحْصَنَـتُ مِنَ النِّسَآءِ إِلاَّ مَا مَلَكْتَ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ (Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess.) The Ayah means, you are prohibited from marrying women who are already m...

وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُم بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Wa mal lam yastati' minkum tawlan ai yankihal muhsanaatil mu'minaati famimmaa malakat aimaanukum min fatayaatikumul mu'minaat; wallaahu a'lamu bi eemaanikum; ba'dukum mim ba'd; fankihoohunna bi izni ahlihinna wa aatoohunna ujoorahunna bilma'roofi muhsanaatin ghaira musaa fihaatinw wa laa muttakhizaati akhdaan; fa izaaa uhsinna fa in ataina bifaahi shatin fa'alaihinnna nisfu maa 'alal muhsanaati minal 'azaab; zaalika liman khashiyal 'anata minkum; wa an tasbiroo khairul lakum; wallaahu Ghafoorur Raheem

And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allah is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears sin, but to be patient is better for you. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

اور جو شخص تم میں سے مومن آزاد عورتوں (یعنی بیبیوں) سے نکاح کرنے کا مقدور نہ رکھے تو مومن لونڈیوں میں ہی جو تمہارے قبضے میں آگئی ہوں (نکاح کرلے) اور خدا تمہارے ایمان کو اچھی طرح جانتا ہے تم آپس میں ایک دوسرے کے ہم جنس ہو تو ان لونڈیوں کے ساتھ ان کے مالکوں سے اجازت حاصل کرکے نکاح کر لو اور دستور کے مطابق ان کا مہر بھی ادا کردو بشرطیکہ عفیفہ ہوں نہ ایسی کہ کھلم کھلا بدکاری کریں اور نہ درپردہ دوستی کرنا چاہیں پھر اگر نکاح میں آکر بدکاری کا ارتکاب کر بیٹھیں تو جو سزا آزاد عورتوں (یعنی بیبیوں) کے لئے ہے اس کی آدھی ان کو (دی جائے) یہ (لونڈی کے ساتھ نکاح کرنے کی) اجازت اس شخص کو ہے جسے گناہ کر بیٹھنے کا اندیشہ ہو اور اگر صبر کرو تو یہ تمہارے لئے بہت اچھا ہے اور خدا بخشنے والا مہربان ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: It is in continuation of the injunctions relating to marriage which have been appearing earlier that the text now takes up the option of marriage with bondwomen who qualify as such under the stipulations of the Shari'ah of Islam. Then, the injunction of Hadd punishment concerning them has been added...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And whoever has not the means wherewith whoever is not wealthy enough to be able to marry believing al-mu’mināt ‘believing’ is in accordance with the prevalent practice and does not add to the import free women in wedlock let him take in marriage believing maids whom your right hands own. God knows ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Marrying a Female Slave, if One Cannot Marry a Free Woman Allah said, those who do not have, مِنكُمْ طَوْلاً (the means), financial capability, أَن يَنكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَـتِ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ (Wherewith to wed free believing women) meaning, free faithful, chaste women. فَمِنْ مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُم مّ...

وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْجَارِ ٱلْجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا

Wa'budul laaha wa laa tushrikoo bihee shai'anw wa bilwaalidaini ihsaananw wa bizil qurbaa walyataamaa walmasaakeeni waljaari zilqurbaa waljaaril junubi wassaahibi biljambi wabnis sabeeli wa maa malakat aimaanukum; innal laaha laa yuhibbu man kaana mukhtaalan fakhooraa

Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.

اور خدا ہی کی عبادت کرو اور اس کے ساتھ کسی چیز کو شریک نہ بناؤ اور ماں باپ اور قرابت والوں اور یتیموں اور محتاجوں اور رشتہ دار ہمسائیوں اور اجنبی ہمسائیوں اور رفقائے پہلو (یعنی پاس بیٹھنے والوں) اور مسافروں اور جو لوگ تمہارے قبضے میں ہوں سب کے ساتھ احسان کرو کہ خدا (احسان کرنے والوں کو دوست رکھتا ہے اور) تکبر کرنے والے بڑائی مارنے والے کو دوست نہیں رکھتا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Sequence It will be noticed that human rights have remained the main focus of attention since the beginning of the present Surah upto this point. These related to orphans, the women and inheritance. Taken up now are rights of parents, relatives, neighbours and those of human beings in general. Since...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And worship God declare His Oneness and associate nothing with Him. Be kind to parents being dutiful and gentle-mannered and near kindred and to orphans and to the needy and to the neighbour who is near to you in terms of physical vicinity or kinship and to the neighbour who is a stranger the one fa...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Order to Worship Allah Alone and to Be Dutiful to Parents Allah orders that He be worshipped Alone without partners, because He Alone is the Creator and Sustainer Who sends His favors and bounties on His creation in all situations and instances. Therefore He deserves to be singled out, without a...

إِلَّا عَلَىٰٓ أَزْوَٰجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ

Illaa 'alaaa azwaajihim aw maa malakat aimaanuhum fa innahum ghairu maloomeen

Except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they will not be blamed -

مگر اپنی بیویوں سے یا (کنیزوں سے) جو ان کی مِلک ہوتی ہیں کہ (ان سے) مباشرت کرنے سے انہیں ملامت نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: What is Falah? How and from where can it be obtained? قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ Success is really attained by the believers - 23:1. The word falah (translated above as 'success' ) has been used in the Qur'an and Sunnah on numerous occasions. The call to prayers invites every Muslim towards falah ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: except from their spouses that is to their spouses and what slaves their right hands possess that is concubines for then they are not blameworthy in having sexual intercourse with them.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was Revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Success is for the believers whose qualities are described here قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (Successful indeed are the believers) means, they have attained victory and...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لِيَسْتَـْٔذِنكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا۟ ٱلْحُلُمَ مِنكُمْ ثَلَٰثَ مَرَّٰتٍ مِّن قَبْلِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلْفَجْرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنۢ بَعْدِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلْعِشَآءِ ثَلَٰثُ عَوْرَٰتٍ لَّكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ جُنَاحٌۢ بَعْدَهُنَّ طَوَّٰفُونَ عَلَيْكُم بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلْـَٔايَٰتِ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo li yastaazinkumul lazeena malakat aimaanukum wallazeena lam yablughul huluma minkum salaasa marraat; min qabli Salaatil Fajri wa heena tada'oona siyaa bakum minaz zaheerati wa mim ba'di Salaatil Ishaaa'; salaasu 'awraatil lakum; laisa 'alaikum wa laa 'alaihim junaahum ba'dahunn; tawwaafoona 'alaikum ba'dukum 'alaa ba'd; kazaalika yubaiyinul laahu lakumul aayaat wallaahu 'Aleemun Hakeem

O you who have believed, let those whom your right hands possess and those who have not [yet] reached puberty among you ask permission of you [before entering] at three times: before the dawn prayer and when you put aside your clothing [for rest] at noon and after the night prayer. [These are] three times of privacy for you. There is no blame upon you nor upon them beyond these [periods], for they continually circulate among you - some of you, among others. Thus does Allah make clear to you the verses; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.

مومنو! تمہارے غلام لونڈیاں اور جو بچّے تم میں سے بلوغ کو نہیں پہنچے تین دفعہ یعنی (تین اوقات میں) تم سے اجازت لیا کریں۔ (ایک تو) نماز صبح سے پہلے اور (دوسرے گرمی کی دوپہر کو) جب تم کپڑے اتار دیتے ہو۔ اور تیسرے عشاء کی نماز کے بعد۔ (یہ) تین (وقت) تمہارے پردے (کے) ہیں ان کے (آگے) پیچھے (یعنی دوسرے وقتوں میں) نہ تم پر کچھ گناہ ہے اور نہ ان پر۔ کہ کام کاج کے لئے ایک دوسرے کے پاس آتے رہتے ہو۔ اس طرح خدا اپنی آیتیں تم سے کھول کھول کر بیان فرماتا ہے اور خدا بڑا علم والا اور بڑا حکمت والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It has been described in the beginning of this Surah that the injunctions of Surah Nur mostly relate to prevention of obscenity and vulgarity. Under the same sequence some injunctions regarding social etiquette and mutual meetings are also enjoined. After that the injunctions about Hijab ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who believe let those whom your right hands own of male slaves and female slaves and those of you who have not reached puberty from among the free men and who have not become sexually aware of women ask leave of you three times at three times of the day before the dawn prayer and when you put ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Times when Servants and Young Children should seek Permission to enter These Ayat include a discussion of how people who are closely related should seek permission to enter upon one another. What was mentioned earlier in the Surah had to do with how unrelated people should seek permission to ent...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ إِنَّآ أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَٰجَكَ ٱلَّٰتِىٓ ءَاتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّٰتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَٰلَٰتِكَ ٱلَّٰتِى هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَٱمْرَأَةً مُّؤْمِنَةً إِن وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِىِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ ٱلنَّبِىُّ أَن يَسْتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَّكَ مِن دُونِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِىٓ أَزْوَٰجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُهُمْ لِكَيْلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا

Yaaa aiyuhan Nabiyyu innaaa ahlalnaa laka azwaa jakal laatee aayaita ujoora hunna wa maa malakat yameenuka mimmaaa afaaa'al laahu 'alaika wa banaati 'ammika wa banaati 'ammaatika wa banaati khaalika wa banaati khaalaa tikal laatee haajarna ma'aka wamra atam mu'minatan inw wahabat nafsahaa lin Nabiyyi in araadan Nabiyyu ai yastan kihahaa khaalisatal laka min doonil mu'mineen; qad 'alim naa maa faradnaa 'alaihim feee azwaajihim wa maa malakat aimaanuhum likailaa yakoona 'alaika haraj; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheema

O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their due compensation and those your right hand possesses from what Allah has returned to you [of captives] and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you and a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet [and] if the Prophet wishes to marry her, [this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers. We certainly know what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives and those their right hands possess, [but this is for you] in order that there will be upon you no discomfort. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.

اے پیغمبر ہم نے تمہارے لئے تمہاری بیویاں جن کو تم نے ان کے مہر دے دیئے ہیں حلال کردی ہیں اور تمہاری لونڈیاں جو خدا نے تم کو (کفار سے بطور مال غنیمت) دلوائی ہیں اور تمہارے چچا کی بیٹیاں اور تمہاری پھوپھیوں کی بیٹیاں اور تمہارے ماموؤں کی بیٹیاں اور تمہاری خالاؤں کی بیٹیاں جو تمہارے ساتھ وطن چھوڑ کر آئی ہیں (سب حلال ہیں) اور کوئی مومن عورت اگر اپنے تئیں پیغمبر کو بخش دے (یعنی مہر لینے کے بغیر نکاح میں آنا چاہے) بشرطیکہ پیغمبر بھی ان سے نکاح کرنا چاہیں (وہ بھی حلال ہے لیکن) یہ اجازت (اے محمدﷺ) خاص تم ہی کو ہے سب مسلمانوں کو نہیں۔ ہم نے ان کی بیویوں اور لونڈیوں کے بارے میں جو (مہر واجب الادا) مقرر کردیا ہے ہم کو معلوم ہے (یہ) اس لئے (کیا گیا ہے) کہ تم پر کسی طرح کی تنگی نہ رہے۔ اور خدا بخشنے والا مہربان ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary These verses contain seven injunctions about marriage and divorce that are specific to the Holy Prophet t and these specifics signify his distinctive eminence and his special honor. Some of these injunctions are such that their being specific to the Holy Prophet t is absolutely plain and ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O Prophet! Indeed We have made lawful for you your wives whom you have given their dowries and what your right hand owns of those whom God has given you as spoils of war from the disbelievers whom you have taken captive such as Safiyya and Juwayriyya and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Women who are Lawful for the Prophet Allah says, addressing His Prophet that He has made lawful for him of women his wives to whom he has given the dowery, which is what is meant by "their due", which is used here, as was stated by Mujahid and others. The dowery which he gave to his wives was tw...

لَّا يَحِلُّ لَكَ ٱلنِّسَآءُ مِنۢ بَعْدُ وَلَآ أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَٰجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ رَّقِيبًا

Laa yahillu lakan nisaaa'u mim ba'du wa laaa an tabaddala bihinna min azwaajinw wa law ajabaka husnuhunna illaa maa malakat yameenukk; wa kaanal laahu 'alaa kulli shai'ir Raqeeba

Not lawful to you, [O Muhammad], are [any additional] women after [this], nor [is it] for you to exchange them for [other] wives, even if their beauty were to please you, except what your right hand possesses. And ever is Allah, over all things, an Observer.

(اے پیغمبر) ان کے سوا اور عورتیں تم کو جائز نہیں اور نہ یہ کہ ان بیویوں کو چھوڑ کر اور بیویاں کرو خواہ ان کا حسن تم کو (کیسا ہی) اچھا لگے مگر وہ جو تمہارے ہاتھ کا مال ہے (یعنی لونڈیوں کے بارے میں تم کو اختیار ہے) اور خدا ہر چیز پر نگاہ رکھتا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The pious life of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the issue of polygamy The enemies of Islam have always targeted the issue of polygamy, specially the number of the wives of the Holy Prophet ﷺ for their criticism. But if the whole life of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is kept in view, even the Satan cannot find scope t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Women are not lawful for you read lā tahillu or lā yahillu beyond that beyond the nine that have chosen you as their husband nor is it lawful for you to change tabaddala one of the two original tā’ letters of tatabaddala has been omitted them for other wives by divorcing them or some of them and mar...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Reward of His Wives for choosing to stay with the Messenger More than one of the scholars, such as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, Ibn Zayd, Ibn Jarir and others stated that this Ayah was revealed as a reward to the wives of the Prophet expressing Allah's pleasure with them for their ex...

لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فِىٓ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبْنَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ إِخْوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبْنَآءِ إِخْوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبْنَآءِ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ وَلَا نِسَآئِهِنَّ وَلَا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُهُنَّ وَٱتَّقِينَ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدًا

Laa junaaha 'alaihinna feee aabaaa'ihinna wa laaa abnaaa'ihinna wa laaa ikhwaanihinnna wa laaa abnaaa'i ikhwaanihinna wa laaa abnaaa'i akhawaatihinna wa laa nisaaa'i hinna wa laa Maa malakat aimaanuhunn; wattaqeenal laah; innal laaha kaana 'alaa kulli shai'in Shaheedaa

There is no blame upon women concerning their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their brothers' sons or their sisters' sons or their women or those their right hands possess. And fear Allah. Indeed Allah is ever, over all things, Witness.

عورتوں پر اپنے باپوں سے (پردہ نہ کرنے میں) کچھ گناہ نہیں اور نہ اپنے بیٹوں سے اور نہ اپنے بھائیوں سے اور نہ اپنے بھتیجوں سے اور نہ اپنے بھانجوں سے نہ اپنی (قسم کی) عورتوں سے اور نہ لونڈیوں سے۔ اور (اے عورتو) خدا سے ڈرتی رہو۔ بےشک خدا ہر چیز سے واقف ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: إِن تُبْدُوا شَيْئًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا (If you disclose any thing, or conceal it, Allah is All-Knowing about everything - 33:54). It has been repeated again in this verse that Allah Ta’ ala knows even the intents and thoughts hidden in the hearts. So wheth...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: They the Prophet’s wives would not be at fault with regard to socialising with their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their brothers’ sons or their sisters’ sons or their own believing women or what their right hands own of slavegirls or male servants in seeing them or conversing with them...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Relatives before Whom a Woman does not need to observe Hijab When Allah commands women to observe Hijab in front of men to whom they are not related, He explains who are the relatives before whom they do not need to observe Hijab. This is like the exceptions stated in Surat An-Nur, where Allah says:...

إِلَّا عَلَىٰٓ أَزْوَٰجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ

Illaa 'alaaa azwaajihim aw maa malakat aymaanuhum fainnahum ghairu maloomeen

Except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they are not to be blamed -

مگر اپنی بیویوں یا لونڈیوں سے کہ (ان کے پاس جانے پر) انہیں کچھ ملامت نہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Rates of Zakah are Specified by Allah وَالَّذِينَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَّعْلُومٌ (and those in whose riches there is a specified right...70:24). This verse shows that the quantifications of Zakah have been fixed by Allah. The details are recorded in authentic ahadith. These quantifications, whet...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: except from their wives and those whom their right hands own in the way of slavegirls for in that case they are not blameworthy;
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Man is Impatient Allah informs about man and his inclination to corrupt his behavior. Allah says, إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعاً (Verily, man was created very impatient;) Then, Allah explains this statement by saying, إِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ جَزُوعاً (Apprehensive when evil touches him;) meaning, w...

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