Hanafi School
المذهب الحنفي
Founded by Imam Abu Hanifa (699-767 CE). Largest school of Islamic jurisprudence.
10,071 rulings across 152 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(67 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And one should not wear a ring except one made of silver.
Forbidden (Haram)And this is a clear statement that wearing a ring made of stone, iron, or brass is forbidden.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for an intersex person during their lifetime to wear jewelry and silk.
+ 64 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(11 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is only permitted to use what is made from animal hair (wabar) to add to women's braids and ponytails.
Recommended (Sunnah)And the Sunnah is to trim it until it aligns with the border of the lip.
Permissible (Mubah)According to Abu Hanifa, there is no harm in using silk as a pillow or sleeping on it.
+ 8 more rulings
Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, an impotent man (whose penis has been cut off) is like a fertile man (regarding looking at non-mahram women) because he can engage in sexual acts and ejaculate.
Forbidden (Haram)Castration is a mutilation, so it does not permit what was previously forbidden (regarding looking at non-mahram women).
Permissible (Mubah)It is narrated from Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him, that a woman's gaze at another woman is like a man's gaze at his unmarriageable kin (mahārim).
+ 6 more rulings
Family Law14 topics
Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(438 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And in Al-Ziyadat, it is stated that it is not disliked to issue a single irrevocable divorce due to the immediate need for separation.
And it does not require the husband's intention.
If he says to her, 'Choose yourself,' and she says, 'I choose,' one irrevocable divorce occurs.
+ 435 more rulings
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(410 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a minor boy or girl to be married if their guardian (wali) arranges it, whether the girl is a virgin or previously married.
Permissible (Mubah)If the husband presents evidence for her silence, the marriage is established.
Required (Wajib)If the husband says, 'The marriage reached you and you remained silent,' but she says, 'I rejected it,' then her word is accepted.
+ 407 more rulings
Inheritance
الميراث(157 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If an apostate dies or is killed due to his apostasy, what he earned in Islam is transferred to his Muslim heirs, and what he earned during his apostasy becomes `fay'` (public treasury/spoils of war). This is according to Abu Hanifa.
Required (Wajib)In the first case (where the heirs are a husband, a mother, and a hermaphrodite sister), the husband receives half, the mother receives a third, and the remainder goes to the hermaphrodite.
And the bequest and gift (in the aforementioned scenario) are nullified.
+ 154 more rulings
Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(97 rulings)Required (Wajib)The lineage of a child born to a woman whose husband has passed away is established if born between the time of death and within two years.
Lineage, once established, does not admit annulment, and acknowledgment of such a thing (lineage) is not revoked by rejection.
The two disciples (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) said that if the slave denies paternity, the child is the son of the master.
+ 94 more rulings
Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(88 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)Maintenance for the wife is obligated upon the husband if he is solvent, as well as maintenance for her servant.
Required (Wajib)However, a parent is to be imprisoned if they refuse to provide maintenance for their child.
Required (Wajib)Everyone who is entitled to maintenance from his wealth while he is present, without a judge's ruling, must be maintained from his wealth in his absence.
+ 85 more rulings
Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(77 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a father has intercourse with his son's slave girl and she gives birth, she becomes an Umm Walad (mother of his child) for him.
When the second owner claimed her last child, his claim was valid due to his apparent ownership.
When one of them claimed the child, his claim was valid because his ownership existed over her, and his share of her became an Umm Walad for him.
+ 74 more rulings
Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(71 rulings)Required (Wajib)If someone makes a bequest to the children of so-and-so, the bequest is distributed among them, and males and females are equal in it.
Required (Wajib)If someone makes a bequest to the heirs of so-and-so, the bequest is among them, with the male receiving the share of two females.
Required (Wajib)Those whom he freed, whether in health or sickness, are included in this bequest.
+ 68 more rulings
Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(64 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If her 'iddah period has ended, and he hires her to breastfeed his child, it is permissible because the marriage has completely ceased, and she has become like a stranger.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If the father says he will not hire her and brings another woman, but the mother agrees to breastfeed for the same wage as a stranger or for no wage, then she has a greater right (to breastfeed) because she is more compassionate, and this is in the child's best interest.
Forbidden (Haram)If she wishes to leave for a city that is not her homeland, even if the marriage took place there, it is indicated in the book that she does not have the right to do so.
+ 61 more rulings
Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(38 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a divorced woman inherits during the illness [of her husband from whom she was divorced], her waiting period (iddah) is the longer of the two prescribed periods.
Required (Wajib)If the divorce was revocable, she must observe the waiting period (iddah) of death by consensus.
Required (Wajib)If a slave woman is freed during her waiting period (iddah) from a revocable divorce, her waiting period changes to that of free women.
+ 35 more rulings
Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(13 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the father did not appoint an executor, then the grandfather is in the position of the father, as he is the closest and most compassionate person to him, possessing the authority to arrange marriage without the need for an executor.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to lease his services (for the foundling).
Forbidden (Haram)According to Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him, if a boy reaches puberty but is not yet mature, his wealth should not be handed over to him until he reaches twenty-five years of age.
+ 10 more rulings
Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he fears desire for himself or for her, whether with certainty, strong suspicion, or even doubt, he must avoid that to the best of his ability.
Permissible (Mubah)A man may look at the face, head, chest, shins, and upper arms of his mahram women.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in touching what it is permissible for him to look at from her (a mahram woman).
+ 8 more rulings
Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to have intercourse with her.
Required (Wajib)If a master has intercourse with his mukatabah (slave under a manumission contract), he is obligated to pay the 'aqr (compensation for intercourse without marriage).
Required (Wajib)And (upon him is) the value of her child.
+ 6 more rulings
Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The puberty of a boy is recognized by wet dreams, making someone pregnant, and ejaculation if he has intercourse. If these signs are not found, then it is upon him reaching eighteen years of age.
Forbidden (Haram)This is in contrast to a husband disciplining his wife, because his authority in this regard is general and general permissions are conditioned upon safety (implying liability if death occurs).
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever calls his parent a 'qareeb' (relative) would be guilty of disobedience (to parents).
+ 3 more rulings
Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a woman to give a small amount of charity from her husband's house, such as a loaf of bread or similar items.
Fasting (Sawm)7 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(77 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he breaks it (the voluntary fast that turned out to be from Sha'ban), he must not make it up.
Forbidden (Haram)There is a well-known prohibition against fasting on these days (referring to Eid al-Adha and the days of Tashreeq).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one doubts the arrival of Fajr, it is preferable to refrain from eating.
+ 74 more rulings
Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(56 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked if one is not confident that they will avoid intercourse or ejaculation.
Required (Wajib)For consuming an amount (of food) the size of a chickpea (which breaks the fast), according to Abu Yusuf, one must make up the fast (qada) but no expiation (kaffarah) is required.
Permissible (Mubah)If one intentionally swallows vomit (less than a mouth-full), there is an opinion from Abu Yusuf that it does not break the fast for the reasons mentioned.
+ 53 more rulings
Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(31 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Likewise, touching and kissing are forbidden for him (the one in I'tikaf) because they are inducements to it (intercourse).
Permissible (Mubah)The one performing i'tikaf does not invalidate his i'tikaf by going out onto the roof of the mosque.
Forbidden (Haram)Sexual intercourse is forbidden for the one in I'tikaf.
+ 28 more rulings
Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(28 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Make-up and expiation are not required if a jurist issued a fatwa that cupping invalidates the fast, because a fatwa is a legal proof for the person.
Required (Wajib)If one knows the interpretation (that cupping does not break the fast), expiation becomes obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)Expiation (kaffarah) is not required for a sleeping or insane woman if she is subjected to intercourse while fasting.
+ 25 more rulings
Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has to make up missed fasts and also a vowed fast, it is necessary to differentiate between them in intention.
Required (Wajib)For types of fasting established in one's responsibility, such as making up Ramadan, absolute vows, and expiatory fasts, it is not permissible (i.e., not valid) unless the intention is made from the night, because these fasts are not specifically designated by a day, and designation is necessary from the beginning.
Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)"Do not fast on these days, for they are days of eating, drinking, and marital intimacy."
Forbidden (Haram)Fasting during them (the days of Tashreeq) is forbidden.
General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Because fasting for less than a full day is not legislated.
Food & Drink2 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(174 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Tasmiyah in optional slaughter (dhakat al-ikhtiyar) is a condition at the time of slaughter, and it applies to the animal being slaughtered.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he omits it due to forgetfulness, it is permissible to eat.
Forbidden (Haram)If the slaughterer intentionally omits the Tasmiyah (mentioning Allah's name), then the slaughtered animal is carrion and is not to be eaten.
+ 171 more rulings
Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(105 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the dregs are thrown into vinegar, there is no harm in it.
Required (Wajib)Nevertheless, he should investigate (to distinguish the slaughtered from the dead) because it is a way to reach the lawfully slaughtered in general, so he should not abandon this investigation without necessity.
Permissible (Mubah)However, in a state of necessity, it is permissible for him to consume from all of it (the mixed slaughtered and dead animals).
+ 102 more rulings
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(244 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked (makruh) not to spend the nights of throwing (the Jamarat) in Mina.
Permissible (Mubah)If he intentionally spends the night elsewhere (not in Mina), nothing is incumbent upon him according to us (i.e., no compensatory penalty).
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for a man to send his belongings to Makkah and remain (in Mina) until he throws (the Jamarat).
+ 241 more rulings
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(204 rulings)Required (Wajib)And they (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) said, a charity (sadaqah) is due upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)And there is no harm in him (the pilgrim in ihram) performing ghusl (full ablution) and entering the public bath.
Permissible (Mubah)Except if it (the dyed garment) is washed and does not shed (scent).
+ 201 more rulings
Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(155 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And abandoning it (Tawaf al-Tahiyya) does not necessitate a sacrificial animal.
Forbidden (Haram)And an animal born without ears is not permissible for sacrifice.
Permissible (Mubah)And from him (Abu Yusuf), if enough (teeth) remain for it to feed itself, it is sufficient (for sacrifice) due to the fulfillment of the purpose.
+ 152 more rulings
Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(83 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And no sacrifice is due from him (if he repeats the tawaf while in Mecca).
Required (Wajib)And in the case of major impurity, as an obligation (ijaban), one is commanded to repeat it.
Permissible (Mubah)Then, if he repeats Tawaf al-Ziyarah after having performed it in a state of minor impurity, no sacrifice is due from him, even if he repeats it after the days of sacrifice.
+ 80 more rulings
Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then, by delaying the stoning (beyond its prescribed time), a blood sacrifice (dam) becomes obligatory according to Abu Hanifa, in contrast to the view of his two students.
Required (Wajib)Whoever neglects stoning the Jamarat on all (prescribed) days must offer a blood sacrifice (dam) because the omission of an obligation is confirmed, and one dam suffices as the type of omission is unified, similar to the ruling for shaving (omission).
Required (Wajib)Whoever neglects the standing (wuquf) at Muzdalifah must offer a blood sacrifice (dam) because it is one of the obligations.
+ 7 more rulings
Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(9 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This is in contrast to when Hajj is missed, in which case he does not guarantee the expenses because it was not missed by his choice.
Required (Wajib)And he must guarantee the expenses, meaning if he had sexual intercourse before the standing at Arafah such that his Hajj became invalid.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person in ihram is prevented by an enemy or afflicted by illness, preventing him from proceeding, then it is permissible for him to exit ihram.
+ 6 more rulings
inheritance2 topics
Deathbed Declarations Regarding Debt and Wills
إقرارات المرض للموت المتعلقة بالدين والوصايا(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)When the share is set aside, it is said to the beneficiaries of the wills, "Believe him in whatever you wish," and it is said to the heirs, "Believe him in whatever you wish."
Permissible (Mubah)If a person says, "So-and-so has a debt on me, so believe them," meaning they said this to their heirs, then the claim is to be believed up to one third of the estate.
Discouraged (Makruh)According to analogical deduction (qiyas), such a claim is not believed, because an admission of an unknown amount, even if valid, cannot be ruled upon without clarification.
Wills (Wasiya)
الوصايا(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Whatever remains of the one-third after that is distributed equally among other beneficiaries of wills, and no one is given precedence over another.
Permissible (Mubah)For general wills where the total does not exceed one-third, each beneficiary receives their full will from the one-third, and no one is given precedence over another.
Permissible (Mubah)Anything one makes obligatory after death (i.e., through a will) is considered from one-third of their wealth.
Judicial Matters21 topics
Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(388 rulings)Required (Wajib)In the case of intentional harm, if one is free and the other a slave, the kinsmen (aqilah) of the free person must pay half the value of the slave.
Required (Wajib)Liability (for unintentional harm) falls upon the `aqilah` of the perpetrator if he has one, and the master is the `aqilah` of his slave.
Required (Wajib)It (the liability for `aqilah`) becomes obligatory on the people of the military registry (Ahl al-Diwan).
+ 385 more rulings
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(164 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the demolition causes damage, he is liable for it.
Required (Wajib)But if it was a large stone, he is liable.
Required (Wajib)If he (the master) commits an offense against her (his mukatabah) or her child, he is obligated to compensate for the offense.
+ 161 more rulings
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(96 rulings)Required (Wajib)The slave and the free person are equal in the application of the cutting punishment for theft.
Required (Wajib)It is necessary for the theft to occur from a secure place free of doubt, because doubt prevents the application of the hadd (prescribed punishment).
Forbidden (Haram)So, if someone steals ten raw silver (tibra) whose value is less than ten minted dirhams, the cutting of their hand is not obligatory.
+ 93 more rulings
War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(72 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he sells it after the completion [of the battle], the share of horsemen is not forfeited.
Permissible (Mubah)And according to the apparent narration (Zahir al-Riwayah), he is entitled to the share of footmen, because engaging in these actions indicates that his intention at the time of crossing the border was not to fight as a horseman.
Permissible (Mubah)If one enters on horseback and then sells his horse, or gifts it, or leases it, or pawns it, then according to a narration from Al-Hasan on Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on them both), he is entitled to the share of horsemen, considering his state at the time of crossing the border.
+ 69 more rulings
Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(69 rulings)Required (Wajib)The thousand is binding on him.
He is not to be believed in his statement 'I did not receive it', according to Abu Hanifa.
If that is the case, it is a retraction, so it is not valid even if it is connected.
+ 66 more rulings
Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he was stoned and then the witnesses were found to be slaves, the blood money is on the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal) because the action was carried out in obedience to the Imam's order.
Permissible (Mubah)The testimony of a single woman is accepted regarding birth, virginity, and defects among women in matters that men do not ordinarily observe.
Required (Wajib)If a judge orders an executor to sell a slave for creditors, and then the slave is found to be rightfully owned by someone else or dies before possession, and the money is lost, the buyer should refer to the executor for recourse.
+ 50 more rulings
Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(50 rulings)If two people dispute over an animal, one of them riding it and the other holding its bridle, the rider has a stronger claim.
Forbidden (Haram)The property is not to be taken from the possession of a third party unless betrayal on their part becomes evident.
If a slave is in the possession of one man, and two men establish proof over him, one claiming usurpation and the other claiming a deposit, then the slave is divided between them due to their equal right to claim.
+ 47 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(37 rulings)Required (Wajib)Zina is established by evidence (testimony) and confession.
Required (Wajib)According to Abu Hanifa, whoever engages in anal sex with a woman or commits the act of the people of Lot (sodomy) does not incur a hadd penalty, but is to be disciplined with ta'zir.
Required (Wajib)Whoever engages in sexual contact with a foreign woman short of actual penetration is to be disciplined with ta'zir, because it is a reprehensible act for which no specific punishment (hadd) is prescribed.
+ 34 more rulings
Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(32 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a slave commits an offense while with the master, then a man usurps him and he commits another offense while with the usurper, the master must pay its value, divided equally between the two offenses. He also has recourse for half the value against the usurper, because the entitlement to half occurred due to the second offense while the slave was with the usurper. Thus, he must hand this (recovered half value) over to the guardian of the first offense and not seek further recourse for it from the usurper. This is by consensus.
Required (Wajib)He guarantees its value as if it were alive (in the case where someone else killed it and paid blood money).
Required (Wajib)If a man buys an enslaved woman and she gives birth to a child with him, then another man proves a right to her (the enslaved woman), the father must guarantee the value of the child and does not litigate, because it is the child of al-Maghrur (the deceived).
+ 29 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(29 rulings)The demand of the slandered person is a condition (for the hadd of qadhf to be applied) because it involves his right to avert shame.
If the husband is eligible as a witness, but the wife is a slave, a non-Muslim, or has been previously punished for slander, or is someone whose slanderer would not be punished (such as a child, insane person, or a proven adulteress), then neither the prescribed punishment (hadd) nor mutual imprecation (li'an) applies to the husband.
Required (Wajib)Regarding the `hadd` for slander (`qadhf`), it is considered that the predominant aspect is the right of the Sharia (God's right), and thus its ruling is like the ruling of other `hudud` punishments which are considered the rights of Allah.
+ 26 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Intoxicants
حد المسكرات(25 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This is in contrast to the hadd punishment for drinking (alcohol), because he (the musta'min) believes it to be permissible (thus, he is not punished with hadd for it).
Required (Wajib)Whoever drinks alcohol and is apprehended while its smell is present, or is brought in drunk, and the witnesses testify to that, then the prescribed punishment (hadd) is due upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)If a person confesses to drinking alcohol after its scent has disappeared, he will not be subjected to the *hadd* punishment according to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf (may Allah have mercy on them).
+ 22 more rulings
Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(25 rulings)The contracts and confessions of a minor and an insane person are not valid.
Permissible (Mubah)The grandchild (of apostate parents) is not compelled to embrace Islam.
Required (Wajib)Hasan narrated from Abu Hanifa that he (the grandchild) is compelled to Islam, following the grandfather.
+ 22 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(21 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible for him (the Imam) to kill him before that (the three-day delay).
Required (Wajib)If a non-Muslim enemy converts to Islam in the land of war, and a Muslim kills him intentionally or by mistake, and he has Muslim heirs there (in Dar al-Harb), then nothing is due from the killer except the expiation in the case of accidental killing.
Required (Wajib)According to Al-Shafi'i, it is obligatory for the Imam to delay him for three days.
+ 18 more rulings
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(15 rulings)Required (Wajib)His clothes are removed, meaning without the loincloth.
Required (Wajib)The Imam orders him to be beaten with a whip that has no knot (or tip), with a moderate beating.
Required (Wajib)The beating is to be distributed over his limbs.
+ 12 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Highway Robbery
حد قطاع الطرق (المحاربة)(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)If highway robbers killed someone but did not take any property, the Imam must execute them as a hadd punishment.
Required (Wajib)If a group capable of resistance, or an individual capable of resistance, sets out with the intention of highway robbery and is apprehended before taking any property or killing anyone, the Imam must imprison them until they repent.
Required (Wajib)If highway robbers took property from a Muslim or a Dhimmi, and the value of the taken property, when divided among them, amounts to ten dirhams or more for each person, or its equivalent value, the Imam must amputate their hands and feet from opposing sides.
+ 10 more rulings
General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(11 rulings)Required (Wajib)The soundest view is that (if a judge received a year's salary and was dismissed before the year ended) it must be returned.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Another opinion says it is permissible for a rich judge to take the salary, and this is the sounder view, to protect the judiciary from degradation.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in a judge receiving a salary.
+ 8 more rulings
Discretionary Punishment (Ta'zir)
التعزير(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Ta'zeer is not legislated for mere accusation before its proof, just as it is legislated for fixed penalties (hudud), because it is a form of ta'zeer.
Required (Wajib)The maximum ta'zeer is thirty-nine lashes, and its minimum is three lashes.
Required (Wajib)But he should be given a painful discretionary punishment (ta'zir) if he knew about it.
+ 1 more ruling
Bani Taghlib Tax
ضريبة بني تغلب(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is taken from their women.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not taken from their children.
Required (Wajib)From the wealth of the Christians of Bani Taghlib, double what is taken from Muslims as Zakat is taken.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And unclear writing, such as writing on air or water, is like unheard speech, so no ruling is established by it.
Required (Wajib)As for clear but informal writing, such as writing on a wall or tree leaves, intention is required for it because it is like explicit writing, so intention is indispensable.
Maintenance from Absentee's Funds (Judicial Order)
النفقة من مال الغائب بأمر القاضي(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)If it is a deposit or a debt, expenses are to be paid from it if the depositee and debtor confess to the debt, deposit, marriage, and lineage. This is if these facts are not apparent to the judge. If they are apparent, there is no need for confession. If one of them is apparent (e.g., the deposit or debt, or marriage and lineage), then confession is required for what is not apparent. This is the correct view.
+ 1 more topic in this category
Oaths & Vows3 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(1074 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)So, he is not believed in denying the intention (in the aforementioned case).
Required (Wajib)He is believed in judicial ruling (if he said 'observe 'iddah, observe 'iddah' and intended the first for divorce and the rest for menstruation).
Required (Wajib)According to Muhammad, judgment is given based on both pieces of evidence, and the property belongs to the 'outside party'.
+ 1071 more rulings
General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(284 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If someone swears not to wear a specific garment while he is wearing it, and he takes it off immediately, he does not break his oath.
Forbidden (Haram)Then it is not to be reclaimed from the poor person, because it has become charity.
Required (Wajib)However, he should make up these days consecutively in this period, to the extent possible, in order to realize the continuity (of the vowed fast).
+ 281 more rulings
Dhihar Oath
الظهار(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)A man who has made Dhihar (oath of resemblance to a mahram relative) should not approach his wife, nor touch her, nor kiss her, nor look at her private parts with lust until he performs expiation (kaffara).
other18 topics
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(211 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a non-relative first buys half of a slave, and then the father buys the other half while he is wealthy, the non-relative has a choice: if he wishes, he may make the father liable (for compensation) because he did not consent to the destruction of his share; or if he wishes, he may make the son work for half of his value due to the retention of his financial worth by him. This is according to Abu Hanifa.
Required (Wajib)If two men buy a slave, and one of them had sworn an oath to free him if he bought half of him for both of them, then he nullifies his partner's share through manumission.
Required (Wajib)According to the two disciples (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad), in the case of purchase, the father guarantees half of the slave's value if he is wealthy; if he is poor, the son must work for half of his value for his father's partner.
+ 208 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(105 rulings)Required (Wajib)And after the division of spoils, his compensation is paid from the public treasury.
Required (Wajib)The money taken should be spent on matters like jizya, this is if they (the enemy) did not enter Muslim territory but sent a messenger, because it is in the meaning of jizya.
Forbidden (Haram)The share of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) falls upon his death.
+ 102 more rulings
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(69 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)None of them has the right to dig a new channel from it or set up a watermill on it, except with the consent of its co-owners.
Permissible (Mubah)In contrast, if he wishes to lower or raise his sluice, he has that right according to the sound opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)If the owner permits him to do so or lends it to him, there is no harm in it (it is permissible), because it is his right, and thus permission applies to it, just like water collected in his vessel.
+ 66 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(29 rulings)Required (Wajib)Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said that it (the past year's uncollected Jizya) is collected from him.
Required (Wajib)According to Abu Yusuf, Jizya is obligatory on them (the chronically ill, blind, paralyzed, or very old) if they possess wealth.
Permissible (Mubah)Jizya is not imposed on the chronically ill, the blind, the paralyzed, or the very old.
+ 26 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(26 rulings)Required (Wajib)If two people claim the foundling, and one of them describes a mark on its body, then he has a stronger claim, because the apparent evidence supports him as the mark corresponds to his statement.
Forbidden (Haram)If a man picks up a foundling, it is not permissible for anyone else to take him from him, because the right of custody is established for him due to his prior possession.
Permissible (Mubah)The person who picks up the foundling is considered a volunteer in spending on him due to not having guardianship.
+ 23 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(19 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, an executor has the right to sell movable property belonging to an absent adult, but not immovable property.
Required (Wajib)According to Abu Hanifa, if someone builds a water fountain for Muslims, or an inn for travelers, or a hospice, or designates his land as a graveyard, his ownership does not cease until a judge issues a ruling concerning it.
If the heirs divide the property, and the legatee's share is taken and then lost, the legatee may reclaim a third of what remains, as we have explained.
+ 16 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(17 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to employ eunuchs.
Forbidden (Haram)Seclusion with a foreign woman is forbidden, even if others are with her.
Discouraged (Makruh)Like urinating in the street and eating in the street, because it abandons dignity.
+ 14 more rulings
Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(16 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Unlike water collected in a vessel, where he fights with a non-weapon, because the owner has already taken possession of it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is said regarding a well or similar source that it is preferable to fight the person preventing access with a non-weapon, such as a stick, because he committed a sin, and this acts as a discretionary punishment for him.
If a minor grants safety while not comprehending, it is not valid, just like a mad person.
+ 13 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(15 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Medical treatment is permissible by consensus.
Forbidden (Haram)Seeking a cure with forbidden things is forbidden.
Required (Wajib)And a fetus whose creation is partially manifest is considered like a complete fetus in all these rulings (e.g., motherhood, waiting period, post-natal bleeding).
+ 12 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(13 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, one is not compelled to spend on their maintenance (for other animals).
Required (Wajib)However, one is commanded to do so (spend on animals) in what is between him and Allah Almighty, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade torturing animals, which includes this, and forbade wasting wealth, which includes wasting it.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to pick up a lost sheep, cow, or camel.
+ 10 more rulings
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(9 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one is invited to a feast or meal and finds there is entertainment or singing, there is no harm in sitting and eating.
Required (Wajib)If he is a role model and cannot prevent them, he should leave and not sit.
Discouraged (Makruh)If that (prohibited entertainment) is at the table, he should not sit, even if he is not a role model.
+ 6 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(6 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible (haram) for men and women to eat, drink, anoint themselves with oil, or perfume themselves using vessels made of gold and silver.
Permissible (Mubah)As for plating that does not separate (the metal does not come off easily), there is no harm in it by consensus.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to use it (pig hair) for stringing beads due to necessity.
+ 3 more rulings
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)If an intersex person is buried with a woman, the intersex person should be placed in front of the woman due to the possibility of being a man.
Required (Wajib)If an intersex person is buried with a man in a single grave due to necessity, the intersex person should be placed behind the man due to the possibility of being a woman, and a barrier of earth should be placed between them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is preferred to cover their grave, because if they were female, it fulfills an obligation, and if they were male, covering does not harm them.
+ 2 more rulings
Travel Rulings
أحكام السفر(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Except if he is a Magian, because he believes in the permissibility of marrying her (which invalidates his mahram status for travel security purposes, making travel with him as a mahram impermissible).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for her to go out for a journey less than three days without a mahram.
Permissible (Mubah)She may travel with any mahram.
+ 2 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(3 rulings)However, he is only sinful if he knew about the permissibility in this situation (of necessity).
Forbidden (Haram)He is not permitted to endure what he was threatened with. If he endures until they inflict it upon him and he does not eat, he is sinful.
Required (Wajib)Because averting destruction is obligatory by any possible means.
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)According to Abu Yusuf, the legal stratagem to drop the pre-emptor is not disliked.
Discouraged (Makruh)It (the legal stratagem to drop the pre-emptor) is disliked according to Muhammad.
Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The suspension of conditions is exclusive to pure revocations (or unilateral declarations) like divorce and emancipation, and does not extend beyond them.
Required (Wajib)A layperson must follow the jurists.
Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the two foolish voices: the wailing woman and the singer.
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(301 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is a cloudy day, it is recommended to delay Fajr, Dhuhr, and Maghrib prayers.
Forbidden (Haram)The two disciples said that it is not valid except with an excuse.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And standing is better.
+ 298 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(168 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in seeking permission for the funeral prayer.
Forbidden (Haram)Thus, it is not permissible to omit standing for the funeral prayer without an excuse, out of caution.
Recommended (Sunnah)And according to Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him), one stands for a man's funeral prayer at the level of his head, and for a woman's at the level of her waist, because Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) did so and said it is the Sunnah.
+ 165 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(66 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the follower forgets, neither the Imam nor the follower is obligated to perform the prostration of forgetfulness.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If, while in ruku' or sujood, he remembers that he owes a prostration, and he goes down from his ruku' or raises his head from his sujood and performs it, he should repeat the ruku' and sujood. This is to indicate what is preferable.
Required (Wajib)Whoever forgets the first sitting (tashahhud) and then remembers while being closer to a sitting position, he must return, sit, and recite the tashahhud.
+ 63 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(51 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) said it is not permissible (for a standing person to pray behind a sitting person).
Permissible (Mubah)A standing person may pray behind a sitting person.
Permissible (Mubah)One who prays by gesturing may pray behind another who prays by gesturing, due to their equality in condition.
+ 48 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(36 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)(The ta'awwudh should be said by the latecomer) but not by the one following the Imam (from the beginning).
Recommended (Sunnah)It is appropriate for one praying in an open field to place a sutrah (barrier) in front of him.
Required (Wajib)And embedding (the sutrah) is considered valid, not merely laying it down or drawing a line.
+ 33 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If it [sighing, moaning, or crying in prayer] was due to remembering Paradise or Hell, it does not invalidate it [the prayer].
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to count verses or glorifications with the hand during prayer, and similarly counting chapters, because that is not among the actions of prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in killing a snake or scorpion during prayer, based on the Prophet's saying, 'Kill the two black ones even if you are in prayer.'
+ 29 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one sleeps through a prayer or forgets it and only remembers it while praying with the Imam, he should pray the current prayer with the Imam, then pray the one he remembered, and then repeat the prayer he performed with the Imam.
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever prays Asr while remembering that he has not prayed Dhuhr, his Asr prayer is invalid, unless it is at the very end of the time for Asr.
Required (Wajib)Then uttering the word 'Salam' is Wajib according to us, and it is not Fard, contrary to Imam Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him).
+ 10 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(4 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm for an elderly woman to go out for Fajr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for them (women), meaning the young among them, to attend congregational prayers, due to the fear of temptation.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for women to pray in congregation by themselves.
+ 1 more ruling
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in praying missed (obligatory) prayers, performing the prostration of recitation, and praying the funeral prayer during these two times (after Fajr until sunrise, and after Asr until sunset).
Forbidden (Haram)Prayer is not permissible at sunrise, nor at its zenith at noon, nor at its setting.
Discouraged (Makruh)The intent of the aforementioned prohibition regarding the funeral prayer and prostration of recitation is dislike (karahah), such that if one prays it during these times (sunrise, zenith, sunset) or recites a verse of prostration and prostrates, it is permissible (valid).
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in praying facing the back of a sitting man who is talking.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in praying with a suspended Mushaf or a suspended sword in front of him, because neither of them is worshipped.
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(97 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if it (the animal) had swelled or decomposed, they must repeat the prayers of three days and nights. This is according to Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him.
Discouraged (Makruh)The leftover water (su'r) of a cat is pure but disliked (makruh).
Forbidden (Haram)The leftover water (su'r) of predatory beasts is impure.
+ 94 more rulings
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(89 rulings)Required (Wajib)Blood and pus, if they exit the body and go beyond to a place subject to the ruling of purification (i.e., an external surface), break ablution.
Required (Wajib)Vomit that fills the mouth breaks ablution.
Required (Wajib)Whoever vomits or has a nosebleed during prayer should leave, perform ablution, and then continue their prayer, as long as they have not spoken.
+ 86 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(44 rulings)Zufar, may Allah have mercy on him, said that his tayammum becomes invalid.
Required (Wajib)Complete coverage (of the wiped areas) is necessary in the apparent narration, because it takes the place of Wudu.
Required (Wajib)One should intertwine the fingers and remove rings to complete the wiping.
+ 41 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(39 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If they perform ablution when the sun rises, it suffices them for the obligatory prayer of that time until the time of Dhuhr passes. This is according to Abu Hanifa and Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on them.
Forbidden (Haram)Sexual intercourse is forbidden (during the period of obligatory istibra').
Forbidden (Haram)And she (the menstruating woman) should not perform circumambulation (tawaf) of the Kaaba.
+ 36 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(22 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, a person in a state of minor ritual impurity (muhdith) should not touch the Mus'haf except with its cover.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Washing with water is better.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to touch it (the Mus'haf) with one's sleeve, which is the correct opinion.
+ 19 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(19 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)And what is obligatory (fard) in ghusl (ritual bath) are rinsing the mouth, sniffing water into the nose, and washing the rest of the body.
Required (Wajib)Ghusl becomes obligatory upon her due to the meeting of the circumcised parts.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is said that these four (ghusl for Friday, the two Eids, Arafah, and Ihram) are recommended (mustahabb).
+ 16 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(12 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the deceased intersex person was nearing puberty, neither a man nor a woman should be present at their washing, due to the possibility that they are male or female.
Required (Wajib)Whoever cried out after birth should be named, washed, and prayed over.
Forbidden (Haram)If an intersex person dies before their sex becomes clear, neither a man nor a woman should wash them, because the permissibility of washing is not established between men and women, so one must be cautious due to the possibility of unlawfulness.
+ 9 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)Once the female slave has circumcised them, she should be sold and her price returned to the public treasury, as she is no longer needed.
Required (Wajib)If an intersex person has no wealth, the Imam should purchase a female slave for them from the public treasury, as it is prepared for the needs of Muslims.
Required (Wajib)If an intersex person has wealth, a female slave should be purchased to circumcise them, because it is permissible for his slave to look at him, whether he is a man or a woman.
Transactions (Mu'amalat)34 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(680 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a garment became damaged (broken) by spreading it out and folding it, he must not sell it by Murabaha until he discloses the defect.
Forbidden (Haram)Muhammad said it is not permissible to sell real estate before taking possession, reverting to the general wording of the hadith and considering it analogous to movable property.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to sell real estate before taking possession, according to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf.
+ 677 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(288 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Likewise, he is allowed to deposit it (the capital).
Permissible (Mubah)And each of the partners in Mufawadah and 'Inan partnership is allowed to consign the capital to another for trade.
Forbidden (Haram)And partnership is not permissible if a specified amount of dirhams from the profit is stipulated for one of the partners.
+ 285 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(280 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he measures it to know its quantity.
Permissible (Mubah)And similarly, if the seller is an executor for a deceased person regarding what is permissible to sell, the same ruling applies for the reasons mentioned.
Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, if the seller is an agent for an absent person, the pre-emptor has the right to take the property from him if it is in his possession, because he is the contracting party.
+ 277 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(255 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one of them buys a commodity with his share of the debt, his partner has the right to guarantee from him a quarter of the debt.
Permissible (Mubah)And with the agent's debt, if it was against him alone, set-off occurs according to Abu Hanifa and Muhammad, because he possesses the right to waive it according to them.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he (the buyer) has a debt against both of them, set-off occurs with the principal's debt, not the agent's debt.
+ 252 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(168 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, crops and fresh fodder are included in the pawning of land.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to mortgage dirhams, dinars, things measured by volume, and things weighed.
Required (Wajib)If a guardian usurped and used a minor's mortgaged property for the minor's need until it perished in his hand, he guarantees it for the mortgagee but does not guarantee it for the minor, because using it for the minor's need is not considered transgression.
+ 165 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(163 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if the boy hires himself out, it is not permissible.
Required (Wajib)(If a child hires himself out and finishes the work) the agreed-upon wage is obligatory.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible for the paternal uncle (to hire out the child).
+ 160 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(138 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the partner who freed his share was wealthy, the other partner has a choice: he may free his own share, or he may claim from his partner the value of his share, or he may make the slave work to earn his freedom.
Required (Wajib)The value of the slave becomes obligatory (in cases where manumission is contingent upon invalid compensation, like wine).
Permissible (Mubah)If the mortgagor makes the mortgaged slave a mudabbar (a slave manumitted after the owner's death), the tadbir is valid by consensus.
+ 135 more rulings
Wills and Executorship (Wasaya)
الوصايا والوصاية(114 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to bequeath the service of one's slave and the residence of one's house for a known number of years, and it is also permissible to do so perpetually.
Permissible (Mubah)Likewise, the bequest of the revenue of a slave and a house is permissible.
Required (Wajib)If the ownership of the slave falls within one-third of the estate, he is to be handed over to the legatee to serve him.
+ 111 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(102 rulings)Required (Wajib)And according to Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioning perpetuity is a condition (for a waqf).
Permissible (Mubah)However, according to Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him, the explicit mention of perpetuity is not a condition (for a waqf).
Permissible (Mubah)If a temporary cause is named (in the waqf), it is permissible, and thereafter it becomes for the poor, even if they are not explicitly named.
+ 99 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(92 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a principal appoints an agent to buy a specific item, it is not permissible for the agent to buy that item for himself.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless it reaches him (the first agent) and he ratifies it.
Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, if someone other than the agent sells something, and it reaches him (the principal/agent) and he ratifies it, it is permissible.
+ 89 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(86 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he reaches Baghdad, he is owed the agreed-upon wage, by way of juristic preference (istihsan).
Required (Wajib)The cost of returning a usurped item is on the usurper, because what is obligatory for him is to return and restore it to the owner's possession.
Permissible (Mubah)For if someone makes a severe tear in another's garment, the owner, if he wishes, may hand the garment over to him and he guarantees its full value, or if he wishes, he may keep the garment and he guarantees the reduction in its value.
+ 83 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(65 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The guardian may have recourse against the husband if he paid, provided it was by the husband's order, as is the custom in sureties.
Permissible (Mubah)The woman has the choice to demand the dower from her husband or her guardian, by analogy with other sureties.
Permissible (Mubah)If the guardian guarantees the dower, his guarantee is valid.
+ 62 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(57 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)However, in the case of Riba-based items, it is not possible to guarantee the decrease in value along with the restitution of the original, because that leads to Riba.
Forbidden (Haram)Selling it (gold or silver) for its own kind by estimation is not permissible due to the possibility of usury (riba).
Forbidden (Haram)If the detached silver is equal to or less than the silver in the item, or if it is unknown, the sale is not permissible due to riba or the possibility of it.
+ 54 more rulings
Public Finance, Taxation, and Spoils of War (Bayt al-Mal, Kharaj, Jizyah, Ghanima)
بيت المال والضرائب والغنائم(55 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a Harbi passes with two hundred dirhams and it is not known how much they take from us, we take a tenth from him.
Forbidden (Haram)We do not take from a small amount, even if they take from us for it.
Permissible (Mubah)Except if they (the Harbis) take from us for a similar amount.
+ 52 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(47 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, anything a sick person obligates upon themselves, such as a guarantee or suretyship, is subject to the ruling of a will (i.e., limited to one-third of the estate).
Required (Wajib)If the debt is not yet due, then the value [for which the guardian is liable] serves as collateral, because he is liable to the mortgagee for nullifying his respected right, so it becomes collateral with him.
Required (Wajib)If the value of the collateral is more than the debt, he [the guardian] pays the amount of the debt from the value to the mortgagee, and the surplus belongs to the orphan.
+ 44 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(39 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)In al-Jami' al-Saghir, if a veterinarian scarified an animal with a scalpel and it died, or a cupper cupped a slave by his master's order and the slave died, there is no liability upon him.
Required (Wajib)Thus, the one who handed it over is liable.
Required (Wajib)But if he could have done without him (the dependent), he is liable.
+ 36 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(27 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to take payment for stud service of a male goat (ʿasb al-tays).
Permissible (Mubah)In contrast, sale, lease, and mortgage are invalidated by invalid conditions.
Discouraged (Makruh)Only the sale of the weapon itself is disliked, not the sale of something that cannot be fought with except after it is manufactured.
+ 24 more rulings
Lost & Found (Luqata)
اللقطة(16 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)So it is permissible to benefit from it without announcing it.
Required (Wajib)Otherwise [if the owner does not come], he gives it in charity, delivering the right to its rightful owner, and that is obligatory as much as possible.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he wishes, he may keep it, hoping to find its owner.
+ 13 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(12 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not appropriate for the ruler to set prices for the people.
Permissible (Mubah)If food sellers control prices and excessively overcharge, and the judge is unable to protect the rights of Muslims except by setting prices, then there is no harm in doing so, with the consultation of people of sound judgment and insight.
Discouraged (Makruh)If (the interceptor) deceives the merchants about the town's prices, then it is disliked in both cases (whether it harms the public or not), because he has betrayed them.
+ 9 more rulings
Contractual Options
الخيارات العقدية(12 rulings)He (the authorized slave buyer) remains with his option according to Abu Hanifa (if the seller pardons him from the price during the option period).
The two disciples (Sahibayn) said the marriage is invalidated (if a man buys his wife with an option).
So the option is voided (in the case where the buyer swore 'if I buy, he is free').
+ 9 more rulings
+ 14 more topics in this category
worship15 topics
Sacrifices and Offerings
الأضاحي والعقائق والنُسُك(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever slaughters before the prayer must repeat his sacrifice.
Forbidden (Haram)However, it is not permissible for the people of cities to slaughter until the Imam has prayed the Eid prayer.
The time for the sacrifice (Udhiyah) begins at the dawn of the Day of Sacrifice.
+ 42 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(39 rulings)Required (Wajib)And regarding the emancipation of a shared slave, the statement is that of the one who emancipates.
Forbidden (Haram)If he feeds sixty poor people, each receiving a sa' of wheat, for two zihars, it is not sufficient except for one of them, according to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf.
Required (Wajib)And if someone said to his two slaves, 'One of you is free,' then injured one of them, and emancipation took effect for one of them, then the compensation for both injuries belongs to the master, because the emancipation did not specify an individual, while the injury affected a specific individual. Thus, they remained enslaved concerning the injury.
+ 36 more rulings
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(39 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And they should walk quickly with it, but not at a running pace.
Recommended (Sunnah)When they carry the deceased on their bier, they should hold its four corners; the Sunnah was transmitted with that.
Required (Wajib)Whoever is killed by way of hudud (prescribed punishment) or qisas (retaliation) is washed.
+ 36 more rulings
Jihad and Warfare Rulings
أحكام الجهاد والقتال(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And all wealth that is in his (the convert's) possession belongs to him, based on the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him: 'Whoever embraces Islam with wealth, it is his.'
Obligatory (Fard)Jihad is a communal obligation (fard kifayah); if a group of people undertakes it, it falls away from the rest.
Forbidden (Haram)If no one undertakes it, all people incur sin by neglecting it, because the obligation is upon everyone.
+ 33 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(33 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the Fajr adhan to be given in the last half of the night.
Required (Wajib)And it (the adhan) must be repeated within the prayer's time.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked (makruh) in other prayers (besides Fajr).
+ 30 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(33 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And according to Imam Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, if what is around the mosque is ruined and it is no longer needed, it reverts to the ownership of the builder or his heir after his death.
Forbidden (Haram)Night talk after Isha prayer is prohibited.
Forbidden (Haram)When an endowment (waqf) is valid, it is not permissible to sell it or transfer its ownership.
+ 30 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(22 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the follower recites an ayah of prostration, neither the Imam nor the follower prostrates during the prayer or after finishing it, according to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf.
Required (Wajib)They prostrate it after the prayer because its cause has been established.
Forbidden (Haram)If those in prayer hear a prostration (ayah) from a man who is not with them in prayer, they do not prostrate it during the prayer.
+ 19 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)When he pays its value, he owns it.
Discouraged (Makruh)Its sale after cutting is disliked because one acquires ownership through an act legally prohibited. If its sale were unrestricted, people would resort to similar actions. However, selling it is permissible with dislike.
Permissible (Mubah)So it is permissible to cut and graze it (Idhkhir).
+ 7 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever begins a voluntary prayer or a voluntary fast and then breaks it must make it up.
Obligatory (Fard)And intention is a condition in all acts of worship.
Permissible (Mubah)Representation (niyabah) is permissible in the first type (purely financial acts of worship, like zakat) both in cases of choice and necessity, because the objective is achieved by the action of the representative.
+ 7 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(4 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)When a man is dying, he should be faced towards the Qibla on his right side.
Preferred (Mustahabb)He should be prompted with the two testimonies of faith (Shahada), based on the Prophet's saying, 'Prompt your dying ones with 'There is no god but Allah'.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)When he dies, his jaw should be tied and his eyes closed.
+ 1 more ruling
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(4 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)They said: In our time, non-Arabs are in need of guidance, so abandoning that (marking) leads to a failure in memorization and abandonment of the Quran, thus it is good.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in giving the Mus'haf to children.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to add 'ta'sheer' (tenth-verse markers) and dots to the Mushaf.
+ 1 more ruling
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The principle in this chapter is that a person may dedicate the reward of his deed, whether it be prayer, fasting, charity, or other acts, to another, according to Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah.
Forbidden (Haram)A guardian should not fast or pray on behalf of the deceased, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): 'No one fasts on behalf of another, and no one prays on behalf of another.'
Permissible (Mubah)Acts of devotion (qurbah) may be performed on behalf of the deceased, such as giving charity, unlike emancipating a slave.
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)There is no objection to visiting a Jew or a Christian when they are sick.
Moon Sighting for Worship
رؤية الهلال للعبادات(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)And if there is no obstruction in the sky, the sighting is not accepted except with the testimony of a group of people whose report leads to certain knowledge, as we have mentioned.
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)And the ritual called 'Ta'rif' which people perform, which involves people gathering on the day of Arafah in certain places in imitation of those standing at Arafah, is nothing (i.e., invalid).
Zakat9 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(133 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He (the tithe collector) does not collect tithe on both of them (wine and pigs).
Required (Wajib)But a trustworthy person must be sent with him (the incompetent person) so that he does not spend it improperly.
Required (Wajib)However, the judge gives the amount of zakat to the incompetent person to disburse it to its recipients, because his intention is necessary as it is an act of worship.
+ 130 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(42 rulings)However, if one doubted and did not investigate, or investigated but in his strongest opinion the recipient was not eligible, then it is not sufficient unless he later ascertains that the person was poor; this is the correct view.
Required (Wajib)The scholars issued a fatwa that the Zakat taken by the Khawarij (from the payers) should be repaid (by the payers) regarding what is between them and Allah, but not the land tax (Kharaj).
Forbidden (Haram)Zakat's recipients are the poor, so it should not be given to the Khawarij.
+ 39 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(34 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for sugarcane and *dharira* reeds, the tenth is due on them.
Required (Wajib)And from him (Abu Yusuf), another narration mentions five *amna'* (as the *nisab* for honey).
And it is reported from him (Abu Yusuf) that nothing is due on it (honey) until it reaches ten waterskins.
+ 31 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(26 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he (the father) pays Sadaqat al-Fitr on behalf of his minor children.
Required (Wajib)He should give Sadaqat al-Fitr to enrich the poor so that their hearts may be free for prayer.
Required (Wajib)The obligation of Zakat al-Fitr is linked to the rising of dawn on the day of Eid al-Fitr.
+ 23 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one finds `rikaz` in the desert, it belongs to him, because it is not specifically in anyone's possession, so it is not considered treachery, and there is nothing (no khums) on it.
Required (Wajib)If the `rikaz` is of the pre-Islamic era, such as having an idol engraved on it, then one-fifth (khums) is due on it in all cases, as we have explained.
Required (Wajib)If one finds `rikaz` (i.e., buried treasure), one-fifth (khums) is obligatory on it according to them (the Hanafis).
+ 14 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(14 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)What is other than Zakat, from voluntary charity, may be given to him (the Dhimmi).
Forbidden (Haram)So, it is not permissible (valid) for undivided co-owned property that can be divided.
Forbidden (Haram)And there is no taking back in charity (sadaqah).
+ 11 more rulings
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(4 rulings)A `harbi` (a non-Muslim at war with the Islamic state) is generally not believed (regarding claims made to the tithe collector to avoid payment).
Or if he claims regarding boys with him that they are his children, he is believed.
A `harbi` is believed only if he claims regarding slave girls that they are mothers of his children (`umm walad`).
+ 1 more ruling
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no zakat on working animals, pregnant animals, or animals that are fed with fodder.
In the fourth chapter, which is if one claims to have paid the zakat on livestock themselves to the poor in the city, their claim is not accepted even if they swear.
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)In Al-Asl, it is stipulated – and this is a narration from Al-Hasan from Abu Hanifa – that for the truthfulness of a claim (regarding livestock and trade wealth) to be accepted, evidence (a receipt of discharge) must be produced.