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Ritual Impurity (Janabah)

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Ritual Impurity (Janabah)

جَنَابَة

*Janāba* (جَنَابَة) is a significant concept in Islamic tradition, referring to a state of major ritual impurity that arises from certain bodily acts, primarily sexual activity or seminal discharge. It's not a moral judgment but rather a spiritual state requiring purification to engage in specific acts of worship. When a Muslim is in a state of *janāba*, they are temporarily unable to perform prayers, touch the Quran, or circumambulate the Kaaba until ritual purity is restored. The Quran clearly outlines this requirement for purification. Believers are instructed, [O you who have believed, do not approach prayer... in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]]. To exit this state, a full ritual bath, known as *ghusl*, is necessary, involving washing the entire body according to prophetic tradition. However, Islam offers ease and mercy; if water is unavailable or its use harmful, [then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]], a process known as *tayammum*. This guidance underscores Allah's intention [to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful], ensuring accessibility to worship while maintaining a profound connection to ritual cleanliness and spiritual readiness.

Quran 2 verses

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَقْرَبُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأَنتُمْ سُكَٰرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا۟ مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِى سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا۟ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَآءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلْغَآئِطِ أَوْ لَٰمَسْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا۟ مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا۟ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَٱمْسَحُوا۟ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا

yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa taqrabus Salaata wa antum sukaaraa hatta ta'lamoo ma taqooloona wa la junuban illaa 'aabiree sabeelin hatta taghtasiloo; wa in kuntum mardaaa aw 'alaa safarin aw jaaa'a ahadum minkum minal ghaaa'iti aw laamastumun nisaaa'a falam tajidoo maaa'an fatayam mamoo sa'eedan taiyiban famsahoo biwujoohikum wa aideekum; innal laaha kaana 'Afuwwan Ghafooraa

O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.

مومنو! جب تم نشے کی حالت میں ہو تو جب تک (ان الفاظ کو) جو منہ سے کہو سمجھنے (نہ) لگو نماز کے پاس نہ جاؤ اور جنابت کی حالت میں بھی (نماز کے پاس نہ جاؤ) جب تک کہ غسل (نہ) کرلو ہاں اگر بحالت سفر رستے چلے جارہے ہو اور پانی نہ ملنے کے سبب غسل نہ کرسکو تو تیمم کرکے نماز پڑھ لو) اور اگر تم بیمار ہو سفر میں ہو یا تم میں سے کوئی بیت الخلاء سے ہو کر آیا ہو یا تم عورتوں سے ہم بستر ہوئے ہو اور تمہیں پانی نہ ملے تو پاک مٹی لو اور منہ اور ہاتھوں پر مسح (کرکے تیمم) کرلو بےشک خدا معاف کرنے والا اور بخشنے والا ہے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The Background of this Revelation This is about an incident relating to Sayyidna Ali رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنہ which has been mentioned in Tirmidhi. It was before liquor was forbidden that Sayyidna ` Abdul-Rahman ibn ` Awf ؓ had invited some Companions for dinner at this home. As customary, liquor was ser...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who believe draw not near to prayer that is do not perform prayer whilst you are inebriated by a drink this was revealed concerning being drunk during the congregational prayer; until you know what you are saying when you have sobered up; nor whilst you are defiled as a result of sexual penetr...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Prohibition of Approaching Prayer When Drunk or Junub Allah forbade His believing servants from praying while drunk, for one does not know the meaning of what he is saying in that state, and He forbade them from attending the Masjids while sexually impure, except when one is just passing through...

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَٱغْسِلُوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْمَرَافِقِ وَٱمْسَحُوا۟ بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكَعْبَيْنِ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُبًا فَٱطَّهَّرُوا۟ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَآءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلْغَآئِطِ أَوْ لَٰمَسْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا۟ مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا۟ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَٱمْسَحُوا۟ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo izaa qumtum ilas Salaati faghsiloo wujoohakum wa Aidiyakum ilal maraafiqi wamsahoo biru'oosikum wa arjulakum ilal ka'bayn; wa in kuntum junuban fattahharoo; wain kuntum mardaaa aw'alaa safarin aw jaaa'a ahadum minkum minal ghaaa'iti aw laamastumunnisaaa'a falam tajidoo maaa'an fatayammamoo sa'eedan taiyiban famsahoo biwujoohikum wa aideekum minh; ma yureedul laahu liyaj'ala 'alaikum min harajinw wa laakidy yureedu liyutahhirakum wa liyutimma m'matahoo 'alaikum la'allakum tashkuroon

O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful.

مومنو! جب تم نماز پڑھنے کا قصد کیا کرو تم منہ اور کہنیوں تک ہاتھ دھو لیا کرو اور سر کا مسح کر لیا کرو اور ٹخنوں تک پاؤں (دھو لیا کرو) اور اگر نہانے کی حاجت ہو تو (نہا کر) پاک ہو جایا کرو اور اگر بیمار ہو یا سفر میں ہو یا کوئی تم میں سے بیت الخلا سے ہو کر آیا ہو یا تم عورتوں سے ہم بستر ہوئے ہو اور تمہیں پانی نہ مل سکے تو پاک مٹی لو اور اس سے منہ اور ہاتھوں کا مسح (یعنی تیمم) کر لو۔ خدا تم پر کسی طرح کی تنگی نہیں کرنا چاہتا بلکہ یہ چاہتا ہے کہ تمہیں پاک کرے اور اپنی نعمتیں تم پر پوری کرے تاکہ تم شکر کرو

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some injunctions of the Shariah concerning the conduct of worldly life, choices in marriage and food appeared in the previous verses. This verse mentions some injunctions relating to ` Ibadat, acts of worship like Salah, Wudu, Mash مسح ، Tayammum, Ghusl and Taharah
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: O you who believe when you stand up that is when you intend to go to pray and you are in a state of ritual impurity wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows that is including them the elbows as is clarified in the Sunna; and wipe your heads the bā’ in bi-ru’ūsikum is for ‘adherence’ that is t...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Order to Perform Wudu Allah said, إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلوةِ (When you stand for (intend to offer) the Salah,) Allah commanded performing Wudu' for the prayer. This is a command of obligation in the case of impurity, and in the case of purity, it is merely a recommendation. It was said that ...

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