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Sabbath Transgression

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Sabbath Transgression

تَجَاوُزُ السَّبْت

The Sabbath Transgression (تَجَاوُزُ السَّبْت) marks a pivotal event in the narrative of the Children of Israel, frequently recalled in the Quran as a profound lesson in obedience and trust in divine decrees. God had specifically enjoined upon them the observance of the Sabbath, a day dedicated to rest and spiritual reflection, abstaining from worldly labor. However, a particular community residing by the sea faced a unique trial: their fish would appear in abundance only on the Sabbath day [7:163]. Despite the clear divine injunction, some individuals devised cunning ways to circumvent the command, effectively "fishing" on the holy day and thus transgressing the solemn covenant they had made [4:154]. This act of deliberate disobedience, driven by worldly desire over spiritual commitment, led to a severe divine consequence. The Quran recounts that [We said to them, "Be apes, despised"], a transformation serving as a stark punishment. More broadly, this event was intended as [a deterrent punishment for those who were present and those who succeeded [them] and a lesson for those who fear Allah]. For believers, the story of the Sabbath Transgression serves as a timeless reminder of the sanctity of divine commands and the profound importance of sincerity in fulfilling one's covenant with God.

Quran 4 verses

وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱعْتَدَوْا۟ مِنكُمْ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا۟ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ

Wa laqad 'alimtumul lazeena'-tadaw minkum fis Sabti faqulnaa lahum koonoo qiradatan khaasi'een

And you had already known about those who transgressed among you concerning the sabbath, and We said to them, "Be apes, despised."

اور تم ان لوگوں کو خوب جانتے ہوں، جو تم میں سے ہفتے کے دن (مچھلی کا شکار کرنے) میں حد سے تجاوز کر گئے تھے، تو ہم نے ان سے کہا کہ ذلیل وخوار بندر ہو جاؤ

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This episode belongs to the time of Sayyidna Dawud (David (علیہ السلام Allah had appointed Saturday as the Sabt سبت ، or the sacred day, for the Israelites; it was specially set apart for prayers and worship, and hence fishing was prohibited on this day. But these people lived on the sea-shore, and ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And verily wa-la-qad the lām is for oaths you know that there were those among you who transgressed violated the Sabbath by fishing when We had forbidden you to do so — these were the inhabitants of Eilat — and We said to them ‘Be apes despised!’ rejected and they became so they died three days late...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews breach the Sanctity of the Sabbath Allah said, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ (And indeed you knew). This Ayah means, O Jews! Remember that Allah sent His torment on the village that disobeyed Him and broke their pledge and their covenant to observe the sanctity of the Sabbath. They began using deceit...

فَجَعَلْنَٰهَا نَكَٰلًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَمَا خَلْفَهَا وَمَوْعِظَةً لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ

Faja'alnaahaa nakaalal limaa baina yadihaa wa maa khalfahaa wa maw'izatal lilmuttaqeen

And We made it a deterrent punishment for those who were present and those who succeeded [them] and a lesson for those who fear Allah.

اور اس قصے کو اس وقت کے لوگوں کے لیے اور جو ان کے بعد آنے والے تھے عبرت اور پرہیز گاروں کے لیے نصیحت بنا دیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: This episode belongs to the time of Sayyidna Dawud (David (علیہ السلام Allah had appointed Saturday as the Sabt سبت ، or the sacred day, for the Israelites; it was specially set apart for prayers and worship, and hence fishing was prohibited on this day. But these people lived on the sea-shore, and ...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We made it this punishment an exemplary punishment a lesson to dissuade others from doing what they did; for all the former times and for the latter that is for the people of that time or those that came later; and an admonition to such as who fear God these are singled out for mention here beca...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews breach the Sanctity of the Sabbath Allah said, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ (And indeed you knew). This Ayah means, O Jews! Remember that Allah sent His torment on the village that disobeyed Him and broke their pledge and their covenant to observe the sanctity of the Sabbath. They began using deceit...

وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ ٱلطُّورَ بِمِيثَٰقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوا۟ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظًا

Wa rafa'naa fawqahumut Toora bimeesaaqihim wa qulnaa lahumud khulul baaba sujjadanw wa qulnaa lahum laa ta'doo fis Sabti wa akhaznaa minhum meesaaqan ghaleezaa

And We raised over them the mount for [refusal of] their covenant; and We said to them, "Enter the gate bowing humbly", and We said to them, "Do not transgress on the sabbath", and We took from them a solemn covenant.

اور ان سے عہد لینے کو ہم نے ان پر کوہ طور اٹھا کھڑا کیا اور انہیں حکم دیا کہ (شہر کے) دروازے میں (داخل ہونا تو) سجدہ کرتے ہوئے داخل ہونا اور یہ بھی حکم دیا کہ ہفتے کے دن (مچھلیاں پکڑنے) میں تجاویز (یعنی حکم کے خلاف) نہ کرنا۔ غرض ہم نے ان سے مضبوط عہد لیا

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: Some previous verses censured Jews for their mistrustfulness in matters of faith. In the present verses too, there appears a long list of some of their other evil doings and, because of these ugly problems with them, mention has been made of their punishment. This strain continues in many more verse...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And We raised above them the Mount by the covenant with them that is on account of the covenant made with them that they might fear and so they accepted it; and We said to them while it cast a shadow hovering above them ‘Enter the gate the gate of the town bowing’; and We said to them ‘Transgress no...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Stubbornness of the Jews Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qatadah said that the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to cause a book to come down to them from heaven, just as the Tawrah was sent down to Musa. Ibn Jurayj said that the Jews asked the Messenger to cause books to come down t...

وَسْـَٔلْهُمْ عَنِ ٱلْقَرْيَةِ ٱلَّتِى كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ ٱلْبَحْرِ إِذْ يَعْدُونَ فِى ٱلسَّبْتِ إِذْ تَأْتِيهِمْ حِيتَانُهُمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا وَيَوْمَ لَا يَسْبِتُونَ لَا تَأْتِيهِمْ كَذَٰلِكَ نَبْلُوهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْسُقُونَ

Was'alhum 'anil qaryatil latee kaanat haadiratal bahri iz ya'doona fis Sabt iz taateehim heetaanuhum yawma Sabtihim shurra'anw wa yawma laa yasbitoona laa taateehim; kazaalika nabloohum bimaa kaanoo yafsuqoon

And ask them about the town that was by the sea - when they transgressed in [the matter of] the sabbath - when their fish came to them openly on their sabbath day, and the day they had no sabbath they did not come to them. Thus did We give them trial because they were defiantly disobedient.

اور ان سے اس گاؤں کا حال تو پوچھو جب لب دریا واقع تھا۔ جب یہ لوگ ہفتے کے دن کے بارے میں حد سے تجاوز کرنے لگے (یعنی) اس وقت کہ ان کے ہفتے کے دن مچھلیاں ان کے سامنے پانی کے اوپر آتیں اور جب ہفتے کا دن نہ ہوتا تو نہ آتیں۔ اسی طرح ہم ان لوگوں کو ان کی نافرمانیوں کے سبب آزمائش میں ڈالنے لگے

Commentary

Ma'arif-ul-Quran: The detailed discussion of the events contained in the above verses have been produced in Surah Al-Baqarah (under verses 58-60). Those interested may refer to those verses for details. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has been asked to warn the Israelites present in his time by reminding them the events related i...
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: And question them O Muhammad (s) in rebuke about the city that was by the sea bordering the Red Sea bahr al-qulzum and this was Eilat about what befell its inhabitants how they would transgress violate the Sabbath by fishing which they had been commanded not to do on that day; how idh is an adverbia...
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): The Jews transgress the Sanctity of the Sabbath This Ayah explains Allah's statement, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَواْ مِنكُمْ فِى السَّبْتِ (And indeed you knew those among you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath..) 2:65 Allah says to His Prophet here, وَسْئَلْهُمْ (And ask them) ...

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