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Byzantine Defeat and Future Victory

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Byzantine Defeat and Future Victory

هزيمة الروم وانتصارهم

The prophecy concerning the Byzantine Empire's initial defeat and subsequent victory is a profound sign within Islamic tradition, vividly captured in Surah Ar-Rum. At a time when the Byzantine Empire was suffering a severe loss to the Persians, seemingly facing collapse, Allah revealed a future event that seemed utterly improbable to many. The Quran declared, "[The Byzantines have been defeated] [In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome]." This was no ordinary prediction; it even specified a timeframe: "[Within three to nine years]." This powerful prophecy offered immense solace and strengthened the faith of the early Muslim community in Mecca, who were themselves facing extreme adversity. Its accurate fulfillment, with the Byzantines miraculously regrouping and defeating the Persians within the specified timeframe, stood as an undeniable testament to the divine origin of the Quran and Allah's knowledge of the unseen. For believers, this event affirmed that "[To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice]," often coinciding with their own early triumphs, such as the Battle of Badr.

Quran 3 verses

غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ

Ghulibatir Room

The Byzantines have been defeated

(اہلِ) روم مغلوب ہوگئے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Backdrop of revelation of the Surah - the story of war between Rum and Persia In the last verse of Surah ` Ankabut' Allah Ta’ ala had given the good tiding to those who would strive and struggle in His way. It was promised that for such people, He would open the doors toward Him, and that...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: The Byzantines — who are among the People of the Scripture — have been vanquished; the Persians vanquished them and they are not people of a scripture but worship graven images. The Meccan disbelievers rejoiced in this defeat of the Byzantines and said to the Muslims ‘We shall vanquish you as the Pe...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Foretelling the Victory of the Romans These Ayat were revealed about the victory of Sabur, the king of Persia, over Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), the adjoining partisan states ...

فِىٓ أَدْنَى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ

Feee adnal ardi wa hummim ba'di ghalabihim sa ya ghliboon

In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome.

نزدیک کے ملک میں اور وہ مغلوب ہونے کے بعد عنقریب غالب آجائیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary Backdrop of revelation of the Surah - the story of war between Rum and Persia In the last verse of Surah ` Ankabut' Allah Ta’ ala had given the good tiding to those who would strive and struggle in His way. It was promised that for such people, He would open the doors toward Him, and that...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: in the nearer part of the land that is in the Byzantine land that lies nearest to Persia in Mesopotamia al-Jazīra. There the two armies met and the Persians were the ones who had begun the invasion. But they that is the Byzantines after their vanquishing ghalabihim the verbal noun ghalab has been an...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Foretelling the Victory of the Romans These Ayat were revealed about the victory of Sabur, the king of Persia, over Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), the adjoining partisan states ...

فِى بِضْعِ سِنِينَ لِلَّهِ ٱلْأَمْرُ مِن قَبْلُ وَمِنۢ بَعْدُ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ

Fee bid'i sineen; lillaahil amru min qablu wa mim ba'd; wa yawma'iziny yafrahul mu'minoon

Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice

چند ہی سال میں پہلے بھی اور پیچھے بھی خدا ہی کا حکم ہے اور اُس روز مومن خوش ہوجائیں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَ‌حُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِنَصْرِ‌ اللَّـهِ (And on that day the believers will rejoice with Allah's help - 30:4). The wording of the text apparently implies that "Allah's help" in this verse refers to His help for the people of Rum. Although they too were disbelievers, yet compared to ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: in a few years bid‘ usually means between three and nine or ten years. So the two armies met again seven years after this former encounter and the Byzantines defeated the Persians. To God belongs the command before and after that is before the defeat of the Byzantines and thereafter that is to say t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Foretelling the Victory of the Romans These Ayat were revealed about the victory of Sabur, the king of Persia, over Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), the adjoining partisan states ...

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