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Al-Fathالفتح

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِينًا

Innaa fatahnaa laka Fatham Mubeenaa

Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest

(اے محمدﷺ) ہم نے تم کو فتح دی۔ فتح بھی صریح وصاف

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Verily We have given you We have ordained for you the conquest fath of Mecca and other places in the future by force as a result of your struggle a clear victory one that is plain and manifest;

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لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكَ وَيَهْدِيَكَ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا

Liyaghfira lakal laahu maa taqaddama min zambika wa maa ta akhkhara wa yutimma ni'matahoo 'alaika wa yahdiyaka siraatam mustaqeema

That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow and complete His favor upon you and guide you to a straight path

تاکہ خدا تمہارے اگلے اور پچھلے گناہ بخش دے اور تم پر اپنی نعمت پوری کردے اور تمہیں سیدھے رستے چلائے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

that God may forgive you by virtue of your struggle what is past of your sin and what is to come of it so that your community might then desire to struggle like you — this verse also constitutes a justification of the concept of the infallibility ‘isma of prophets peace be upon them against sin by way of a definitive rational proof the lām in li-yaghfira ‘that He may forgive’ is for indicating the ultimate reason for the conquest so that the content of this latter statement constitutes an effect and not the cause and that He may perfect by way of the mentioned victory His favour to you and guide you thereby to a straight path upon which He will confirm you — and this straight path is the religion of Islam;

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وَيَنصُرَكَ ٱللَّهُ نَصْرًا عَزِيزًا

Wa yansurakal laahu nasran 'azeezaa

And [that] Allah may aid you with a mighty victory.

اور خدا تمہاری زبردست مدد کرے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

and that God may grant you therein a mighty victory one of glory involving no humiliation.

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هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا مَّعَ إِيمَٰنِهِمْ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا

Huwal lazeee anzalas sakeenata fee quloobil mu'mineena liyazdaadooo eemaanamma'a eemaanihim; wa lillaahi junoodus samawaati wal ard; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman Hakeemaa

It is He who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith. And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth, and ever is Allah Knowing and Wise.

وہی تو ہے جس نے مومنوں کے دلوں پر تسلی نازل فرمائی تاکہ ان کے ایمان کے ساتھ اور ایمان بڑھے۔ اور آسمانوں اور زمین کے لشکر (سب) خدا ہی کے ہیں۔ اور خدا جاننے والا (اور) حکمت والا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

He it is Who sent down the spirit of Peace Divine reassurance into the hearts of the believers that they might add faith to their faith by way of their embracing of the legal stipulations of religion for every time He revealed one of these they would believe in it — including the command to struggle. And to God belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth and so if He wanted to bring victory to His religion by means of others He would have done so. And God is ever Knower of His creatures Wise in His actions in other words He is ever possessed of such attributes;

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لِّيُدْخِلَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ جَنَّٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا وَيُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا

Liyudkhilal mu'mineena walmu'minaati jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaa wa yukaffira 'anhum saiyi aatihim; wa kaana zaalika 'indal laahi fawzan 'azeemaa

[And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds - and ever is that, in the sight of Allah, a great attainment -

(یہ) اس لئے کہ وہ مومن مردوں اور مومن عورتوں کو بہشتوں میں جن کے نیچے نہریں بہہ رہی ہیں داخل کرے وہ اس میں ہمیشہ رہیں گے اور ان سے ان کے گناہوں کو دور کردے۔ اور یہ خدا کے نزدیک بڑی کامیابی ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

so that He may admit li-yudkhila is semantically connected to an omitted clause that is to say amara bi’l-jihād ‘He has enjoined the struggle so that He may admit’ the believing men and believing women into gardens underneath which rivers flow wherein they will abide and that He may absolve them of their misdeeds; for that in God’s sight is a supreme triumph;

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وَيُعَذِّبَ ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلْمُنَٰفِقَٰتِ وَٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَٱلْمُشْرِكَٰتِ ٱلظَّآنِّينَ بِٱللَّهِ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوْءِ عَلَيْهِمْ دَآئِرَةُ ٱلسَّوْءِ وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَنَهُمْ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ جَهَنَّمَ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيرًا

Wa yu'azzibal munaafiqeena walmunaafiqaati wal mushrikeena walmushrikaatiz zaaanneena billaahi zannas saw'; 'alaihim daaa'iratus saw'i wa ghadibal laahu 'alaihim wa la'anahum wa a'adda lahum jahannama wa saaa' at maseeraa

And [that] He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women - those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature. Upon them is a misfortune of evil nature; and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them and prepared for them Hell, and evil it is as a destination.

اور (اس لئے کہ) منافق مردوں اور منافق عورتوں اور مشرک مردوں اور مشرک عورتوں کو جو خدا کے حق میں برے برے خیال رکھتے ہیں عذاب دے۔ ان ہی پر برے حادثے واقع ہوں۔ اور خدا ان پر غصے ہوا اور ان پر لعنت کی اور ان کے لئے دوزخ تیار کی۔ اور وہ بری جگہ ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

and so that He may chastise the hypocrites men and women and the idolaters men and women and those who make evil assumptions about God read al-saw’ or al-sū’ ‘evil’ in all three places; they assumed that He will not assist Muhammad (s) and the believers. For them will be an evil turn of fortune by way of abasement and chastisement; and God is wroth with them and He has cursed them He has banished them far from His mercy and has prepared for them Hell — and it is an evil destination! an evil place to return to.

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وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا

Wa lillaahi junoodus samaawaati wal ard; wa kaanal laahu 'azeezan hakeema

And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.

اور آسمانوں اور زمین کے لشکر خدا ہی کے ہیں۔ اور خدا غالب (اور) حکمت والا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

And to God belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth; and God is ever Mighty in His kingdom Wise in His actions in other words He is ever possessed of such attributes.

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إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَٰكَ شَٰهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا

Innaaa arsalnaaka shaahi danw wa mubashshiranw wa nazeera

Indeed, We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner

اور ہم نے (اے محمدﷺ) تم کو حق ظاہر کرنے والا اور خوشخبری سنانے والا اور خوف دلانے والا (بنا کر) بھیجا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Indeed We have sent you as a witness against your community at the Resurrection and a bearer of good tidings to them in this world and a warner to threaten those in it who do evil with the punishment of the Fire;

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لِّتُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا

Litu minoo billaahi wa Rasoolihee wa tu'azziroohu watuwaqqiroohu watusabbi hoohu bukratanw wa aseelaa

That you [people] may believe in Allah and His Messenger and honor him and respect the Prophet and exalt Allah morning and afternoon.

تاکہ (مسلمانو) تم لوگ خدا پر اور اس کے پیغمبر پر ایمان لاؤ اور اس کی مدد کرو اور اس کو بزرگ سمجھو۔ اور صبح وشام اس کی تسبیح کرتے رہو

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

that you may believe li-tu’minū may also here be read li-yu’minū ‘that they may believe’; and similarly read either the second person plural or the third person plural in the next three instances in God and His Messenger and that you may support Him tu‘azzirūhu a variant reading has tu‘azzizūhu and revere Him the third person suffixed pronoun -hu ‘him’ may refer either to God or to His Messenger and glorify Him that is God morning and evening.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ ٱللَّهَ يَدُ ٱللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنكُثُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِۦ وَمَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِمَا عَٰهَدَ عَلَيْهُ ٱللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

Innal lazeena yubaayi'oonaka innamaa yubaayi'oonal laaha yadul laahi fawqa aydehim; faman nakasa fainnamaa yuankusu 'alaa nafsihee wa man awfaa bimaa 'aahada 'alihul laaha fasa yu'teehi ajran 'azeemaa

Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah. The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward.

جو لوگ تم سے بیعت کرتے ہیں وہ خدا سے بیعت کرتے ہیں۔ خدا کا ہاتھ ان کے ہاتھوں پر ہے۔ پھر جو عہد کو توڑے تو عہد توڑنے کا نقصان اسی کو ہے۔ اور جو اس بات کو جس کا اس نے خدا سے عہد کیا ہے پورا کرے تو وہ اسے عنقریب اجر عظیم دے گا

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Truly those who pledge allegiance to you the ‘Pledge of Beatitude’ bay‘at al-ridwān given at al-Hudaybiyya in fact pledge allegiance to God — this statement is akin to Whoever obeys the Messenger verily obeys God Q. 480. The Hand of God is above their hands the hands with which they pledged allegiance to the Prophet in other words God exalted be He has observed their pledge of allegiance and will requite them in accordance with their adherence to it. So whoever reneges whoever breaches the pledge reneges — that is the evil consequences of his breach will eventually be — against his own soul; and whoever fulfils the covenant which he has made with God He will give him fa-sa-yu’tīhi; or read fa-sa-nu’tīhi ‘We will give him’ a great reward.

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سَيَقُولُ لَكَ ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ شَغَلَتْنَآ أَمْوَٰلُنَا وَأَهْلُونَا فَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِم مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيْـًٔا إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرًّا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعًۢا بَلْ كَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًۢا

Sa yaqoolu lakal mukhal lafoona minal-A'raabi shaighalatnaaa amwaalunaa wa ahloonaa fastaghfir lanaa; yaqooloona bi alsinatihim maa laisa fee quloobihim; qul famany yamliku lakum minal laahi shai'an in araada bikum darran aw araada bikum naf'aa; bal kaanal laahu bimaa ta'maloona Khabeeraa

Those who remained behind of the bedouins will say to you, "Our properties and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not within their hearts. Say, "Then who could prevent Allah at all if He intended for you harm or intended for you benefit? Rather, ever is Allah, with what you do, Acquainted.

جو گنوار پیچھے رہ گئے وہ تم سے کہیں گے کہ ہم کو ہمارے مال اور اہل وعیال نے روک رکھا آپ ہمارے لئے (خدا سے) بخشش مانگیں۔ یہ لوگ اپنی زبان سے وہ بات کہتے ہیں جو ان کے دل میں نہیں ہے۔ کہہ دو کہ اگر خدا تم (لوگوں) کو نقصان پہنچانا چاہے یا تمہیں فائدہ پہنچانے کا ارادہ فرمائے تو کون ہے جو اس کے سامنے تمہارے لئے کسی بات کا کچھ اختیار رکھے (کوئی نہیں) بلکہ جو کچھ تم کرتے ہو خدا اس سے واقف ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Those of the Bedouins who were left behind around Medina — that is to say those whom God made to stay behind and not to accompany you when you had asked them to set out with you for Mecca fearing that Quraysh would attack you upon your return in the year of al-Hudaybiyya — will say to you ‘Our possessions and our families kept us occupied preventing us from going forth with you. So ask forgiveness for us!’ of God for our failure to go forth with you. God exalted be He exposes their mendacity by saying They say with their tongues that is to say in asking forgiveness and in the preceding statement of theirs what is not in their hearts and so they are lying in the excuse which they give. Say ‘Who can an interrogative meant rhetorically as a negation that is to say ‘none can’ avail you anything against God should He desire to cause you harm read darran or durran or desire to bring you benefit? Nay but God is ever Aware of what you do in other words He is ever possessed of such an attribute.

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بَلْ ظَنَنتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَدًا وَزُيِّنَ ذَٰلِكَ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْمًۢا بُورًا

Bal zanantum al lany yanqalibar Rasoolu walmu'minoona ilaaa ahleehim abadanw wa zuyyina zaalika fee quloobikum wa zanantum zannnas saw'i wa kuntum qawmam booraa

But you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ever, and that was made pleasing in your hearts. And you assumed an assumption of evil and became a people ruined."

بات یہ ہے کہ تم لوگ یہ سمجھ بیٹھے تھے کہ پیغمبر اور مومن اپنے اہل وعیال میں کبھی لوٹ کر آنے ہی کے نہیں۔ اور یہی بات تمہارے دلوں کو اچھی معلوم ہوئی۔ اور (اسی وجہ سے) تم نے برے برے خیال کئے اور (آخرکار) تم ہلاکت میں پڑ گئے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Nay bal in both instances marks a transition from one subject to another but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families and that thought was adorned in your hearts that is to say you thought that they would be annihilated by being slain and would not return and you thought evil thoughts that just mentioned and other things and you were a ruined lot’ būr is the plural of bā’ir in other words a lot to be destroyed according to God for having entertained such evil thoughts.

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وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ سَعِيرًا

Wa mal lam yu'mim billaahi wa Rasoolihee fainnaaa a'tadnaa lilkaafireena sa'eeraa

And whoever has not believed in Allah and His Messenger - then indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers a Blaze.

اور جو شخص خدا پر اور اس کے پیغمبر پر ایمان نہ لائے تو ہم نے (ایسے) کافروں کے لئے آگ تیار کر رکھی ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

And whoever does not believe in God and His Messenger We have prepared for the disbelievers a blaze a severe fire.

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وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا

Wa lillaahii mulkus samaawaati wal ard; yaghfiru limany yashaaa'u wa yu'azzibu many yashaaa'; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheemaa

And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.

اور آسمانوں اور زمین کی بادشاہی خدا ہی کی ہے۔ وہ جسے چاہے بخشے اور جسے چاہے سزا دے۔ اور خدا بخشنے والا مہربان ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

And to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth He forgives whomever He will and chastises whomever He will; and God is ever Forgiving Merciful that is to say He is ever possessed of the attributes mentioned.

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سَيَقُولُ ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا ٱنطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَىٰ مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعْكُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يُبَدِّلُوا۟ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ قُل لَّن تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَٰلِكُمْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ فَسَيَقُولُونَ بَلْ تَحْسُدُونَنَا بَلْ كَانُوا۟ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا

Sa yaqoolul mukhalla foona izan talaqtum ilaa maghaanima litaakhuzoohaa zaroonaa nattabi'kum yureedoona any yubaddiloo Kalaamallaah; qul lan tattabi'oonaa kazaalikum qaalal laahu min qablu fasa yaqooloona bal tahsudoonanna; bal kaanoo laa yafqahoona illaa qaleela

Those who remained behind will say when you set out toward the war booty to take it, "Let us follow you." They wish to change the words of Allah. Say, "Never will you follow us. Thus did Allah say before." So they will say, "Rather, you envy us." But [in fact] they were not understanding except a little.

جب تم لوگ غنیمتیں لینے چلو گے تو جو لوگ پیچھے رہ گئے تھے وہ کہیں گے ہمیں بھی اجازت دیجیئے کہ آپ کے ساتھ چلیں۔ یہ چاہتے ہیں کہ خدا کے قول کو بدل دیں۔ کہہ دو کہ تم ہرگز ہمارے ساتھ نہیں چل سکتے۔ اسی طرح خدا نے پہلے سے فرما دیا ہے۔ پھر کہیں گے (نہیں) تم تو ہم سے حسد کرتے ہو۔ بات یہ ہے کہ یہ لوگ سمجھتے ہی نہیں مگر بہت کم

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Those mentioned who were left behind will say when you set forth after spoils namely the spoils of Khaybar in order to capture them ‘Let us follow you’ that we might also take a share of it. They desire thereby to change the words of God kalāma’Llāhi a variant reading has kalima’Llāhi in other words His promising of the spoils of Khaybar exclusively for those who were at al-Hudaybiyya. Say ‘You shall never follow us! Thus has God said beforehand’ that is prior to our return. Then they will say ‘Nay but you are envious of us’ lest we might acquire a share of the spoils and therefore you say this that you say. Nay but they never understood anything of religion all except a few of them.

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قُل لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ أُو۟لِى بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَٰتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ فَإِن تُطِيعُوا۟ يُؤْتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُم مِّن قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا

Qul lilmukhallafeena minal A'raabi satud'awna ilaa qawmin ulee baasin shadeedin tuqaati loonahum aw yuslimoona fa in tutee'oo yu'tikumul laahu ajran hasananw wa in tatawallaw kamaa tawallaitum min qablu yu'azzibkum 'azaaban aleemaa

Say to those who remained behind of the bedouins, "You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you may fight them, or they will submit. So if you obey, Allah will give you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment."

جو گنوار پیچھے رہ گئے تھے ان سے کہہ دو کہ تم ایک سخت جنگجو قوم کے (ساتھ لڑائی کے) لئے بلائے جاؤ گے ان سے تم (یا تو) جنگ کرتے رہو گے یا وہ اسلام لے آئیں گے۔ اگر تم حکم مانو گے تو خدا تم کو اچھا بدلہ دے گا۔ اور اگر منہ پھیر لو گے جیسے پہلی دفعہ پھیرا تھا تو وہ تم کو بری تکلیف کی سزا دے گا

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Say to those of the Bedouins mentioned who were left behind to test them ‘You shall be called against a people possessed of great might — these are said to have been the tribe of Banū Hanīfa the inhabitants of the region of al-Yamāma; but it is also said that these were the Persians and the Byzantines — you shall fight them tuqātilūnahum is a circumstancial qualifier referring to an implied future situation which constitutes that to which the ‘call’ will be made; or they will submit so that you will not have to fight. So if you obey the command to fight them God will give you a good reward; but if you turn away like you turned away before He will chastise you with a painful chastisement’.

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لَّيْسَ عَلَى ٱلْأَعْمَىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا

Laisa 'alal a'maa harajunw wa laa 'alal a'raji harajunw wa laa 'alal mareedi haraj' wa many yutil'il laaha wa Rasoolahoo yudkhilhu jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru wa many yatawalla yu'azzibhu 'azaaban aleemaa

There is not upon the blind any guilt or upon the lame any guilt or upon the ill any guilt [for remaining behind]. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger - He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away - He will punish him with a painful punishment.

نہ تو اندھے پر گناہ ہے (کہ سفر جنگ سے پیچھے رہ جائے) اور نہ لنگڑے پر گناہ ہے اور نہ بیمار پر گناہ ہے۔ اور جو شخص خدا اور اس کے پیغمبر کے فرمان پر چلے گا خدا اس کو بہشتوں میں داخل کرے گا جن کے تلے نہریں بہہ رہی ہیں۔ اور جو روگردانی کرے گا اسے برے دکھ کی سزا دے گا

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

There is no blame on the blind nor is there blame on the lame nor is there blame on the sick to refrain from participating in the struggle. And whoever obeys God and His Messenger He will admit him read yudkhilhu or nudkhilhu ‘We will admit him’ into gardens underneath which rivers flow; and whoever turns away him He will chastise read yu‘adhdhibhu or nu‘adhdhibhu ‘him We will chastise’ with a painful chastisement.

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لَّقَدْ رَضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَٰبَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا

Laqad radiyal laahu 'anil mu'mineena iz yubaayi 'oonaka tahtash shajarati fa'alima maa fee quloobihim fa anzalas sakeenata 'alaihim wa asaa bahum fat han qareebaa

Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest

(اے پیغمبر) جب مومن تم سے درخت کے نیچے بیعت کر رہے تھے تو خدا ان سے خوش ہوا۔ اور جو (صدق وخلوص) ان کے دلوں میں تھا وہ اس نے معلوم کرلیا۔ تو ان پر تسلی نازل فرمائی اور انہیں جلد فتح عنایت کی

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Verily God was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you at al-Hudaybiyya under the tree this was an acacia — they these believers numbered 1300 or more; he took an oath of allegiance from them that they would fight against Quraysh and not attempt to flee from death. And He God knew what was in their hearts of sincerity and loyalty so He sent down the spirit of Peace upon them and rewarded them with a near victory which was the conquest of Khaybar following their departure from al-Hudaybiyya

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وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا

Wa maghaanima kaseera tany yaakhuzoonahaa; wa kaanal laahu 'Azeezan Hakeemaa

And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.

اور بہت سی غنیمتیں جو انہوں نے حاصل کیں۔ اور خدا غالب حکمت والا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

and abundant spoils which they will capture from Khaybar and God is ever Mighty Wise that is to say He is ever possessed of such attributes.

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وَعَدَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَٰذِهِۦ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا

Wa'adakumul laahu ma ghaanima kaseeratan taakhuzoo nahaa fa'ajjala lakum haazihee wa kaffa aydiyan naasi 'ankum wa litakoona aayatal lilmu'mineena wa yahdiyakum siraatam mustaqeema

Allah has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path.

خدا نے تم سے بہت سی غنیمتوں کا وعدہ فرمایا کہ تم ان کو حاصل کرو گے سو اس نے غنیمت کی تمہارے لئے جلدی فرمائی اور لوگوں کے ہاتھ تم سے روک دیئے۔ غرض یہ تھی کہ یہ مومنوں کے لئے (خدا کی) قدرت کا نمونہ ہو اور وہ تم کو سیدھے رستے پر چلائے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

God has promised you abundant spoils which you will capture through the various conquests. So He has expedited this one the spoils of Khaybar for you and withheld men’s hands from you with regard to your families after you had set off on the campaign as the Jews had intended to plot against them; but God cast terror into their hearts; so that it the expedited one wa-li-takūna is a supplement to an implied verb that is to say li-tashkurūhu ‘that you may give thanks to Him’ may be a sign for the believers of their being assisted by God and that He may guide you on a straight path that is to say the way in which you should rely on Him and entrust any affair to Him exalted be He;

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وَأُخْرَىٰ لَمْ تَقْدِرُوا۟ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرًا

Wa ukhraa lam taqdiroo 'alaihaa qad ahaatal laahu bihaa; wa kaanal laahu 'alaa kulli shai'in qadeera

And [He promises] other [victories] that you were [so far] unable to [realize] which Allah has already encompassed. And ever is Allah, over all things, competent.

اور اَور (غنیمتیں دیں) جن پر تم قدرت نہیں رکھتے تھے (اور) وہ خدا ہی کی قدرت میں تھیں۔ اور خدا ہر چیز پر قادر ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

and others wa-ukhrā is an adjectival qualification of the implied subject maghānima ‘spoils’ which you were not able to capture — namely spoils from the Persians and the Byzantines; God has verily encompassed these already that is to say He knows that they will be yours. And God has power over all things that is to say He is ever possessed of such an attribute.

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وَلَوْ قَٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوَلَّوُا۟ ٱلْأَدْبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا

Wa law qaatalakumul lazeena kafaroo la wallawul adbaara summa laa yajidoona waliyanw-wa laa naseeraa

And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper.

اور اگر تم سے کافر لڑتے تو پیٹھ پھیر کر بھاگ جاتے پھر کسی کو دوست نہ پاتے اور نہ مددگار

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

And if those who disbelieve had fought you at al-Hudaybiyya they would have turned their backs to flee — then they would not have found any protector to guard them or helper.

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سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِى قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ ٱللَّهِ تَبْدِيلًا

Sunnatal laahil latee qad khalat min qablu wa lan tajida lisunnatil laahi tabdeelaa

[This is] the established way of Allah which has occurred before. And never will you find in the way of Allah any change.

(یہی) خدا کی عادت ہے جو پہلے سے چلی آتی ہے۔ اور تم خدا کی عادت کبھی بدلتی نہ دیکھو گے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

That is the way of God sunnata’Llāhi is a verbal noun emphasising the import of the preceding sentence about the defeat of the disbelievers and the victory of the believers that is to say sanna’Llāhu dhālika sunnatan ‘God has established this as His way of dealing with believers and disbelievers’ which has taken its course before and you will never find in God’s way any change by Him.

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وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا

Wa Huwal lazee kaffa aydiyahum 'ankum wa aydiyakum 'anhum bibatni Makkata mim ba'di an azfarakum 'alaihim; wa kaanal laahu bimaa ta'maloona Baseera

And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do, Seeing.

اور وہی تو ہے جس نے تم کو ان (کافروں) پر فتحیاب کرنے کے بعد سرحد مکہ میں ان کے ہاتھ تم سے اور تمہارے ہاتھ ان سے روک دیئے۔ اور جو کچھ تم کرتے ہو خدا اس کو دیکھ رہا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

And it is He Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Mecca at al-Hudaybiyya after He had made you victors over them for eighty of them surrounded your camp in order to inflict losses upon you but they were captured and taken to the Prophet s who pardoned them and set them free and this resulted in the truce. And God is ever Seer of what you do read ta‘malūna or ya‘malūna ‘they do’ that is to say He is ever possessed of this attribute.

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هُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ وَٱلْهَدْىَ مَعْكُوفًا أَن يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُۥ وَلَوْلَا رِجَالٌ مُّؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَآءٌ مُّؤْمِنَٰتٌ لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَن تَطَـُٔوهُمْ فَتُصِيبَكُم مِّنْهُم مَّعَرَّةٌۢ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ لِّيُدْخِلَ ٱللَّهُ فِى رَحْمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا۟ لَعَذَّبْنَا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا

Humul lazeena kafaroo wa saddookum 'anil-Masjidil-Haraami walhadya ma'koofan any yablugha mahillah; wa law laa rijaalum mu'minoona wa nisaaa'um mu'minaatul lam ta'lamoohum an tata'oohum fatuseebakum minhum ma'arratum bighairi 'ilmin liyud khilal laahu fee rahmatihee many yashaaa'; law tazayyaloo la'azzabnal lazeena kafaroo minhum 'azaaban aleema

They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Haram while the offering was prevented from reaching its place of sacrifice. And if not for believing men and believing women whom you did not know - that you might trample them and there would befall you because of them dishonor without [your] knowledge - [you would have been permitted to enter Makkah]. [This was so] that Allah might admit to His mercy whom He willed. If they had been apart [from them], We would have punished those who disbelieved among them with painful punishment

یہ وہی لوگ ہیں جنہوں نے کفر کیا اور تم کو مسجد حرام سے روک دیا اور قربانیوں کو بھی کہ اپنی جگہ پہنچنے سے رکی رہیں۔ اور اگر ایسے مسلمان مرد اور مسلمان عورتیں نہ ہوتیں جن کو تم جانتے نہ تھے کہ اگر تم ان کو پامال کر دیتے تو تم کو ان کی طرف سے بےخبری میں نقصان پہنچ جاتا۔ (تو بھی تمہارے ہاتھ سے فتح ہوجاتی مگر تاخیر) اس لئے (ہوئی) کہ خدا اپنی رحمت میں جس کو چاہے داخل کرلے۔ اور اگر دونوں فریق الگ الگ ہوجاتے تو جو ان میں کافر تھے ان ہم دکھ دینے والا عذاب دیتے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque that is barred you from reaching it and prevented the offering wa’l-hadya is a supplement to the suffixed pronoun –kum ‘you’ of saddūkum ‘they barred you’ which was detained ma‘kūfan is a circumstantial qualifier from reaching its destination that is from the place at which it is customarily sacrificed namely the Sanctuary itself an yablugha mahillahu is an inclusive substitution. And were it not for some of the believing men and believing women being present at Mecca alongside the disbelievers whom you did not know to be believers — lest you should trample them that is to say lest you should slay them together with the disbelievers had you been given permission to embark on the conquest an tata’ūhum is an inclusive substitution for –hum ‘them’ of lam ta‘lamūhum ‘whom you did not know’ and thus incur sin on account of them without your knowing it … the third person pronouns in both groups of people predominantly imply males; the response to lawlā ‘were it not’ has been omitted through ellipsis being something along the lines of la-udhina lakum fī’l-fathi ‘you would have been permitted to embark on the conquest’ but permission for this was not given at the time so that God may admit into His mercy whom He will such as those believers mentioned. Had they been clearly separated had they the believers been distinguishable from the disbelievers We would have surely chastised the disbelievers among them of the people of Mecca immediately thereat by permitting you to go ahead with the conquest thereof with a painful chastisement.

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إِذْ جَعَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلْحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ ٱلْجَٰهِلِيَّةِ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَةَ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ وَكَانُوٓا۟ أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهْلَهَا وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًا

Iz ja'alal lazeena kafaroo fee quloobihimul hamiyyata hamiyyatal jaahiliyyati fa anzalal laahu sakeenatahoo 'alaa Rasoolihee wa 'alal mu mineena wa alzamahum kalimatat taqwaa wa kaanooo ahaqqa bihaa wa ahlahaa; wa kaanal laahu bikulli shai'in Aleema

When those who disbelieved had put into their hearts chauvinism - the chauvinism of the time of ignorance. But Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers and imposed upon them the word of righteousness, and they were more deserving of it and worthy of it. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing.

جب کافروں نے اپنے دلوں میں ضد کی اور ضد بھی جاہلیت کی۔ تو خدا نے اپنے پیغمبر اور مومنوں پر اپنی طرف سے تسکین نازل فرمائی اور ان کو پرہیزگاری کی بات پر قائم رکھا اور وہ اسی کے مستحق اور اہل تھے۔ اور خدا ہر چیز سے خبردار ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

When those who disbelieve alladhīna kafarū is the subject of the following verb ja‘ala nourished idh ja‘ala is semantically connected to ‘adhdhabnā in their hearts zealotry al-hamiyya means ‘disdain of something’ the zealotry of pagandom hamiyyata’l-jāhiliyyati substitutes for al-hamiyyata ‘zealotry’ namely their barring of the Prophet and his Companions from visiting the Sacred Mosque but then God sent down His spirit of Peace upon His Messenger and the believers and so they the disbelievers made a truce with them on the condition that they the believers would be allowed to return the following year and such zealotry would not overcome them the believers as it did the disbelievers then until they would come to fight them later and He made them the believers abide by the word of God-fearing kalimata’l-taqwā ‘there is no god except God and Muhammad is His Messenger’ it kalima ‘word’ is annexed to al-taqwā because it is the cause of it for they were worthier of it of the word than the disbelievers and deserving of it wa-ahlahā is an explanatory supplement. And God is ever Knower of all things that is to say He is ever possessed of such an attribute and among the things He knows is that they are worthy of it.

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لَّقَدْ صَدَقَ ٱللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ٱلرُّءْيَا بِٱلْحَقِّ لَتَدْخُلُنَّ ٱلْمَسْجِدَ ٱلْحَرَامَ إِن شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ ءَامِنِينَ مُحَلِّقِينَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ لَا تَخَافُونَ فَعَلِمَ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا۟ فَجَعَلَ مِن دُونِ ذَٰلِكَ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا

Laqad sadaqal laahu Rasoolahur ru'yaa bilhaqq, latadkhulunnal Masjidal-Haraama in shaaa'al laahu aamineena muhalliqeena ru'oosakum wa muqassireena laa takhaafoona fa'alima maa lam ta'lamoo faja'ala min dooni zaalika fathan qareebaa

Certainly has Allah showed to His Messenger the vision in truth. You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety, with your heads shaved and [hair] shortened, not fearing [anyone]. He knew what you did not know and has arranged before that a conquest near [at hand].

بےشک خدا نے اپنے پیغمبر کو سچا (اور) صحیح خواب دکھایا۔ کہ تم خدا نے چاہا تو مسجد حرام میں اپنے سر منڈوا کر اور اپنے بال کتروا کر امن وامان سے داخل ہوگے۔ اور کسی طرح کا خوف نہ کرو گے۔ جو بات تم نہیں جانتے تھے اس کو معلوم تھی سو اس نے اس سے پہلے ہی جلد فتح کرادی

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Verily God has fulfilled the vision for His Messenger in all truth The Messenger of God s saw in his sleep in the year of al-Hudaybiyya before his departure from Medina that he would enter Mecca together with his Companions safely whereafter they would shave completely or shorten their hair. He informed his Companions of this and they rejoiced. But when they set off with him from Medina and the disbelievers impeded them at al-Hudaybiyya such that they had to retreat which was distressing for them for some of the hypocrites began to have doubts about the Prophet’s sincerity this verse was revealed bi’l-haqqi ‘in all truth’ is semantically connected to sadaqa ‘fulfilled’ or it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-ru’yā ‘the vision’ and what comes after it is the explanation thereof ‘You will assuredly enter the Sacred Mosque God willing — this is said to secure blessings — in safety to shave your heads that is all the hair or to shorten it to shorten some of the hair both muhalliqīna and muqassirīna are implied circumstantial qualifiers without any fear’ ever. So He knew there to be in the truce what you did not know in the way of reconciliation between the believers and the Meccans and assigned you before that entry a near victory namely the conquest of Khaybar — the vision was fulfilled in the following year.

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هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ ٱلْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّينِ كُلِّهِۦ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِيدًا

Huwal lazeee arsala Rasoolahoo bilhudaa wa deenil haqqi liyuzhirahoo 'alad deeni kullih; wa kafaa billaahi Shaheeda

It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion. And sufficient is Allah as Witness.

وہی تو ہے جس نے اپنے پیغمبر کو ہدایت (کی کتاب) اور دین حق دے کر بھیجا تاکہ اس کو تمام دینوں پر غالب کرے۔ اور حق ظاہر کرنے کے لئے خدا ہی کافی ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

It is He Who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth that He may make it that is the religion of truth prevail over all religion over all the other religions. And God suffices as witness to the fact that you have been sent with what has been mentioned as God exalted be He says

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مُّحَمَّدٌ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلَّذِينَ مَعَهُۥٓ أَشِدَّآءُ عَلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَآءُ بَيْنَهُمْ تَرَىٰهُمْ رُكَّعًا سُجَّدًا يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنًا سِيمَاهُمْ فِى وُجُوهِهِم مِّنْ أَثَرِ ٱلسُّجُودِ ذَٰلِكَ مَثَلُهُمْ فِى ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ وَمَثَلُهُمْ فِى ٱلْإِنجِيلِ كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْـَٔهُۥ فَـَٔازَرَهُۥ فَٱسْتَغْلَظَ فَٱسْتَوَىٰ عَلَىٰ سُوقِهِۦ يُعْجِبُ ٱلزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ مِنْهُم مَّغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًۢا

Muhammadur Rasoolul laah; wallazeena ma'ahooo ashiddaaa'u 'alal kuffaaari ruhamaaa'u bainahum taraahum rukka'an sujjadany yabtaghoona fadlam minal laahi wa ridwaanan seemaahum fee wujoohihim min asaris sujood; zaalika masaluhum fit tawraah; wa masaluhum fil Injeeli kazar'in akhraja shat 'ahoo fa 'aazarahoo fastaghlaza fastawaa 'alaa sooqihee yu'jibuz zurraa'a liyagheeza bihimul kuffaar; wa'adal laahul lazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati minhum maghfiratanw wa ajran 'azeemaa

Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating [in prayer], seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow firm and stand upon their stalks, delighting the sowers - so that Allah may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward.

محمدﷺ خدا کے پیغمبر ہیں اور جو لوگ ان کے ساتھ ہیں وہ کافروں کے حق میں سخت ہیں اور آپس میں رحم دل، (اے دیکھنے والے) تو ان کو دیکھتا ہے کہ (خدا کے آگے) جھکے ہوئے سر بسجود ہیں اور خدا کا فضل اور اس کی خوشنودی طلب کر رہے ہیں۔ (کثرت) سجود کے اثر سے ان کی پیشانیوں پر نشان پڑے ہوئے ہیں۔ ان کے یہی اوصاف تورات میں (مرقوم) ہیں۔ اور یہی اوصاف انجیل میں ہیں۔ (وہ) گویا ایک کھیتی ہیں جس نے (پہلے زمین سے) اپنی سوئی نکالی پھر اس کو مضبوط کیا پھر موٹی ہوئی اور پھر اپنی نال پر سیدھی کھڑی ہوگئی اور لگی کھیتی والوں کو خوش کرنے تاکہ کافروں کا جی جلائے۔ جو لوگ ان میں سے ایمان لائے اور نیک عمل کرتے رہے ان سے خدا نے گناہوں کی بخشش اور اجر عظیم کا وعدہ کیا ہے

Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Muhammad the subject is the Messenger of God its predicate and those who are with him that is his Companions from among the believers wa’lladhīna ma‘ahu another subject the predicate of which is the following ashiddā’u are hard tough against the disbelievers showing them no mercy but merciful among themselves ruhamā’u is a second predicate of wa’lladhīna ma‘ahu ‘and those who are with him’ that is to say they show mutual sympathy and affection for one another much like a father and a son. You see you observe them bowing prostrating in worship both rukka‘an and sujjadan are circumstantial qualifiers. They seek yabtaghūna is the beginning of a new sentence bounty from God and beatitude. Their mark sīmāhum is a subject their distinguishing feature is on their faces fī wujūhihim is its predicate this is a light and a radiance by which in the Hereafter they will be recognised as having been those who used to prostrate in this world from the effect of prostration min athari’l-sujūdi is semantically connected to the same thing to which the predicate is semantically connected that is to say kā’inatan ‘this being from the effect of prostration’; syntactically it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of kā’inatan which is also the subject of the predicate sc. wujūhihim ‘their faces’. That mentioned description is their description mathaluhum is the subject in the Torah fī’l-tawrāti is the predicate thereof; and their description in the Gospel wa-mathaluhum fī’l-injīli is a subject the predicate of which is what follows is as a seed that sends forth its shoot read shat’ahu or shata’ahu and strengthens it read āzarahu or azarahu nourishing it and assisting it and it grows stout and rises firmly becoming strong and upright upon its stalk its roots sūq is the plural of sāq delighting the sowers that is to say those who planted it on account of its fairness. The Companions may God be pleased with them are being described in this way for at the outset they were weak and very few in number; but then their number grew and they acquired strength in the most wholesome way so that He may enrage the disbelievers by them li-yaghīza bihimu’l-kuffāra is semantically connected to an omitted clause which is suggested by what preceded that is to say ‘they are likened to this so that God may enrage the disbelievers’. God has promised those of them who believe and perform righteous deeds the Companions minhum ‘of them’ min ‘of’ is an indicator of the genus and not partitive for they are all possessed of the mentioned attributes forgiveness and a great reward — Paradise. Both of these rewards will also be given to those who will come after them as is stated in other verses.