Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for a nail (of gold for adornment), it has been narrated: 'Whoever adorns himself with a khuraysisah (a small piece of gold), he will be branded with it on the Day of Resurrection.'
Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade men from wearing gold rings.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (saffron) is forbidden for men even outside of Ihram, so it is even more so within it.
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to use the tooth-stick (siwak).
Forbidden (Haram)As for the pubic hair, the apparent meaning of Al-Khiraqi's words is that it should not be removed, as he did not mention it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The correct view is that one achieves the benefit (of siwak) to the extent of cleanliness achieved, and one should not abandon a small part of the Sunnah due to inability to perform its greater part.
+ 103 more rulings
Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)She has the right to fast without her husband's permission.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman to undertake the marriage contract herself, and thus it is not permissible for her to act as an agent in it, like a woman.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in dividing time among wives.
+ 104 more rulings
Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is possible that the condition of having someone else handle the announcement (bidding) when a guardian buys from an orphan's property is obligatory, and it is possible that it is recommended, but the former (obligatory) is more similar to the apparent meaning of his words.
Forbidden (Haram)Then he (the guardian) does not have the right to take it (the pre-emption right), because he does not have the authority to do what is not beneficial for the minor.
Permissible (Mubah)That a father takes possession on behalf of his minor children.
+ 60 more rulings
Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)He (the heir who made the admission) is obligated to give the excess that is in his hand to the one he admitted to.
Required (Wajib)However, he (the admitted heir) shares in the inheritance with the one who made the admission, according to the opinion of most scholars.
A slave does not inherit, nor does he possess wealth from which he can be inherited.
+ 50 more rulings
Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one dedicates an endowment specifically to his children who are engaged in seeking knowledge, to encourage them in their pursuit of knowledge, or to the religious ones over the immoral, or to the sick, or to those with merit due to their virtue, then there is no harm in it.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone singles out some of their children for a gift due to a reason necessitating such a specialization, such as one's need, infirmity, blindness, large family, engagement in knowledge, or similar virtues, or if one withholds a gift from some of their children due to their immorality, innovation, or because they use what they receive to disobey Allah or spend it on sin, then it has been narrated from Ahmad what indicates the permissibility of that.
Discouraged (Makruh)And there is no disagreement regarding the dislike (makruh) of this (preferential gifting among children without justification).
+ 40 more rulings
Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)Required (Wajib)The confessed person must be someone whose statement is not taken into account, like a minor or an insane person; or they must affirm the confessor's statement if they are of sound mind and responsible (mukallaf). If they are not mukallaf, their affirmation is not considered.
Required (Wajib)The truthfulness of the confessor must be possible, meaning it is plausible for the confessed person to have been born to someone like him.
Required (Wajib)There should be no one contesting the lineage.
+ 32 more rulings
Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And in his (the husband's) right, it is a valid khula.
Forbidden (Haram)that divorce is forbidden (during menstruation).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for him to have sexual intercourse with his revocably divorced wife if one of them dies during her waiting period.
+ 20 more rulings
Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And no mahr (dowry) is due from him.
Permissible (Mubah)And he is not obliged to pay her value.
Required (Wajib)And his lineage is affirmed with him.
+ 20 more rulings
Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)According to me, she remains in the husband's possession, due to their agreement on her permissibility for him and his right to keep her, while they only differed on the reason.
Required (Wajib)If she dies and leaves behind wealth, then the seller is entitled to the amount of her price; because if he is truthful, he deserves her price from the buyer, and her estate belongs to the buyer, and the buyer admits her to the seller, so he takes from it the amount he claims.
This female slave (the pledged one) does not become an Umm Walad (mother of his child) for the mortgagee under any circumstances, whether he owned her after the birth or before it, and regardless of whether we rule the child to be a slave or free, because he impregnated her while she was not his property.
+ 17 more rulings
Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The heir is obligated to provide maintenance for the one from whom they inherit.
Required (Wajib)Maintenance for his wife is obligatory upon him and becomes a debt on him.
Required (Wajib)and the obligation of his relative's maintenance is upon him.
+ 15 more rulings
Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel a day's journey except with a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)[Imam Ahmad said that a boy is] not a mahram until he reaches puberty.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory that mahram status not be established for a disbeliever over a Muslim woman.
+ 8 more rulings
Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire her (the wet-nurse) for her food and clothing.
Permissible (Mubah)It is only permissible for wet-nursing.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in matters of fosterage.
+ 7 more rulings
Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And (it is commanded to) separate them (children) in beds upon reaching it (age ten).
As for age, puberty for boys and girls is at fifteen years.
Forbidden (Haram)[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz] wrote to his governors: 'Do not impose [obligations] except upon one who has reached fifteen years of age.'
+ 6 more rulings
Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)So their share must be separated and distributed among them.
Required (Wajib)A will is binding on the heir.
Forbidden (Haram)If he bequeathed it to an unspecified entity, such as the poor, it is not permissible for the executor to permit management [of the partnership share].
+ 4 more rulings
Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Required (Wajib)Malik said: Making up the fast is obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)And he is permitted to eat until he is certain of the appearance of dawn.
If one eats while doubting the appearance of dawn, and the matter is not clarified, then there is no make-up fast upon him.
+ 275 more rulings
Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)And i'tikaf is not invalidated by any of that (i.e., argumentation, disputation, insults, obscenity, or excessive speech).
And there is no i'tikaf except in a congregational mosque.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for her (a woman) to perform i'tikaf in her house.
+ 218 more rulings
Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for kohl (eyeliner), if its taste is found in the throat or if its reaching the throat is known, it breaks the fast; otherwise, it does not break the fast.
Permissible (Mubah)If one thinks (sexual thoughts) and ejaculates, their fast is not invalidated.
Permissible (Mubah)However, if a thought of the act crosses one's heart and he ejaculates, his fast is not invalidated.
+ 123 more rulings
Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity in fasting (for expiation) is not obligatory.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to fast for part of the compensation and feed for another part.
Required (Wajib)And food, like the sacrificial animal (hady), is specific to the poor of the Haram in matters where the hady is specific to it.
+ 109 more rulings
Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)We preferred for him (the pilgrim) to break his fast on that day, so he could gain strength for supplication.
Forbidden (Haram)One opinion is that it is not permissible to fast them for an obligation, because their fasting is forbidden, thus resembling the two Eid days.
Discouraged (Makruh)By analogy to this, (it is disliked to single out for fasting) every festival of the disbelievers, or a day they single out for veneration.
+ 6 more rulings
Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then fast on behalf of your mother.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And make-up fasts should be performed at other times (not during the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to make up fasts during it (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
+ 5 more rulings
Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad and Ishaq considered it recommended (mustahabb) to avoid using the siwak in the afternoon (for a fasting person).
Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: There is no harm in using siwak for a fasting person.
Permissible (Mubah)The people of knowledge saw no harm in using a dry siwak stick at the beginning of the day (while fasting).
+ 4 more rulings
Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one specifies the intention for the fast of Ramadan, or its make-up, or an expiation, or a vow, they do not need to intend it to be obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is sufficient according to the other narration.
+ 4 more rulings
General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to face the Qibla when slaughtering the animal.
Required (Wajib)Our companions said: For a large hunted animal, its compensation is its like from livestock; for a small animal, a small one; for a male, a male; for a female, a female; for a sound animal, a sound one; and for a defective animal, a defective one.
Forbidden (Haram)If game is slaughtered (by a Muhrim), it is considered carrion, and thus it is equal to carrion in prohibition.
+ 69 more rulings
Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'Trade in alcohol has been forbidden.'
Permissible (Mubah)Based on this, if one enters a land where there are Magi and People of the Book, it is permissible for him to eat their cheese and meat, in reliance on the action of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions.
Permissible (Mubah)If one cannot predominantly determine the purity of either water, he may drink from one of them.
+ 47 more rulings
Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The acquisition of gold and silver vessels is forbidden for both women and men, as is their use.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
+ 1 more ruling
Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Required (Wajib)In the apparent view of the madhhab, there is no difference between one who acts intentionally and one who acts unintentionally, nor between one who has an excuse and one who does not, regarding the fidyah.
Required (Wajib)The fidyah is one of the three mentioned in the verse and the Hadith; whichever one wishes to perform is sufficient, because it was commanded with a choice.
Required (Wajib)It is narrated from Ahmad that if one shaves without an excuse, he must offer a sacrifice (blood) without the option of choice.
+ 799 more rulings
General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for entering Umrah upon Hajj, it is not permissible; if one does so, it is not valid, and he does not become a `Qarin` (combiner of Hajj and Umrah).
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever has sexual intercourse before stoning Jamrat al-Aqabah, their Hajj for both of them is invalidated.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to make up (the Hajj) in the following year, whether the missed Hajj was obligatory or voluntary.
+ 705 more rulings
Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Whoever is obligated to offer seven sheep as a penalty for hunting, a camel or cow does not suffice for him, apparently.
Permissible (Mubah)And if that (obligation of seven sheep) is for the expiation of a prohibited act, then a camel or cow suffices for him.
Discouraged (Makruh)As for sheep and goats, it is not sunnah to mark them.
+ 292 more rulings
Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)It is narrated from Ahmad that Sa'y is a Sunnah, and no compensatory sacrifice (dam) is required for leaving it.
Permissible (Mubah)And from him (Ahmad, in another narration), regarding someone who performs Tawaf al-Ziyarah while forgetting purity: nothing is required of them.
Required (Wajib)And similarly applies to purity from impurity and covering the awrah (in the case of not being a condition, necessitating repetition or compensation).
+ 216 more rulings
Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the deceased, it is permissible to perform Hajj or Umrah on their behalf without their permission, whether it was an obligatory or voluntary act.
Permissible (Mubah)And if the deceased said: 'Perform Hajj for me with a thousand dirhams,' and it was given to a man, he is allowed to spend generously from it, and whatever remains belongs to him.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to perform Hajj or Umrah on behalf of a living person except with their permission, whether it is an obligatory or voluntary act.
+ 40 more rulings
Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The people of opinion said: For one who matted or braided their hair, they have a choice in every situation (between shaving and trimming).
Recommended (Sunnah)It is Sunnah to start with the right side of the head, then the left, when shaving or trimming the hair (for exiting ihram).
Permissible (Mubah)If one does not start with the right side of the head (when shaving or trimming), it is still sufficient.
+ 7 more rulings
inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to someone who is not an heir, and that person then becomes an heir, his acknowledgment to him is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to her, then divorces her, then remarries her, and dies during his illness, his acknowledgment to her is not accepted.
Permissible (Mubah)Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said it is accepted because she reached a state where he is not accused (of favoritism).
+ 4 more rulings
Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The soundest of the two views is that he is not obligated to pay its rent from the time he paid its substitute until its return, because he deserved to benefit from its substitute, which took its place, so he does not deserve to benefit from both it and what took its place.
Required (Wajib)If someone usurps a garment or a rug, and some of its parts are lost, such as the fluff of a towel or the nap of a cloth, then the usurper must pay compensation for its diminished value.
Required (Wajib)And whenever she is returned pregnant and dies from childbirth, then she is liable upon the one who had intercourse.
+ 234 more rulings
Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)It is not valid to exclude the entirety of something without scholarly dispute.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone says, "So-and-so has half in this money," or "So-and-so has half of this house," it is a valid acknowledgment.
If someone acknowledges something that involves a claim against another person, it is accepted concerning what is against him, but not concerning what is for him.
+ 77 more rulings
Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a person under interdiction admits to something that necessitates a *hadd* punishment, or *qisas*, or divorces his wife, that is binding upon him.
Required (Wajib)The judge chose that he (the interdicted person) is liable if he damages it (a deposit or loan) or it is lost due to his negligence.
Required (Wajib)And it (the interdiction) does not cease except by the ruling of a judge.
+ 50 more rulings
Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)If two people dispute over a dam (or boundary wall) between one's river and the other's land, they must both take an oath, and it is considered between them (as shared property).
Required (Wajib)He is compelled to remove that (which causes harm, such as a wall feared to collapse).
If the owner of the upper floor and the owner of the lower floor dispute over the walls of the lower house, then they belong to the owner of the lower floor.
+ 40 more rulings
Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to appoint an agent for the establishment of punishments (hudud).
Permissible (Mubah)In the matter of accepting reports (as opposed to formal testimony), a woman is considered like a man, and a slave is like a free person.
Forbidden (Haram)The apparent meaning of Al-Khiraqi's statement is that the settlement is not valid.
+ 18 more rulings
Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a mortgaged slave commits a crime, the victim has a greater right to his person than the mortgagee until his right is fulfilled.
Required (Wajib)And their ransom is upon him.
Required (Wajib)And he ransoms them with their value on the day of birth.
+ 17 more rulings
Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he pardons for compensation, his pardon is valid, and the lesser of the two values is obligatory (as compensation).
Required (Wajib)If a stranger strikes her abdomen and she miscarries a stillborn fetus, then upon the assailant is a `ghurrah`—a male or female slave for the owner, amounting to the lesser of the fetus's blood money (`arsh`) or its value on the day it was miscarried.
Required (Wajib)And if the one who had intercourse (under misapprehension) strikes her abdomen and she miscarries the fetus stillborn, then upon him is the `ghurrah` also.
+ 16 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And disbelief makes killing permissible.
Required (Wajib)And he is obligated to make up what he missed during his Islam before his apostasy (according to the preferred opinion).
Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
+ 4 more rulings
War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, agreed to fight those who withhold it (Zakat).
Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
Required (Wajib)As for the land whose people abandoned it out of fear of the Muslims, it becomes an endowment (waqf) simply by virtue of the Muslims gaining control over it.
+ 4 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)If she (the slave) willingly engaged in intercourse, knowing it was forbidden, then the prescribed punishment (`hadd`) applies to her if she is eligible, as well as sin.
Required (Wajib)If he was aware of the prohibition, then he is liable for the prescribed punishment of unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
Then there is no prescribed punishment (`hadd`) upon him (the usurper if ignorant or mistaken).
+ 2 more rulings
General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Required (Wajib)The judge approves the trustworthy one of the two.
Required (Wajib)He gives precedence to the one who volunteers.
Required (Wajib)He combines one with the other.
+ 839 more rulings
General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)And by analogy with Ramadan, if one vows to fast a specific month, the same rules as mentioned for Ramadan apply to it.
Required (Wajib)And he must expiate by fasting.
Required (Wajib)Emancipation becomes obligatory upon him if he is able to (if the interdiction is lifted before expiation).
+ 41 more rulings
other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the residents of the alley agree to a known compensation for that, it is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever gets to it first and takes it, owns it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to extend gutters into the main road.
+ 78 more rulings
Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)This is an anomaly among the sayings of the people of knowledge, and a contradiction to the Sunnah, so one should not rely on the likes of it (this opinion).
Permissible (Mubah)his prayer by taqlid is valid.
Required (Wajib)It is therefore obligatory to refer to custom in this matter (determining limits), like in matters of separation and possession.
+ 44 more rulings
Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)If the slave denies it, it is not accepted.
Required (Wajib)The apostate is demanded to pronounce the declaration of faith (Shahada).
Forbidden (Haram)The repentance of a Zindiq (heretic/hypocrite) is not accepted.
+ 38 more rulings
Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in marking the grave with a stone or wood.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to prepare food for the family of the deceased and send it to them.
Forbidden (Haram)The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to forbid us from burying our dead during three specific times: when the sun rises until it has fully risen, when the sun is at its zenith until it declines, and when the sun inclines towards setting until it sets.
+ 35 more rulings
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If a sick person acknowledges impregnating his female slave and then dies, and he clarified that he had fathered a child with her while she was his property, then her child is free by origin, and she becomes an Umm Walad (mother of his child), and she is freed from the principal of the estate.
Forbidden (Haram)The emancipation of a slave by an insolvent person does not take effect.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad said: "I do not like him preventing the fulfillment of it (the slave's Hajj vow)."
+ 35 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And the People of Opinion said: What came in the report should be killed, and the wolf by analogy to it.
Permissible (Mubah)The jet-black dog is permissible to kill.
Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, every dog that is permissible to keep, because it is a beneficial object whose acquisition is permitted, its destruction is therefore forbidden, like a sheep.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If we deem something forbidden (to be made), but it is in a state where nothing substantial can be gathered from it, then its continued existence is not forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade mutilation.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Speaking little in matters that are not beneficial is recommended in all circumstances.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is narrated from Ahmad that the waqf (endowment) of ornaments is not valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: It is permissible for the guardian to do that (delegate what he usually performs himself).
Forbidden (Haram)Thus, it is not permissible to nullify the right of the second generation beneficiary concerning the waqf property.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The owner of a higher roof is not permitted to ascend his roof in a way that overlooks his neighbor's roof, unless he builds a screen to cover it.
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
Forbidden (Haram)Otherwise (if they don't leave the usurped land), he should not stay with them.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Even if one gilds his ceiling with gold or silver, it is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)If its monetary value has not gone and it is not consumed, its continuation is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)It is explicitly stated that the ornamentation of the girth, stirrup, and bridle (with gold or silver) is forbidden.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)However, if the owner from whom the property transferred claims that it belongs to him, then his word is accepted, because his hand was upon it due to it being in its location.
Permissible (Mubah)If the first owner is not known, then it is treated like lost property whose owner is unknown.
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to return it (an item like a garment blown into his house) to its owner, because its owner did not permit him to keep it.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one intended a legal stratagem, and meant by the condition of cutting (the fruit) a stratagem to keep it, then the sale is not valid under any circumstance.
Forbidden (Haram)So, everything of this nature that is done by way of a legal stratagem is evil and forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Every stratagem intended only to permit what is forbidden, without any genuine meaning in it, is invalidated.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a person to undertake the distribution of the khums (one-fifth) himself.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for the Imam (leader) to distribute the Khums (one-fifth) among all its rightful recipients and ensure it encompasses all of them, unlike Zakat.
Required (Wajib)That dividing it is obligatory.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And they are to be prevented from displaying what is forbidden for Muslims.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is forbidden to interfere with them (Dhimmis) in what they do not openly display.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for us to interfere with them [dhimmis] in matters they do not display publicly, because we have committed to upholding their practices in our land, so we should not interfere in what we have pledged to leave alone.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the predominant outcome of drinking or using medicines containing poisons is death or madness, then it is not permissible to drink them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If safety is the predominant outcome and benefit is hoped for from a medicine, then it is preferable to permit drinking it to avert something more dangerous, just like other medicines.
Forbidden (Haram)because extracting it (a healed tooth) is no longer permissible.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to your beast of burden or your slave. (Ahmad's instruction regarding the earnings of a cupper).
Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to the beasts of burden. (A command from the Prophet regarding bread made from the water of the wells of those who wronged themselves).
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The measure is the measure of Madinah, and the weight is the weight of Makkah.
Required (Wajib)Wheat and barley are measurable by volume, as explicitly stated in the Prophet's saying: 'Wheat for wheat, measure for measure; barley for barley, measure for measure.'
Forbidden (Haram)So, it is not permissible for [the determination of what is measured by volume or weighed based on Hijaz custom] to change after that.
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Absolute supererogatory prayers are prescribed throughout the entire night and during the day, except for the times when prayer is forbidden.
Recommended (Sunnah)Raising them (hands before knees) when rising to a standing position (from prostration).
Recommended (Sunnah)Separating the knees during prostration.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is appropriate for them to lower their voices so that men do not hear them.
Permissible (Mubah)Then he is permitted to intend shortening the prayer.
Discouraged (Makruh)Women do not perform takbir during the days of Tashreeq except in congregation.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If an action of the same type as the prayer, such as standing in place of sitting or adding a rak'ah, is done intentionally, the prayer becomes invalid.
Discouraged (Makruh)There is no prostration of forgetfulness upon him [for mistakenly reciting loudly where one should be soft, or vice-versa].
Required (Wajib)Al-Qadi said: He is obliged to perform the prostration [of forgetfulness] for sitting for the duration of a rest-sitting in a place other than the tashahhud by mistake.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)If the prayer is obligatory, the Imam should place the man to his right and the boy to his left, as stated in the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Al-Nakha'i said: He should observe what those behind him do.
Required (Wajib)It is probable that he (the successor Imam) should build upon certainty (regarding the number of rak'ahs).
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)He should draw near to the Qibla as much as he can.
Forbidden (Haram)There is no difference in a graveyard between an old one and a new one, or one whose soil has been turned over or not, for the purpose of the prohibition, because the name 'graveyard' applies to it.
Permissible (Mubah)If there is one grave or two graves in a place, prayer is not prohibited there, because it does not fall under the name 'graveyard'.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)One of the two views is permissibility (to combine prayers for an individual, or one whose path to the mosque is sheltered, or one who is already in the mosque).
Required (Wajib)What is legislated according to our Imam (Ahmad), may Allah have mercy on him, is the takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar') after obligatory prayers performed in congregation, according to his well-known opinion.
Discouraged (Makruh)If the Imam performs the taslim and then faces the Qibla, pelt him with stones.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if something that would not break the prayer passes behind the sutrah, it is not disliked.
Permissible (Mubah)If he prayed, then saw impurity on his body or clothes, and does not know whether it was on him during the prayer or not, then his prayer is valid, because the default is its absence during the prayer.
If one eats or drinks in an obligatory or voluntary prayer forgetfully, their prayer is not invalidated.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Indeed, he is not obligated to pray towards four directions.
Discouraged (Makruh)(Aisha said that the Prophet) forbade me (from placing the cloth with images in front of him during prayer). Or she said: He disliked that.
Discouraged (Makruh)And similarly, decorating it (the Qibla wall) is disliked.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And the second narration is that it is permissible (to perform such prayers in prohibited times).
Forbidden (Haram)As for making up Sunnah prayers in other prohibited times, and performing other prayers with a reason, such as the greeting of the mosque, the eclipse prayer, and the prostration of recitation, the well-known position in the madhhab is that it is not permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)If one doubts (about the prohibited time), he may pray until he knows.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Congregational prayer is not obligatory upon her (a woman).
Permissible (Mubah)For if a woman stands in the row of men, her prayer is not invalidated, nor is the prayer of those next to her.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And she (a woman) sits cross-legged or drapes her legs, placing them on her right side.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If there is nothing from the turban under the chin, and it does not have a tail, it is not permissible to wipe over it.
Forbidden (Haram)If a woman wears a turban, it is not permissible to wipe over it.
Required (Wajib)Whoever sleeps, let him perform ablution.
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a dog licks the vessel of one of you, he must wash it seven times.
Forbidden (Haram)Prayer is not valid when performed in impure clothing or on an impure surface, because purity from impurity is a condition (for prayer) and that condition has been missed.
Required (Wajib)Then, if one discards the impurity without a long delay or much action, they should remove it and continue their prayer.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Required (Wajib)If she knows her menstruation is seven days from the first ten, four days become menstruation with certainty, specifically from the beginning of the fourth day to the end of the seventh.
Required (Wajib)[Our companions said:] It is like days, the blood is combined with the blood, so it is menses, and what is between them is purity, provided that the total collected blood reaches the minimum duration of menstruation.
Required (Wajib)All of the blood is considered menses if it recurs and does not exceed the maximum duration of menstruation.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If (the water) was hidden without signs, and he searched for it but did not find it, then he does not have to repeat (the prayer), because he was not negligent.
As for tayammum for major impurity (janabah), it is only nullified by seeing water, the expiration of the prayer time, and acts that necessitate ghusl (i.e., the occurrence of a new event requiring ghusl).
Similarly, tayammum for menstruation or post-natal bleeding does not lose its effect except by the cessation of these conditions (which would necessitate ghusl), or by one of the two matters (seeing water or the expiration of prayer time).
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If someone overpowers another who has higher priority to the water and uses it, he is committing a sin.
Permissible (Mubah)and it sufficed him (his purification was valid), because the other person did not own the water, but rather had priority due to severe need.
Required (Wajib)Both conditions are required for sufficiency in istinja' with stones: achieving cleanliness and completing three stones. If one condition is met without the other, it is not sufficient.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Required (Wajib)Ghusl is obligatory for it (i.e., for semen-like fluid discharged due to illness or cold, not desire).
Permissible (Mubah)If one feels the semen moving due to desire but holds it back so it does not exit, then ghusl is not required for him.
Required (Wajib)If a person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) fears for himself or his property, or cannot exit the mosque, or finds no other place, or cannot perform ghusl or wudu, then he should perform tayammum and then remain in the mosque.
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)Al-Qadi said: The Sunnah is to wash the deceased in a thin shirt that allows water to pass through to the body. One should insert their hand through the sleeve of the shirt, passing it over the body while water is poured. If the shirt is tight, the top of the seams should be opened, and the hand inserted through it.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm for a woman to wash a young boy.
Permissible (Mubah)As for a child washing the deceased, if he is discerning, his washing is valid, whether he is young or old.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If an old man embraces Islam and fears for himself from circumcision, it is dropped from him.
Required (Wajib)As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor (or virtuous act) for women.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to sell a free person.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to sell that which has no benefit, such as all insects, predatory beasts not suitable for hunting like the lion and wolf, and birds not eaten or used for hunting like the vulture, kite, piebald crow, raven of separation, and their eggs. All of this is not permissible to sell.
Required (Wajib)Amber in a salam contract must be specified by its color and its country or region of origin.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And the repayment is valid.
Required (Wajib)One should hasten to pay off the deceased's debt.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is impossible to pay off his debt immediately, it is recommended for his heir or someone else to guarantee it on his behalf.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the fetus is born and then grows up, it has the right to take it by pre-emption, just like a child when he grows up.
Required (Wajib)If the claimant demands the right of preemption (Shufa'a) and then dies, the right of preemption transfers to the heirs, by unanimous agreement.
Pre-emption (shuf'ah) is not inherited, unless the deceased had claimed it.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the owner says to him, "Act according to your opinion," then it is permissible for him (the Mudarib) to do that (i.e., mix the Mudarabah capital with his own).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him (the Mudarib) to mix the Mudarabah capital with his own money; if he does so and the funds cannot be distinguished, he guarantees it, because it is a trust, like a deposit.
Permissible (Mubah)If the owner says: "Act according to your opinion," or "as Allah has shown you," it is permissible for him (the Mudarib) to give it (the capital) to another as Mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership).
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the contract was for a specific, designated item, it is not permissible to replace it or to rent another.
Forbidden (Haram)Its rental is not permissible in contracts.
Permissible (Mubah)The owner is not liable for any wages of the worker because he did not permit him to work with his property.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Required (Wajib)Malik and Abu Hanifa are among those who made continuous possession obligatory.
Required (Wajib)If the pledgor wishes to divide the pledged item with the pledgee and take the share of the one who fulfilled his debt, and the pledged item is something that division does not diminish, such as measured or weighed items, then this becomes obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)If the mortgagor refuses to travel with them (when necessary), the mortgagee may move them, because their remaining would lead to their destruction and the loss of his right in the collateral.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And from Ahmad, another narration states that it (the waqf upon extinction of beneficiaries) reverts to the needy.
Permissible (Mubah)The other narration is that it becomes an endowment for the waqf-giver's closest male relatives (asabah).
Permissible (Mubah)Unlike the father; for it is permissible for him (the father) to make the offer, accept, and take possession (of a gift for his child).
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)If he (the buyer who did not know it was usurped) did not know, there is a category for which he does not get compensation: its value if it perished in his possession, the compensation for her virginity, and the compensation for a part of her.
Required (Wajib)And if he (the usurper) planted it (the land), and its owner reclaimed it while the crop was standing, then the crop belongs to the owner of the land, and upon him (the owner) are the expenses.
Required (Wajib)So, what decreased in it became obligatory (to compensate), just as if it were a slave who fell ill.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Whenever the agent acts after the principal revokes the agency or dies, his action is void if he knew about that.
The second narration from Ahmed states that the agent is not dismissed before he knows of the principal's death or his dismissal.
If it (the dinar) is lost with the agent, then it is from the sender's (debtor's) wealth, because he (the creditor) did not instruct him to exchange currencies.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)So it is forbidden to separate from them (ribawi items like gold and silver) before possession.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless they make the compensation from a type other than the price, such as taking a qafiz of wheat as compensation for a defect in silver, in which case it is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu al-Khattab said: It is permissible to separate from them (exchanged items) before possession, according to one narration, because their underlying reasons (for riba) are different, thus it is permissible to separate before possession, like money for a sold item.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to guarantee the wife's maintenance, whether it is for her current day or future; because the maintenance for the current day is obligatory, and future maintenance will eventually become obligatory. The guarantor is liable for whatever the husband is liable for according to the madhab's methodology.
Permissible (Mubah)As for past maintenance, if it was obligatory, either by a judge's ruling or if we say it is obligatory without his ruling, then guaranteeing it is permissible; otherwise, it is not.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to guarantee the capital of a Salam contract, according to one of the two narrations.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)There is another view that it (the emancipation on behalf of a disbeliever) is not valid.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to separate in sale any person who is a mahram relative (i.e., those with whom marriage is permanently forbidden).
Forbidden (Haram)According to Malik, the separation in sale is not forbidden except between a mother and her child.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The executor said, 'Should I buy it?' He (Ibn Mas'ud) said, 'No.'
Permissible (Mubah)Abu Hanifa said: It is permissible for him to sell to his adult child.
Required (Wajib)Abu al-Khattab said: The [formerly minor] individual does not have the right to cancel the lease because it is a binding contract, entered into by the right of guardianship, and thus it is not nullified by reaching puberty, just as if he had sold his house or married him off.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the item remains intact and unchanged, he (the payer) takes it back.
Required (Wajib)But if it is damaged due to his action, such as by tearing or beating it, then he is liable for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If a bird falls into his house, he is not obliged to preserve it or inform its owner.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Therefore, his prohibition against eating it (the earnings) must be interpreted as dislike (karahah) rather than outright prohibition (tahrim).
Forbidden (Haram)If he embraces Islam, it is not permissible for wine to be owed by him due to its lack of financial value, nor is its replacement obligatory because it has no value. Therefore, he is not liable for it if he destroys it.
Discouraged (Makruh)The earning of a cupper is impure.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)According to the analogy of our companions' view, the contract is valid, but the condition is void.
Permissible (Mubah)It is also possible that the condition is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Regarding whether the (void) condition invalidates the contract, there are two views. The soundest of them is that it does not invalidate the contract, because it does not affect the lessor with benefit or harm, so it is nullified, and the contract remains valid according to its terms.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a settlement concerns something that requires delivery, it is not permissible if there is ignorance (about the item), and it must be known.
Forbidden (Haram)And to this (i.e., invalidity) went Al-Shafi'i; because the compensation is unknown, as the fruit is unknown and its portion is unknown, and one of the conditions for settlement is knowledge of the compensation.
Forbidden (Haram)And even if it is not stipulated, if he does not give some of his right except by waiving some of it, then it is also forbidden, because it diminishes his right.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If some of the specified animals in a grazing contract perish, the rental contract for that portion becomes void, and the shepherd is entitled to a proportionate wage for the remaining animals.
Permissible (Mubah)If the animals give birth to lambs, the shepherd is not obliged to graze them.
Forbidden (Haram)If the weaver produces the garment with an excess in one dimension and a deficiency in another, he receives no wage for the excess part.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then, one sells perishable wet food (from the insolvent's assets).
Required (Wajib)If any part of the mortgagee's debt remains, he shares in it with the other creditors.
Required (Wajib)Whatever remains from the price of the pledged item is returned to the creditors.
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Required (Wajib)And it is compensated according to the other view.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the offspring of a borrowed item, its compensation is not obligatory, according to one of the two views.
Required (Wajib)And if it was less, it is compensated with its value on the day it was destroyed, according to both views.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)If impurity exits from the deceased after the seventh wash, the washing is not repeated.
Discouraged (Makruh)Whoever washes a deceased person should not wash them more than seven times, nor exceed that, whether something (impurity) exits from them or not.
Discouraged (Makruh)It was asked: Should we perform ablution for the deceased if something exits from them after the seventh wash? He replied: No.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)The adhan is a confirmed Sunnah, and not obligatory.
Obligatory (Fard)[The Adhan] is among the communal obligations (fard kifayah).
Obligatory (Fard)If it is performed by someone by whom sufficiency is achieved, it falls away from the rest.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Required (Wajib)So, this person (a martyr who still has a stable sign of life after being carried from the battlefield) is washed and prayed upon, even if he is a martyr.
Discouraged (Makruh)Its minimum status [regarding women visiting graves] is disliked (Makruh).
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for women to visit graves.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one dedicates the upper part of his house as a mosque without its lower part, or its lower part without its upper part, it is valid.
Required (Wajib)One-third of an endowment designated 'for the sake of Allah,' 'for reward,' or 'for good' should be spent on those who receive a share of Zakat, namely the Ghazat (warriors) who are not registered in the public registry, even if they are wealthy. The remainder of the endowment should be spent on anything that contains reward, recompense, and good, because the wording is general in that regard.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked (makruh) to perform ablution (wudu) in the mosque, because one cannot be safe from spitting or blowing one's nose, and spitting in the mosque is a sin. Also, it may wet a place in the mosque, preventing worshippers from praying there.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in remembering Allah in the bathhouse.
Required (Wajib)And because Allah the Exalted said: 'And remember Allah during a number of days' [Al-Baqarah: 203], and these are the Days of Tashreeq, therefore, remembrance (dhikr) becomes designated in all of them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)So, its performance is recommended.
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When a person falls ill, it is recommended for him to be patient.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to take wages for judiciary, testimony, and imamate (leading prayer).
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you visit the sick, give them hope for a longer life, for it does not avert anything from Allah's decree, but it gladdens the sick person's soul.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)So he (Ahmad) did not consider it recommended to connect his recitation's conclusion with reading anything.
Preferred (Mustahabb)I found the people of good from the early generations of this Ummah considering it recommended to complete the Qur'an at the beginning of the night and at the beginning of the day.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to protect the Quran from it (the bathroom).
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not take stones or soil from Makkah out to the non-sacred area (Hill), and taking them out is more severe.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When the covering of the Kaaba is removed, it should be given as charity.
Discouraged (Makruh)Residing in Mecca is disliked for one who had emigrated from it.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And whenever the perpetrator is an unlearned person who imitated someone who believes it is permissible, there is no blame on him.
Required (Wajib)Whoever embraces Islam in Dar al-Harb (land of war) and misses prayers or fasting, not knowing their obligation, is required to make them up.
Required (Wajib)Ijtihad is a condition for the validity of prayer for him (the one capable of ijtihad), and thus it is not waived by the shortness of time, as long as it is possible, just like all other conditions.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if he has intercourse with her without fearing to fall into sin, there is no expiation upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)it is not permissible for him to take anything in compensation for its defect (if freed as expiation).
Required (Wajib)If he breaks his oath, or reverts in his zihar, or an expiation is incumbent upon him due to killing or intercourse during a Ramadan day, he must expiate by fasting for that.
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to stand in the first part of the rain and bring out one's belongings to be touched by the rain.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to be generous on this day (Eid).
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to strive hard in worship during these days [the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah].
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And he should be made to face the Qiblah.
Permissible (Mubah)If his family wishes to see him, they should not be prevented.
Recommended (Sunnah)Closing the eyes of the deceased is sunnah immediately after death.
+ 13 more rulings
Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The minimum that suffices for shrouding is one garment that covers all of it.
Required (Wajib)Al-Qadi said: Less than three garments are not sufficient for shrouding for one who is able to afford them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Ahmad said: A boy should be shrouded in a single piece of cloth.
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if he wishes to perform it (such an act), he is not allowed to do so, whether he vowed it or not.
Forbidden (Haram)Silence from speech, and the apparent meaning of the narrations is its prohibition.
Forbidden (Haram)He prohibited the 'fast of silence'.
+ 2 more rulings
Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bury in a coffin.
Discouraged (Makruh)The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade adding more soil to the grave than what came out of its excavation.
Recommended (Sunnah)The grave should be raised about a handspan above the ground.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)There is no one among Allah's creation upon whom Hajj and Umrah are not both obligatory, and they are indispensable for whoever can find a way to them.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded the disciplining of a child for abandoning prayer at that age (ten years old).
Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
+ 2 more rulings
Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Required (Wajib)And if two witnesses testify [to the crescent sighting], it is obligatory to accept their testimony.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the dowry is owed by a solvent person, Zakat is obligatory on it; when she receives it, she must pay for the past period.
Required (Wajib)The master pays zakat on what is in the possession of his slave, because he is its owner.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no Zakat on the adornments of a man's sword, his belt, or his ring.
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the amount (of irrigation by each method) is unknown, we give precedence to the obligation of the full tenth (zakat) as a precaution.
Required (Wajib)If one of the partners is not subject to Zakat, such as a mukatab slave or a dhimmi, then the other partner owes Zakat on his share if it reaches the nisab.
Required (Wajib)If each partner's share of produce, when combined, reaches the nisab (threshold), then Zakat is due on his share.
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He said: If it (the debt) is upon his family, then yes (it can be paid from Zakat).
Permissible (Mubah)That sadaqa is taken from him and returned to him if he does not have enough for his needs (even if he owns nisab for livestock or crops).
Required (Wajib)So if it is given for the purpose of debt, it is obligatory to use it to pay off the debt.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the old (grain) has not changed its taste, but the new one is more valuable than it, it is permissible to give out the old one (as Zakat al-Fitr).
Required (Wajib)[Pay] half a sa' of wheat, or a sa' of dates or barley for every free person and slave, male and female.
Recommended (Sunnah)We used to give Zakat al-Fitr when the Messenger of Allah was among us as a sa' of food, or a sa' of barley, or a sa' of dates, or a sa' of raisins, or a sa' of dried yogurt.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)(Take) a sheep from sheep, a camel from camels, and cattle from cattle (as Zakat).
Permissible (Mubah)There is no sadaqah (charity/zakat) on Al-Jabha, nor on Al-Nakhkha, nor on Al-Kas'ah (which are interpreted in the text as horses, slaves, and donkeys respectively).
Permissible (Mubah)Its zakat is one dinar for every horse, or a quarter of a tenth of its value, and the owner has the choice in this, whichever he wishes to pay.
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)So he (the agent) should not eat anything from it (the charity); rather, he was commanded only to execute its distribution.
Preferred (Mustahabb)So, giving charity with it (the increase from the disputed sale) is recommended.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is reported from Ahmad that they (the buyer and seller) should give the increase (in value) in charity.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)If it (mineral extract) is of the type of currencies, then Zakat is due on it every year.
Required (Wajib)If one gives out a quarter of a tenth of its raw earth before refining it, it is obligatory to return it if it is still existing, or its value if it has been destroyed.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give out its zakat except after smelting and refining it, similar to the tenth of grain.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he defrauds his wealth and conceals it so that the Imam does not take its Zakat (this action is forbidden).
Required (Wajib)He (the Imam) should take it (Zakat) and punish him (ta'zeer), and not take anything extra beyond it.
Required (Wajib)If the one withholding Zakat is outside the Imam's control, he should be fought.
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)He [Ali] ordered the owner of the treasure to give it as charity to the poor.
Required (Wajib)Its disbursement is like that of spoils of war (fay').
Required (Wajib)Al-Zuhri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and others made the khums (one-fifth) obligatory on all (rukaz).
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.