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Justice and Balance

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Justice and Balance

الْعَدْلُ وَالْمِيزَان

Justice (Al-Adl) and Balance (Al-Mizan) are fundamental pillars in the Islamic worldview, reflecting Allah's perfect attributes and the order He established throughout creation. From the vast cosmos to the intricate workings of life, everything is held in a precise equilibrium. Allah Himself declares that [He raised the heaven and imposed the balance], underscoring that this cosmic order serves a divine purpose: [that you not transgress within the balance]. This divine principle extends to human conduct, serving as a guiding light for individuals and societies. The Quran, sent by Allah, is inherently linked to this concept, as [it is Allah who has sent down the Book in truth and also the balance]. Muslims are thus enjoined to embody justice and uphold equilibrium in all their dealings, whether in commerce – by [giving full measure when you measure, and weighing with an even balance] – or in social interactions and legal matters. Transgressing these divinely set limits is seen as an act of wrongdoing, highlighting the profound importance of fairness, equity, and maintaining equilibrium to foster a harmonious and righteous life on Earth.

Quran 6 verses

ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌۢ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌۢ بِإِحْسَٰنٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَن تَأْخُذُوا۟ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفْتَدَتْ بِهِۦ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ

Attalaaqu marrataani fa imsaakum bima'roofin aw tasreehum bi ihsaan; wa laa yahillu lakum an taakhuzoo mimmaaa aataitumoohunna shai'an illaaa ai yakhaafaaa alla yuqeemaa hudoodallahi fa in khiftum allaa yuqeemaa budoodal laahi falaa junaaha 'Alaihimaa feemaf tadat bihee tilka hudoodul laahi falaa ta'tadoohaa; wa mai yata'adda hudoodal laahi fa ulaaa'ika humuzzaa limoon

Divorce is twice. Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allah. But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allah, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allah, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah - it is those who are the wrongdoers.

طلاق (صرف) دوبار ہے (یعنی جب دو دفعہ طلاق دے دی جائے تو) پھر (عورتوں کو) یا تو بطریق شائستہ (نکاح میں) رہنے دینا یا بھلائی کے ساتھ چھوڑ دینا۔ اور یہ جائز نہیں کہ جو مہر تم ان کو دے چکے ہو اس میں سے کچھ واپس لے لو۔ ہاں اگر زن و شوہر کو خوف ہو کہ وہ خدا کی حدوں کو قائم نہیں رکھ سکیں گے تو اگر عورت (خاوند کے ہاتھ سے) رہائی پانے کے بدلے میں کچھ دے ڈالے تو دونوں پر کچھ گناہ نہیں۔ یہ خدا کی (مقرر کی ہوئی) حدیں ہیں ان سے باہر نہ نکلنا۔ اور جو لوگ خدا کی حدوں سے باہر نکل جائیں گے وہ گنہگار ہوں گے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary The injunctions governing talaq طلاق (divorce) and nikah نکاح (marriage) appear in several verses throughout the Qur'an but the verses mentioned here consist of cardinal rules of procedure in cases of divorce. To understand these, it is necessary to know the status of Nikah نکاح in the Sh...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: Divorce that is repudiation of the type that may be revoked is twice; then honourable retention that is to say you are then obliged to revert to them to retain them without harming them; or setting them free kindly. It is not lawful for you O male spouses to take of what you have given them of dowry...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Divorce is Thrice This honorable Ayah abrogated the previous practice in the beginning of Islam, when the man had the right to take back his divorced wife even if he had divorced her a hundred times, as long as she was still in her `Iddah (waiting period). This situation was harmful for the wife, an...

وَأَوْفُوا۟ ٱلْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُوا۟ بِٱلْقِسْطَاسِ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمِ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا

Wa awful kaila izaa kiltum wa zinoo bilqistaasil mustaqeem; zaalika khairunw wa ahsanu taaweelaa

And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with an even balance. That is the best [way] and best in result.

اور جب (کوئی چیز) ناپ کر دینے لگو تو پیمانہ پورا بھرا کرو اور (جب تول کر دو تو) ترازو سیدھی رکھ کر تولا کرو۔ یہ بہت اچھی بات اور انجام کے لحاظ سے بھی بہت بہتر ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The prohibition of giving weights and measures short: Ruling Regarding the verse: أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ (And give full measure when you measure - 35), Abu Hayyan says in Tafsir al-Bahr al-Muhit that the responsibility of giving full weight and measure in this verse has been placed on the...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And give full measure complete it when you measure and weigh with a right balance with an even balance that is better and fairer in return.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Command to handle the Orphan's Wealth properly and to be Honest in Weights and Measures وَلاَ تَقْرَبُواْ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاَّ بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ (And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength.) meanin...

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٌ

Allahul lazeee anzalal Kitaaba bilhaqqi wal Meezaan; wa ma yudreeka la'allas Saa'ata qareeb

It is Allah who has sent down the Book in truth and [also] the balance. And what will make you perceive? Perhaps the Hour is near.

خدا ہی تو ہے جس نے سچائی کے ساتھ کتاب نازل فرمائی اور (عدل وانصاف کی) ترازو۔ اور تم کو کیا معلوم شاید قیامت قریب ہی آ پہنچی ہو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This fact is stated in the next sentence, أَنزَلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَالْمِيزَانَ "has sent down the Book with truth and the Balance as well - 17." Here ` the Book' means the Qur'an, and all the previous revealed Books, and ` truth' means the divine religion mentioned above, and ` the Balance' l...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: God it is Who has revealed the Book the Qur’ān with the truth bi’l-haqqi is semantically connected to anzala ‘revealed’ as well as the Balance Justice. And what do you know — perhaps the Hour that is its arrival is near! la‘alla ‘perhaps’ comments on the verb describing the action with what follows ...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): A Warning to Those Who dispute concerning Matters of Religion Here Allah warns those who try to hinder those who believe in Allah, from following His path. وَالَّذِينَ يُحَآجُّونَ فِى اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا اسَتُجِيبَ لَهُ (And those who dispute concerning Allah, after it has been accepted,) means, ...

وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ

Wassamaaa'a rafa'ahaa wa wada'al Meezan

And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance

اور اسی نے آسمان کو بلند کیا اور ترازو قائم کی

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: وَالسَّمَاءَ رَ‌فَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ (And He raised the sky high, and has placed the scale....55:7) The verbs rafa'a and wada` a are antonyms: rafa'a means 'to raise up' and wada'a means 'to put down'. The verse first describes that Allah has raised the heavens. This could have its obvious o...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And He has raised the heaven and set up the balance He has established justice
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah Imam Ahmad recorded that Zirr said that a man said to Ibn Mas`ud: "How is this recited: "Ma'in Ghayri Yasin or Asin" He asked him, "Are you that proficient in reciting the whole Qur'an" He replied, "I recite the Mufassal section in one Rak`ah." So he said, "Woe to you! D...

أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْمِيزَانِ

Allaa tatghaw fil meezaan

That you not transgress within the balance.

کہ ترازو (سے تولنے) میں حد سے تجاوز نہ کرو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ (so that you should not be wrongful in weighing....55:8). The earlier verse stated the creation of the scale, and this verse states the reason for its creation. The imperfect verb تَطْغَوْا tatghaw is derived from طُغیَان tughyan which stands for 'injustice'. Thus ve...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: declaring that you should not contravene that is to say so that you may not do wrong with regard to the balance that instrument with which one weighs.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Makkah Imam Ahmad recorded that Zirr said that a man said to Ibn Mas`ud: "How is this recited: "Ma'in Ghayri Yasin or Asin" He asked him, "Are you that proficient in reciting the whole Qur'an" He replied, "I recite the Mufassal section in one Rak`ah." So he said, "Woe to you! D...

وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ

Wa izaa kaaloohum aw wazanoohum yukhsiroon

But if they give by measure or by weight to them, they cause loss.

اور جب ان کو ناپ کر یا تول کر دیں تو کم کر دیں

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Commentary According to Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn Masud ؓ ، Surah Tatfif was revealed in Makkah. Therefore, most of the copies of the Qur'an refer to it as the Makki Surah. According to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، Qatadah, Muqatil and Dahhak رحمۃ اللہ علیہم ، it is a Madani Surah, but only about eight ve...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: but who when they measure for them or weigh for them they cause them loss they diminish for them the measure or the weight.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Which was revealed in Al-Madinah بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Increasing and decreasing in the Measure and Weight will be a Cause for Regret and Loss An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah both recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "When the Pr...

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