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Rules of Warfare

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Rules of Warfare

أحكام القتال

The Islamic rules of warfare, known as *Ahkam al-Qital*, are divinely guided principles that govern engagement in conflict, emphasizing justice, defense, and the preservation of human life. While Islam is fundamentally a religion of peace, it acknowledges the necessity of self-defense when unjustly attacked. The Quran clearly states, [Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress], establishing a clear boundary against aggression. Transgression, such as harming non-combatants, destroying property unnecessarily, or initiating hostilities, is strictly forbidden. A core principle highlighted is that [persecution (fitnah) is worse than killing] and [greater than fighting in sacred months]. This emphasizes that preventing severe religious oppression and forced conversion is a grave concern that may necessitate defensive action. However, even in such circumstances, the faith encourages seeking peace and upholding treaties, as Allah commands [if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allah has not made for you a cause for fighting against them]. These rules provide a framework to ensure that any engagement is lawful, ethical, and proportional, reflecting Islam's commitment to justice even in the most challenging situations.

Quran 24 verses

وَقَٰتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُعْتَدِينَ

Wa qaatiloo fee sabeelillaahil lazeena yuqaatiloonakum wa laa ta'tadooo; innal laaha laa yuhibbul mu'tadeen

Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. Allah does not like transgressors.

اور جو لوگ تم سے لڑتے ہیں تم بھی خدا کی راہ میں ان سے لڑو مگر زیادتی نہ کرنا کہ خدا زیادتی کرنے والوں کو دوست نہیں رکھتا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Jihad: To fight in the way of Allah That Jihad and Qital or fighting against disbelievers was prohibited prior to the emigration to Madinah is a fact the entire Muslim community agrees upon. All verses revealed during that time advised Muslims to be patient against pains inflicted on them by disbeli...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: After the Prophet s was prevented from visiting the House in the year of the battle of Hudaybiyya he made a pact with the disbelievers that he would be allowed to return the following year at which time they would vacate Mecca for three days. Having prepared to depart for the Visitation ‘umra he and...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command to fight Those Who fight Muslims and killing Them wherever They are found Abu Ja`far Ar-Razi said that Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that Abu Al-`Aliyah commented on what Allah said: وَقَـتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ (And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you,)...

وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُم مِّنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَٱلْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ ٱلْقَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَٰتِلُوهُمْ عِندَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِن قَٰتَلُوكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ

Waqtuloohum haisu saqif tumoohum wa akhrijoohum min haisu akhrajookum; walfitnatu ashaddu minal qatl; wa laa tuqaatiloohum 'indal Majidil Haraami hattaa yaqaatilookum feehi fa in qaatalookum faqtuloohum; kazaalika jazaaa'ul kaafireen

And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.

اور ان کو جہاں پاؤ قتل کردو اور جہاں سے انہوں نے تم کو نکالا ہے (یعنی مکے سے) وہاں سے تم بھی ان کو نکال دو۔ اور (دین سے گمراہ کرنے کا) فساد قتل وخونریزی سے کہیں بڑھ کر ہے اور جب تک وہ تم سے مسجد محترم (یعنی خانہ کعبہ) کے پاس نہ لڑیں تم بھی وہاں ان سے نہ لڑنا۔ ہاں اگر وہ تم سے لڑیں تو تم ان کو قتل کرڈالو۔ کافروں کی یہی سزا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: As already explained briefly in the opening remarks, the verse 191, that is, وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِ‌جُوهُم (And kill them; wherever you find them and drive them out from where they drove you out...), was revealed after the happening at Hudaybiyyah حُدیبیہ at a time when the H...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And slay them wherever you come upon them and expel them from where they expelled you that is from Mecca and this was done after the Conquest of Mecca; sedition their idolatry is more grievous more serious than slaying them in the Sacred Enclosure or while in a state of pilgrimage inviolability the ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command to fight Those Who fight Muslims and killing Them wherever They are found Abu Ja`far Ar-Razi said that Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that Abu Al-`Aliyah commented on what Allah said: وَقَـتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ (And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you,)...

يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلشَّهْرِ ٱلْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌۢ بِهِۦ وَٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِۦ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ ٱلْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَن دِينِكُمْ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَٰعُوا۟ وَمَن يَرْتَدِدْ مِنكُمْ عَن دِينِهِۦ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَٰلُهُمْ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ

Yas'aloonaka 'anish Shahril Haraami qitaalin feehi qul qitaahun feehi kabeerunw wa saddun 'an sabeelil laahi wa kufrum bihee wal Masjidil Haraami wa ikhraaju ahlihee minhu akbaru 'indal laah; walfitnatu akbaru minal qatl; wa laa yazaaloona yuqaatiloonakum hatta yaruddookum 'an deenikum inis tataa'oo; wa mai yartadid minkum 'an deenihee fayamut wahuwa kaafirun fa ulaaa'ika habitat a'maaluhum fid dunyaa wal aakhirati wa ulaaa'ika ashaabun Naari hum feehaa khaalidoon

They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allah. And fitnah is greater than killing." And they will continue to fight you until they turn you back from your religion if they are able. And whoever of you reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever - for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, and those are the companions of the Fire, they will abide therein eternally.

(اے محمدﷺ) لوگ تم سے عزت والے مہینوں میں لڑائی کرنے کے بارے میں دریافت کرتے ہیں کہہ دو کہ ان میں لڑنا بڑا (گناہ) ہےاور خدا کی راہ سے روکنا اور اس سے کفر کرنا اور مسجد حرام (یعنی خانہ کعبہ میں جانے) سے (بند کرنا) ۔ اور اہل مسجد کو اس میں سے نکال دینا (جو یہ کفار کرتے ہیں) خدا کے نزدیک اس سے بھی زیادہ (گناہ) ہے۔ اور فتنہ انگیزی خونریزی سے بھی بڑھ کر ہے۔ اور یہ لوگ ہمیشہ تم سے لڑتے رہیں گے یہاں تک کہ اگر مقدور رکھیں تو تم کو تمہارے دین سے پھیر دیں۔ اور جو کوئی تم میں سے اپنے دین سے پھر کر (کافر ہو) جائے گا اور کافر ہی مرے گا تو ایسے لوگوں کے اعمال دنیا اور آخرت دونوں میں برباد ہوجائیں گے اور یہی لوگ دوزخ (میں جانے) والے ہیں جس میں ہمیشہ رہیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The injunction relating to fighting in the 'sacred' months: The second of the three verses under comment here proves that fighting is forbidden in Rajab, Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram, the four 'sacred' months. In the same way, there are several verses of the Holy Qur'an where fighting has b...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Thus the Prophet s sent forth the first of his raiding parties under the command of ‘Abd Allāh b. Jahsh. They fought against the idolaters and killed ‘Amr b. ‘Abd Allāh Ibn al-Hadramī in the sacred month of Rajab thinking that it was the last day of Jumādā II. The disbelievers reviled them for makin...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Nakhlah Military Maneuvers, and the Ruling on Fighting during the Sacred Months Ibn Abu Hatim reported that Jundub bin `Abdullah said: Allah's Messenger ﷺ assembled a group of men under the command of Abu `Ubaydah bin Jarrah. When he was about to march, he started crying for the thought of missi...

وَدُّوا۟ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا۟ فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَآءً فَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَخُذُوهُمْ وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا

Wadoo law takfuroona kamaa kafaroo fatakoonoona sawaaa'an falaa tattakhizoo minhum awliyaaa'a hattaa yuhaajiroo fee sabeelil laah; fa in tawallaw fa khuzoohum waqtuloohum haisu wajat tumoohum wa laa tattakhizoo minhum waliyyanw wa laa naseeraa

They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take from among them allies until they emigrate for the cause of Allah. But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them any ally or helper.

وہ تو یہی چاہتے ہیں کہ جس طرح وہ خود کافر ہیں (اسی طرح) تم بھی کافر ہو کر (سب) برابر ہوجاؤ تو جب تک وہ خدا کی راہ میں وطن نہ چھوڑ جائیں ان میں سے کسی کو دوست نہ بنانا اگر (ترک وطن کو) قبول نہ کریں تو ان کو پکڑ لو اور جہاں پاؤ قتل کردو اور ان میں سے کسی کو اپنا رفیق اور مددگار نہ بناؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Different forms of Emigration and their Rules Hijrah (Emigration) mentioned in verse 89 has been taken up in detail under the commentary on verse 100 of Surah al-Nis-a' which appears a little later. At this point, it is sufficient to know that Emigration from the homeland of Disbelief (Darul-kufr) w...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: They long they wish that you should disbelieve as they disbelieve so then you and they would be equal in unbelief; therefore do not take friends from among them associating with them even if they should outwardly manifest belief until they emigrate in the way of God a proper emigration that would co...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah criticizes the believers for disagreeing over the hypocrites. There are conflicting opinions over the reason behind revealing this Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said that Messen...

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍۭ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٌ أَوْ جَآءُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ أَن يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ أَوْ يُقَٰتِلُوا۟ قَوْمَهُمْ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَٰتَلُوكُمْ فَإِنِ ٱعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْا۟ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَمَ فَمَا جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلًا

Illal lazeena yasiloona ilaa qawmim binakum wa bainahum meesaaqun aw jaaa'ookum hasirat sudooruhum ai yuqaatilookum aw yuqaatiloo qawmahum, wa law shaaa'al laahu lasallatahum 'alaikum falaqaatalookum; fa ini' tazalookum falam yuqaatilookum wa alqaw ilaikumus salama famaa ja'alal laahu lakum 'alaihim sabeelaa

Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at [the prospect of] fighting you or fighting their own people. And if Allah had willed, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allah has not made for you a cause [for fighting] against them.

مگر جو لوگ ایسے لوگوں سے جا ملے ہوں جن میں اور تم میں (صلح کا) عہد ہو یا اس حال میں کہ ان کے دل تمہارے ساتھ یا اپنی قوم کے ساتھ لڑنے سے رک گئے ہوں تمہارے پاس آجائیں (تو احتراز ضروری نہیں) اور اگر خدا چاہتا تو ان کو تم پر غالب کردیتا تو وہ تم سے ضرور لڑتے پھر اگر وہ تم سے (جنگ کرنے سے) کنارہ کشی کریں اور لڑیں نہیں اور تمہاری طرف صلح (کا پیغام) بھیجیں تو خدا نے تمہارے لئے ان پر (زبردستی کرنے کی) کوئی سبیل مقرر نہیں کی

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Different forms of Emigration and their Rules Hijrah (Emigration) mentioned in verse 89 has been taken up in detail under the commentary on verse 100 of Surah al-Nis-a' which appears a little later. At this point, it is sufficient to know that Emigration from the homeland of Disbelief (Darul-kufr) w...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Except those who attach themselves to who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant a pledge of security for them and for whoever attaches himself to them in the manner of the Prophet’s s covenant with Hilāl b. ‘Uwaymir al-Aslamī; or those who come to you with their breasts ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah criticizes the believers for disagreeing over the hypocrites. There are conflicting opinions over the reason behind revealing this Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said that Messen...

سَتَجِدُونَ ءَاخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُوا۟ قَوْمَهُمْ كُلَّ مَا رُدُّوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلْفِتْنَةِ أُرْكِسُوا۟ فِيهَا فَإِن لَّمْ يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُوٓا۟ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَمَ وَيَكُفُّوٓا۟ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَخُذُوهُمْ وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَٰنًا مُّبِينًا

Satajidoona aakhareena yureedoona ai yaamanookum wa yaamanoo qawmahum kullamaa ruddooo ilal itnati urkisoo feehaa; fa il lam ya'tazilookum wa yulqooo ilai kumus salama wa yakuffooo aidiyahum fakhuzoohum waqtuloohum haisu saqif tumoohum; wa ulaaa'ikum ja'alnaa lakum 'alaihim sultaanam mubeenaa

You will find others who wish to obtain security from you and [to] obtain security from their people. Every time they are returned to [the influence of] disbelief, they fall back into it. So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you overtake them. And those - We have made for you against them a clear authorization.

تم کچھ اور لوگ ایسے بھی پاؤ گے جو یہ چاہتے ہیں کہ تم سے بھی امن میں رہیں اور اپنی قوم سے بھی امن میں رہیں لیکن فتنہ انگیزی کو بلائے جائیں تو اس میں اوندھے منہ گر پڑیں تو ایسے لوگ اگر تم سے (لڑنے سے) کنارہ کشی نہ کریں اور نہ تمہاری طرف (پیغام) صلح بھیجیں اور نہ اپنے ہاتھوں کو روکیں تو ان کو پکڑ لو اور جہاں پاؤ قتل کردو ان لوگوں کے مقابلے میں ہم نے تمہارے لئے سند صریح مقرر کردی ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Different forms of Emigration and their Rules Hijrah (Emigration) mentioned in verse 89 has been taken up in detail under the commentary on verse 100 of Surah al-Nis-a' which appears a little later. At this point, it is sufficient to know that Emigration from the homeland of Disbelief (Darul-kufr) w...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: You will find others desiring to have security from you by manifesting belief before you and security from their own people through unbelief when they return to them and these were the tribes of Asad and Ghatafān; yet whenever they are returned to sedition whenever they are summoned to idolatry they...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah criticizes the believers for disagreeing over the hypocrites. There are conflicting opinions over the reason behind revealing this Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said that Messen...

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَن يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَـًٔا وَمَن قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَـًٔا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَصَّدَّقُوا۟ فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍۭ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا

Wa maa kaana limu'minin ai yaqtula mu'minan illaa khata'aa; waman qatala mu'minan khata'an fatabreeru raqabatim mu'minatinw wa diyatum mmusallamatun ilaaa ahliheee illaaa ai yassaddaqoo; fa in kaana min qawmin 'aduwwil lakum wa huwa mu'minun fatabreeru raqabatim mu'minah; wa in kaana min qawmim bainakum wa bainahum meesaaqun fadiyatum mmusallamatun ilaaa ahlihee wa tahreeru raqabatim mu'minatin famal lam yajid fa Siyaamu shahraini mutataabi'aini tawhatam minal laah; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman hakeemaa

And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake - then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment presented to the deceased's family [is required] unless they give [up their right as] charity. But if the deceased was from a people at war with you and he was a believer - then [only] the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty - then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave. And whoever does not find [one or cannot afford to buy one] - then [instead], a fast for two months consecutively, [seeking] acceptance of repentance from Allah. And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.

اور کسی مومن کو شایان نہیں کہ مومن کو مار ڈالے مگر بھول کر اور جو بھول کر بھی مومن کو مار ڈالے تو (ایک تو) ایک مسلمان غلام آزاد کردے اور (دوسرے) مقتول کے وارثوں کو خون بہا دے ہاں اگر وہ معاف کردیں (تو ان کو اختیار ہے) اگر مقتول تمہارے دشمنوں کی جماعت میں سے ہو اور وہ خود مومن ہو تو صرف ایک مسلمان غلام آزاد کرنا چاہیئے اور اگر مقتول ایسے لوگوں میں سے ہو جن میں اور تم میں صلح کا عہد ہو تو وارثان مقتول کو خون بہا دینا اور ایک مسلمان غلام آزاد کرنا چاہیئے اور جس کو یہ میسر نہ ہو وہ متواتر دو مہینے کے روزے رکھے یہ (کفارہ) خدا کی طرف سے (قبول) توبہ (کے لئے) ہے اور خدا (سب کچھ) جانتا اور بڑی حکمت والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Sequence of Verses Linked with earlier verses dealing with fighting and killing, all forms of killing, in the first instance, are eight in number because the person killed is covered by one of the four conditions which follow. Either, he is a Muslim; or, he is a Dhimmi (a free, protected,...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: It is not for a believer to slay a believer in other words no such slaying should result at his hands except by mistake killing him by mistake unintentionally. He who slays a believer by mistake when he meant to strike some other thing as in the case of hunting or shooting at trees but then happens ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Ruling Concerning Killing a Believer by Mistake Allah states that the believer is not allowed to kill his believing brother under any circumstances. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِىءٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِ...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا۟ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ لِمَنْ أَلْقَىٰٓ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَٰمَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا فَعِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَٰلِكَ كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo izaa darabtum fee sabeelil laahi fatabaiyanoo wa laa taqooloo liman alqaaa ilaikumus salaama lasta mu'minan tabtaghoona 'aradal hayaatid dunyaa fa'indal laahi maghaanimu kaseerah; kazaalika kuntum min qablu famannnal laahu 'alaikum fatabaiyanoo; innallaaha kaana bimaa ta'maloona Khabeeraa

O you who have believed, when you go forth [to fight] in the cause of Allah, investigate; and do not say to one who gives you [a greeting of] peace "You are not a believer," aspiring for the goods of worldly life; for with Allah are many acquisitions. You [yourselves] were like that before; then Allah conferred His favor upon you, so investigate. Indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.

مومنو! جب تم خدا کی راہ میں باہر نکلو کرو تو تحقیق سے کام لیا کرو اور جو شخص تم سے سلام علیک کرے اس سے یہ نہ کہو کہ تم مومن نہیں اور اس سے تمہاری غرض یہ ہو کہ دنیا کی زندگی کا فائدہ حاصل کرو سو خدا کے نزدیک بہت سے غنیمتیں ہیں تم بھی تو پہلے ایسے ہی تھے پھر خدا نے تم پر احسان کیا تو (آئندہ) تحقیق کرلیا کرو اور جو عمل تم کرتے ہو خدا کو سب کی خبر ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: CommentarySequence of Verses Stern warning has been given against the killing of a Muslim in previous verses. Now it is being said that the apparent profession of Islam is all that is needed for a Muslim to be regarded as a Muslim obligated to observe the laws of the Shari’ ah. So, it is necessary t...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The following was revealed when a group from among the Companions passed by a man from the Banū Sulaym driving his flock of sheep and he offered them a greeting of peace. But they said ‘He only greeted us dissimulating out of fear’. So they killed him and took away his flock O you who believe when y...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Greeting with the Salam is a Sign of Islam Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ikrimah said that Ibn `Abbas said, "A man from Bani Sulaym, who was tending a flock of sheep, passed by some of the Companions of the Prophet and said Salam to them. They said (to each other), `He only said Salam to protect himself...

وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقْصُرُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَن يَفْتِنَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ كَانُوا۟ لَكُمْ عَدُوًّا مُّبِينًا

Wa izaa darabtum fil ardi falaisa 'alaikum junaahun an taqsuroo minas Salaati in khiftum ai yaftinakumul lazeena kafarooo; innal kaafireena kaanoo lakum aduwwam mubeenaa

And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer, [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you. Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.

اور جب تم سفر کو جاؤ تو تم پر کچھ گناہ نہیں کہ نماز کو کم کرکے پڑھو بشرطیکہ تم کو خوف ہو کہ کافر لوگ تم کو ایذا دیں گے بےشک کافر تمہارے کھلے دشمن ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: 1. Sajdah or Sujud, a way of prostration specified by the Shari` ah of Islam as a part of Salah. Commentary The subject of Jihad and Hijrah were taken up in previous verses. Since travel is involved in Jihad and Hijrah under most conditions, the likelihood of confrontation with the enemy is strong a...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And when you are going forth travelling in the land you would not be at fault if you shorten the prayer by making it two genuflexions instead of four if you fear that you may be afflicted by those who do not believe that is if you fear that you may be harmed by them this fear of affliction at the ha...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Salat Al-Qasr, Shortening the Prayer Allah said, وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ (And when you Darabtum in the land,) meaning if you travel in the land. In another Ayah, Allah said, أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُمْ مَّرْضَى وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَءَاخَرُونَ (He...

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا۟ فَلْيَكُونُوا۟ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌ أُخْرَىٰ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا۟ فَلْيُصَلُّوا۟ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةً وَٰحِدَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَن تَضَعُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا

Wa izaa kunta feehim fa aqamta lahumus Salaata faltaqum taaa'ifatum minhum ma'aka walyaakhuzooo aslihatahum fa izaa sajadoo fal yakoonoo minw waraaa'ikum waltaati taaa'ifatun ukhraa lam yusalloo falyusallo ma'aka walyaakhuzoo hizrahum wa aslihatahum; waddal lazeena kafaroo law taghfuloona 'anaslihatikum wa amti'atikum fa yameeloona 'alaikum mailatanw waahidah; wa laa junaaha 'alaikum in kaana bikum azam mimmatarin aw kuntum mmardaaa an tada'ooo aslihatakum wa khuzoo hizrakum; innal laaha a'adda lilkaafireena 'azaabam muheenaa

And when you are among them and lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry their arms. And when they have prostrated, let them be [in position] behind you and have the other group come forward which has not [yet] prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your weapons and your baggage so they could come down upon you in one [single] attack. But there is no blame upon you, if you are troubled by rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution. Indeed, Allah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.

اور (اے پیغمبر) جب تم ان (مجاہدین کے لشکر) میں ہو اور ان کو نماز پڑھانے لگو تو چاہیئے کہ ان کی ایک جماعت تمہارے ساتھ مسلح ہو کر کھڑی رہے جب وہ سجدہ کرچکیں تو پرے ہو جائیں پھر دوسری جماعت جس نے نماز نہیں پڑھی (ان کی جگہ) آئے اور ہوشیار اور مسلح ہو کر تمہارے ساتھ نماز ادا کرے کافر اس گھات میں ہیں کہ تم ذرا اپنے ہتھیاروں اور سامان سے غافل ہو جاؤ تو تم پر یکبارگی حملہ کردیں اگر تم بارش کے سبب تکلیف میں یا بیمار ہو تو تم پر کچھ گناہ نہیں کہ ہتھیار اتار رکھو مگر ہوشیار ضرور رہنا خدا نے کافروں کے لئے ذلت کا عذاب تیار کر رکھا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The concessions given in travel (In Islamic legal terminology, Safar means journey or travel; Qasr refers to the making of one's Salah short while in that status. Thus, four obligatory Raka’ at of Zuhr, 'Asr and 'Isha are reduced in number and confined to two Raka'at only.) Rulings: 1. Full Sarah is...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: When you O Muhammad (s) are present among them while you all fear an enemy and you stand to lead them in prayer this type of address is customary in the Qur’ān let a party of them stand with you while another party stand back and let them the party standing with you take their weapons with them. The...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Description of The Fear Prayer The Fear prayer has different forms, for the enemy is sometimes in the direction of the Qiblah and sometimes in another direction. The Fear prayer consists sometimes of four Rak`ahs, three Rak`ahs, as for Maghrib, and sometimes two Rak`ah like Fajr and prayer durin...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ ٱلْأَدْبَارَ

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo izaa laqeetumul lazeena kafaroo zahfan falaa tuwalloohumul adbaar

O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing [for battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight].

اے اہل ایمان جب میدان جنگ میں کفار سے تمہار مقابلہ ہو تو ان سے پیٹھ نہ پھیرنا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Out of the verses appearing above, the first two (15-16) tell us about a military law of Islam. The word: زحف (zahf) translated here literally as 'marching to battle' denotes the confrontation and intermingling between the two armies. The sense is that once a war is on, turning back and d...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who believe when you encounter the disbelievers inching forward that is amassed advancing slowly because of their large numbers do not turn your backs to them fleeing.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Fleeing from Battle is prohibited, and its Punishment Allah said, while warning against fleeing from the battlefield and threatening those who do it with the Fire, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ زَحْفاً (O you who believe! When you meet those who disbelieve, in ...

وَمَن يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُۥٓ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِّقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَآءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَأْوَىٰهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ

Wa mai yuwallihim yawma'izin duburahooo illaa mutaharrifal liqitaalin aw mutahaiyizan ilaa fi'atin faqad baaa'a bighadabim minal laahi wa maawaahu Jahannamu wa bi'sal maseer

And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless swerving [as a strategy] for war or joining [another] company, has certainly returned with anger [upon him] from Allah, and his refuge is Hell - and wretched is the destination.

اور جو شخص جنگ کے روز اس صورت کے سوا کہ لڑائی کے لیے کنارے کنارے چلے (یعنی حکمت عملی سے دشمن کو مارے) یا اپنی فوج میں جا ملنا چاہے۔ ان سے پیٹھ پھیرے گا تو (سمجھو کہ) وہ خدا کے غضب میں گرفتار ہوگیا اور اس کا ٹھکانا دوزخ ہے۔ اور وہ بہت ہی بری جگہ ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The exception covers two states: (1) لَّا مُتَحَرِّ‌فًا لِّقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٍ (unless maneuvering for battle,) (2) أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٍ (or turning to join a company) that is, when a war is on, turning one's back is permissible only under two conditions. Firstly, this...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Whoever turns his back to them on that day the day of the encounter with them unless manœuvring turning around for battle — by pretending to be in flight as a trick while actually intending to relaunch an attack — or joining another detachment a company of Muslims calling on it for assistance he has...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Fleeing from Battle is prohibited, and its Punishment Allah said, while warning against fleeing from the battlefield and threatening those who do it with the Fire, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ زَحْفاً (O you who believe! When you meet those who disbelieve, in ...

فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفَنَّهُمْ فِى ٱلْحَرْبِ فَشَرِّدْ بِهِم مَّنْ خَلْفَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

Fa immaa tasqafannahum fil harbi fasharrid bihim man khalfahum la'allahum yazzakkaroon

So if you, [O Muhammad], gain dominance over them in war, disperse by [means of] them those behind them that perhaps they will be reminded.

اگر تم ان کو لڑائی میں پاؤ تو انہیں ایسی سزا دو کہ جو لوگ ان کے پس پشت ہیں وہ ان کو دیکھ کر بھاگ جائیں عجب نہیں کہ ان کو (اس سے) عبرت ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: In the fourth verse (57), Allah Ta` ala has given a standing instruction to His Rasul ﷺ about such evil breakers of solemn pledges in the following words: فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْحَرْ‌بِ فَشَرِّ‌دْ بِهِم مَّنْ خَلْفَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُ‌ونَ ﴿57﴾ So, if you find them in war, make them ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So if fa-immā here the letter nūn of the conditional particle in ‘if’ has been assimilated with the extra mā you come upon them if you find them anywhere in the war deal with them so as to cause those fighters behind them to scatter to disperse by making an example of them and punishing them so that...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Striking Hard against Those Who disbelieve and break the Covenants Allah states here that the worst moving creatures on the face of the earth are those who disbelieve, who do not embrace the faith, and break promises whenever they make a covenant, even when they vow to keep them, وَهُمْ لاَ يَتَّقُو...

فَإِذَا ٱنسَلَخَ ٱلْأَشْهُرُ ٱلْحُرُمُ فَٱقْتُلُوا۟ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَٱحْصُرُوهُمْ وَٱقْعُدُوا۟ لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِن تَابُوا۟ وَأَقَامُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ فَخَلُّوا۟ سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Fa izansalakhal Ashhurul Hurumu faqtulul mushrikeena haisu wajattumoohum wa khuzoohum wahsuroohum qaq'udoo lahum kulla marsad; fa-in taaboo wa aqaamus Salaata wa aatawuz Zakaata fakhalloo sabeelahum; innal laaha Ghafoorur Raheem

And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

جب عزت کے مہینے گزر جائیں تو مشرکوں کو جہاں پاؤ قتل کر دو اور پکڑلو اور گھیرلو اور ہر گھات کی جگہ ان کی تاک میں بیٹھے رہو۔ پھر اگر وہ توبہ کرلیں اور نماز پڑھنے اور زکوٰة دینے لگیں تو ان کی راہ چھوڑ دو۔ بےشک خدا بخشنے والا مہربان ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: 7. Details as they appear in the fifth verse carry the seventh ruling. When war in defense of a correct objective breaks out against any power, all available combat resources should be used fully and conclusively. That is a time when showing mercy and appeasement would be showing cowardice. From the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Then when the sacred months have passed — that is at the end of the period of deferment — slay the idolaters wherever you find them be it during a lawful period or a sacred one and take them captive and confine them to castles and forts until they have no choice except being put to death or acceptan...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): This is the Ayah of the Sword Mujahid, `Amr bin Shu`ayb, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Qatadah, As-Suddi and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that the four months mentioned in this Ayah are the four-month grace period mentioned in the earlier Ayah, فَسِيحُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ (So travel ...

وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِّنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ ٱسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَعْلَمُونَ

Wa in ahadum minal mushrikeenas tajaaraka fa ajirhu hattaa yasma'a Kalaamal laahi summa ablighhu maa manah; zaalika bi annahum qawmul laa ya'lamoon

And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.

اور اگر کوئی مشرک تم سے پناہ کا خواستگار ہو تو اس کو پناہ دو یہاں تک کہ کلام خدا سننے لگے پھر اس کو امن کی جگہ واپس پہنچادو۔ اس لیے کہ یہ بےخبر لوگ ہیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It was said in the first five verses of Surah At-Taubah that, soon after the Conquest of Makkah, general amnesty was granted to all polytheists and disbelievers of Makkah and its environs. But, in view of their dismal record of treachery and breach of trust in the past, it was decided tha...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And if any one of the idolaters ahadun ‘one’ is in the nominative because of the following verb istajāraka ‘seeks your protection’ that validates it seeks your protection requests security from you against being killed then grant him protection provide security for him so that he might hear the word...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Idolators are granted Safe Passage if They seek It Allah said to His Prophet, peace be upon him, وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (And if anyone of the Mushrikin), whom you were commanded to fight and We allowed you their blood and property,' اسْتَجَارَكَ (seeks your protection), asked you for saf...

وَإِن نَّكَثُوٓا۟ أَيْمَٰنَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ فَقَٰتِلُوٓا۟ أَئِمَّةَ ٱلْكُفْرِ إِنَّهُمْ لَآ أَيْمَٰنَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ

Wa in nakasooo aimaanahum mim ba'di 'ahdihim wa ta'anoo fee deenikum faqaatilooo a'immatal kufri innahum laaa aimaana lahum la'allahum yantahoon

And if they break their oaths after their treaty and defame your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelief, for indeed, there are no oaths [sacred] to them; [fight them that] they might cease.

اور اگر عہد کرنے کے بعد اپنی قسموں کو توڑ ڈالیں اور تمہارے دین میں طعنے کرنے لگیں تو ان کفر کے پیشواؤں سے جنگ کرو (یہ یہ بےایمان لوگ ہیں اور) ان کی قسموں کا کچھ اعتبار نہیں ہے۔ عجب نہیں کہ (اپنی حرکات سے) باز آجائیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary It will be recalled that a cease-fire agreement with the Quraysh of Makkah was concluded at Hudaibiyah in the Hijrah year 6. That the Quraysh will not stick to the agreement was foretold in verse 7 of Su-rah At-Taubah: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِ‌كِينَ عَهْدٌ (how can the Mushriks have a tr...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: But if they break if they violate their oaths their covenants after making their pact and assail your religion slander it then fight the leaders of unbelief its heads here an overt noun ‘the leaders of unbelief’ has replaced the third person pronominalisation — verily they have no binding oaths no p...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Allah says, if the idolators with whom you conducted peace treaties for an appointed term break أَيْمَـنِهِمْ (their oaths) meaning, terms of their treaties, and covenants وَطَعَنُواْ فِى دِينِكُمْ (and attack your religion...) with disapproval and criticism, it is because of this that one who curse...

أَلَا تُقَٰتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَّكَثُوٓا۟ أَيْمَٰنَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا۟ بِإِخْرَاجِ ٱلرَّسُولِ وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَٱللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

Alaa tuqaatiloona qawman nakasooo aimaanahum wa hammoo bi ikhraajir Rasooli wa hum bada'ookum awwala marrah; atakhshawnahum; fallaahu ahaqqu an takhshawhu in kuntum mu'mineen

Would you not fight a people who broke their oaths and determined to expel the Messenger, and they had begun [the attack upon] you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are [truly] believers.

بھلا تم ایسے لوگوں سے کیوں نہ لڑو جنہوں نے اپنی قسموں کو توڑ ڈالا اور پیغمبر (خدا) کے جلا وطن کرنے کا عزم مصمم کر لیا اور انہوں نے تم سے (عہد شکنی کی) ابتدا کی۔ کیا تم ایسے لوگوں سے ڈرتے ہو حالانکہ ڈرنے کے لائق خدا ہے بشرطیکہ ایمان رکھتے ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: After that, to persuade Muslims to fight, they were told in verse 13 that there was no reason why they would not be ready to fight against the kind of people who had conspired to expel the Messenger of Allah. This refers to the Jews of Madinah who had hatched a plan to expel the Holy Prophet ﷺ from ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Will you not a-lā ‘will not’ or ‘is not’ denotes incitement fight a people who broke violated their oaths their pacts and intended to expel the Messenger from Mecca — for they discussed this between them in their council assembly — initiating combat against you first? when they fought alongside Banū...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah. Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ ك...

قَٰتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ

Qaatiloohum yu'az zibhumul laahu bi aideekum wa yukhzihim wa yansurkum 'alaihim wa yashfi sudoora qawmim mu 'mineen

Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and satisfy the breasts of a believing people

ان سے (خوب) لڑو۔ خدا ان کو تمہارے ہاتھوں سے عذاب میں ڈالے گا اور رسوا کرے گا اور تم کو ان پر غلبہ دے گا اور مومن لوگوں کے سینوں کو شفا بخشے گا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: For Muslims, the same exhortation to fight in Jihad appears in verses 14 and 15 as well, though from a different angle. They were told: 1. If you get ready to fight them, the help and support from Allah will be with you. As for their enemies, they have already become deserving of Divine punishment b...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Fight them and God will chastise them He will have them killed at your hands and degrade them humiliate them through capture and subjugation and He will give you victory against them and He will heal the breasts of a people who believe removing the harm done to them — these are the Banū Khuzā‘a.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fighting against the idolators who break the terms of their covenants, those who tried to expel the Messenger from Makkah. Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ ك...

قَٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَا بِٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ ٱلْحَقِّ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا۟ ٱلْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَٰغِرُونَ

Qaatilul lazeena laa yu'minoona billaahi wa laa bil yawmil Aakhiri wa laa yuharrimoona maa harramal laahu wa Rasooluhoo wa laa yadeenoona deenal haqqi minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba hattaa yu'tul jizyata ai yadinw wa hum saaghiroon

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.

جو اہل کتاب میں سے خدا پر ایمان نہیں لاتے اور نہ روز آخرت پر (یقین رکھتے ہیں) اور نہ ان چیزوں کو حرام سمجھتے ہیں جو خدا اور اس کے رسول نے حرام کی ہیں اور نہ دین حق کو قبول کرتے ہیں ان سے جنگ کرو یہاں تک کہ ذلیل ہوکر اپنے ہاتھ سے جزیہ دیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Verse 28 appearing earlier referred to Jihad against the Mushirks of Makkah. The present verses talk about Jihad against the People of the Book. In a sense, this is a prelude to the battle of Tabuk that was fought against the People of the Book. In Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur, it has been r...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Fight those who do not believe in God nor in the Last Day for otherwise they would have believed in the Prophet s and who do not forbid what God and His Messenger have forbidden such as wine nor do they practise the religion of truth the firm one the one that abrogated other religions namely the rel...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Idolators are no longer allowed into Al-Masjid Al-Haram Allah commands His believing servants, who are pure in religion and person, to expel the idolators who are filthy in the religious sense, from Al-Masjid Al-Haram. After the revelation of this Ayah, idolators were no longer allowed to go near th...

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ ٱلشُّهُورِ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِى كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ مِنْهَآ أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا۟ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَقَٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ كَآفَّةً كَمَا يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمْ كَآفَّةً وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ

Inna 'iddatash shuhoori 'indal laahis naa 'ashara shahran fee Kitaabil laahi yawma khalaqas samaawaati wal arda minhaaa arba'atun hurum; zaalikad deenul qaiyim; falaa tazlimoo feehinna anfusakum; wa qaatilul mushrikeena kaaaf fattan kamaa yuqaati loonakum kaaaffah; wa'lamooo annal laaha ma'al muttaqeen

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him].

خدا کے نزدیک مہینے گنتی میں (بارہ ہیں یعنی) اس روز (سے) کہ اس نے آسمانوں اور زمین کو پیدا کیا۔ کتاب خدا میں (برس کے) بارہ مہینے (لکھے ہوئے) ہیں۔ ان میں سے چار مہینے ادب کے ہیں۔ یہی دین (کا) سیدھا راستہ ہے۔ تو ان (مہینوں) میں (قتال ناحق سے) اپنے آپ پر ظلم نہ کرنا۔ اور تم سب کے سب مشرکوں سے لڑو جیسے وہ سب کے سب تم سے لڑتے ہیں۔ اور جان رکھو کہ خدا پرہیز گاروں کے ساتھ ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Mentioned in the previous verses were the errors and misdeeds of disbelievers and Mushriks who persisted with their disbelief and kept associating others in the pristine divinity of Allah. In the present two verses, mentioned there is another bad custom prevailing in Arabia since its age ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Verily the number of months used to reckon the year with God is twelve months in the Book of God the Preserved Tablet al-lawh al-mahfūz from the day that He created the heavens and the earth; four of them that is the months are sacred inviolable Dhū’l-Qa‘da Dhū’l-Hijja Muharram and Rajab. That makin...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Year consists of Twelve Months Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Bakrah said that the Prophet said in a speech during his Hajj, «أَلَا إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَو...

وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا۟ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُم بِهِۦ وَلَئِن صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِّلصَّٰبِرِينَ

Wa in 'aaqabtum fa'aaqiboo bimisli maa 'ooqibtum bihee wa la'in sabartum lahuwa khairul lissaabireen

And if you punish [an enemy, O believers], punish with an equivalent of that with which you were harmed. But if you are patient - it is better for those who are patient.

اور اگر تم ان کو تکلیف دینی چاہو تو اتنی ہی دو جتنی تکلیف تم کو ان سے پہنچی۔ اور اگر صبر کرو تو وہ صبر کرنے والوں کے لیے بہت اچھا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Causing Pain to a Man of Da'wah: Revenge is Permissible, but Patience is Better. The next three verses (126, 127, 128) carry another important instruction for those who present the message of Truth before people. It tells them about what they have to do in unusual conditions. There are occasions whe...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: After Hamza b. ‘Abd al-Muttalib had been killed and mutilated and the Prophet s had seen him and said ‘Verily I will mutilate 70 of them for you’ the following was revealed And if you retaliate retaliate with the like of what you have been made to suffer; and yet if you endure patiently refraining f...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command for Equality in Punishment Allah commands justice in punishment and equity in settling the cases of rights. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that, concerning the Ayah, فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ (then punish them with the like of that with which you were afflicted.) Ibn Sirin said,...

فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَضَرْبَ ٱلرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا۟ ٱلْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّۢا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ ٱلْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَٱنتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَا۟ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ وَٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَٰلَهُمْ

Fa-izaa laqeetumul lazeena kafaroo fadarbar riqaab, hattaaa izaa askhan tumoohum fashuddul wasaaq, fa immaa mannnam ba'du wa immaa fidaaa'an hattaa tada'al harbu awzaarahaa; zaalika wa law yashaaa'ul laahu lantasara minhum wa laakil laiyabluwa ba'dakum biba'd; wallazeena qutiloo fee sabeelil laahi falany yudilla a'maalahum

So when you meet those who disbelieve [in battle], strike [their] necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them] until the war lays down its burdens. That [is the command]. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken vengeance upon them [Himself], but [He ordered armed struggle] to test some of you by means of others. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah - never will He waste their deeds.

جب تم کافروں سے بھڑ جاؤ تو ان کی گردنیں اُڑا دو۔ یہاں تک کہ جب ان کو خوب قتل کرچکو تو (جو زندہ پکڑے جائیں ان کو) مضبوطی سے قید کرلو۔ پھر اس کے بعد یا تو احسان رکھ کر چھوڑ دینا چاہیئے یا کچھ مال لے کر یہاں تک کہ (فریق مقابل) لڑائی (کے) ہتھیار (ہاتھ سے) رکھ دے۔ (یہ حکم یاد رکھو) اور اگر خدا چاہتا تو (اور طرح) ان سے انتقام لے لیتا۔ لیکن اس نے چاہا کہ تمہاری آزمائش ایک (کو) دوسرے سے (لڑوا کر) کرے۔ اور جو لوگ خدا کی راہ میں مارے گئے ان کے عملوں کو ہرگز ضائع نہ کرے گا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary This verse lays down two points of law: first, it lays down that when war breaks the might and power of the enemy, and does away with their pomp and glory, they should be arrested rather than being killed. The Muslims are then given two options regarding the prisoners of war - either conf...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: So when you encounter in battle those who disbelieve then attack them with a striking of the necks fa-darba’l-riqābi is a verbal noun in place of the full verbal construction that is to say fa’dribū riqābahum ‘then strike their necks’ in other words slay them — reference is made to the ‘striking of ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command to strike the Enemies' Necks, tighten Their Bonds, and then free Them either by an Act of Grace or for a Ransom Guiding the believers to what they should employ in their fights against the idolators, Allah says, فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ (So, when you meet...

وَلَوْ قَٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوَلَّوُا۟ ٱلْأَدْبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا

Wa law qaatalakumul lazeena kafaroo la wallawul adbaara summa laa yajidoona waliyanw-wa laa naseeraa

And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper.

اور اگر تم سے کافر لڑتے تو پیٹھ پھیر کر بھاگ جاتے پھر کسی کو دوست نہ پاتے اور نہ مددگار

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّـهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَ‌ةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـٰ وَأُخْرَ‌ىٰ لَمْ تَقْدِرُ‌وا عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّـهُ بِهَا (And (there are) other (victories) that have not come within your power as yet, (but) Allah has encompassed them...." (48:21). This verse embodies a prophe...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And if those who disbelieve had fought you at al-Hudaybiyya they would have turned their backs to flee — then they would not have found any protector to guard them or helper.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Good News of abundant Spoils of War Mujahid said that Allah's statement, وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا (Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture,) refers to the spoils that Muslims earned up until this time, while, فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ (and He has hast...

مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ

Maa qata'tum mil leenatin aw taraktumoohaa qaaa'imatan'alaaa usoolihaa fabi iznil laahi wa liyukhziyal faasiqeen

Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.

(مومنو) کھجور کے جو درخت تم نے کاٹ ڈالے یا ان کو اپنی جڑوں پر کھڑا رہنے دیا سو خدا کے حکم سے تھا اور مقصود یہ تھا کہ وہ نافرمانوں کو رسوا کرے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَ‌كْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَىٰ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّـهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (Whatever palm-trees you have cut down, or have left them standing on their roots, it was with Allah's permission, and so that He might disgrace the transgressors....59:5). The...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Whatever palm-trees you cut down O Muslims or left standing on their roots it was by God’s leave He gave you the choice in this matter and in order that by giving you leave to cut them down He might disgrace those who are immoral the Jews in return for their objection that the cutting down of produc...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of n...

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