Shafi'i School
المذهب الشافعي
Founded by Imam al-Shafi'i (767-820 CE). Predominant in Southeast Asia and East Africa.
5,763 rulings across 129 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(26 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a man to wear a silver ring and to adorn weapons of war such as a sword, spear, and belt, but not items he does not wear, like a saddle or bridle, according to the soundest opinion.
Required (Wajib)And he is commanded to wear a distinctive garment (ghiyar) and a belt (zunnar) over his clothes.
Required (Wajib)And if he enters a bathhouse where there are Muslims, or if he undresses, a ring of iron or lead or similar is placed around his neck.
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to look at a young girl, except for her private parts (which are forbidden to look at).
Permissible (Mubah)For the husband, it is permissible to look at all of his wife's body.
Forbidden (Haram)Whenever looking is forbidden, touching is also forbidden.
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Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(7 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And perfuming and adorning oneself are recommended, like for Friday prayer.
Recommended (Sunnah)And it is sunnah to adorn oneself with the best of one's clothes and perfume (for Friday prayer).
Recommended (Sunnah)And (it is sunnah) to remove nails (trim them) and bad odor (for Friday prayer).
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Family Law12 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(359 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)If he intends to marry her, it is Sunnah to look at her before proposing, even if she does not give permission.
Required (Wajib)If she was a female slave, then the more correct view is the obligation to mention the inability to afford a free woman and the fear of falling into sin.
Required (Wajib)Rather, he says, 'I married her with a sound guardian and two just witnesses and her consent if it is stipulated.'
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(328 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A stranger can appoint her (the wife) as an agent (for khul'), and then she has the choice.
Permissible (Mubah)Her agent (wakil) can perform khul' for her.
Permissible (Mubah)The khul' (divorce for compensation) by a stranger (paying on the wife's behalf) is valid, even if the wife dislikes it, and it is like her own khul' in wording and ruling.
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Inheritance
الميراث(183 rulings)The daughter, mother, and wife are not excluded.
The son of a paternal uncle (from father's side) is excluded by these (the previous list) and the son of a full paternal uncle.
The son of a full paternal uncle is excluded by these (the previous list) and a paternal uncle.
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(73 rulings)If one of the two heirs acknowledges and the other denies, and the deceased is not inherited except by the acknowledger, then the lineage is established.
If the apparent heir is blocked by the acknowledged person (e.g., a brother acknowledges a son for the deceased), the lineage is established, but there is no inheritance for the acknowledged son.
Forbidden (Haram)And he does not own any money buried beneath it (the foundling).
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(68 rulings)Required (Wajib)So when it (pregnancy) becomes apparent, it (sustenance) becomes obligatory day by day.
Required (Wajib)The cost of water for ghusl after intercourse and postpartum bleeding (is obligatory).
And it (sustenance for the waiting period) does not drop with the passage of time, according to the (Shafi'i) school.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(49 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Mourning is recommended for a woman in iddah after an irrevocable divorce, and in one opinion, it is obligatory.
Forbidden (Haram)Mourning involves refraining from wearing dyed clothes for adornment, even if the fabric is coarse.
Permissible (Mubah)It is said that it is permissible to wear clothes made from yarn that was dyed before weaving.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(37 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Therefore, they (the foster father's co-wives or umm walads who also produced milk) become forbidden for the foster child to marry because they are women with whom his foster father had sexual relations.
Permissible (Mubah)Administering milk by enema (huqnah) does not establish fosterage, according to the more apparent opinion.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to administer milk to a child orally (ijar) or nasally (is'at) in a way that establishes fosterage, according to the madhhab.
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(20 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)It is a condition to specify what is being bequeathed; if one only says "I have appointed you," it is invalid.
Permissible (Mubah)Both the testator and the executor may revoke the appointment whenever they wish.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to make a will bequeathing his person (i.e., the slave under a defective Kitabah contract).
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(16 rulings)If he (the master) empties a room in his house and tells the husband to be secluded with her (the slave wife) in it, it is not obligatory for him (the husband) to do so, according to the sounder opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)The master has the right to travel with her (the female slave).
Permissible (Mubah)The claim of umm walad (enslavement with childbearing) is established, but not the lineage of the child or their freedom, according to the more apparent opinion.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He should not sell the minor's real estate except out of necessity or clear benefit.
Required (Wajib)The guardian must act in the minor's best interest.
Required (Wajib)He should build his houses with clay and baked bricks, not unbaked bricks and gypsum.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden for him (the father/grandfather) to have intercourse with his child's slave woman.
Required (Wajib)The Madhab holds that a dowry is obligatory for her (the slave woman with whom unlawful intercourse occurred).
Required (Wajib)Her (the slave woman's) value is due upon him (the father/grandfather), along with a dowry, but not the child's value, according to the sounder opinion.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Whoever travels alone without her husband's permission is considered disobedient (`nashizah`).
Fasting (Sawm)6 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(62 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one reaches puberty during the day while fasting, it is obligatory to complete that day's fast without needing to make it up.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for one who broke the fast intentionally or forgot the intention (for fasting) to make it up.
Required (Wajib)If it (the moon sighting) was not obligatory on the other town, and someone travels there from the town of sighting, the soundest opinion is that he conforms with them in fasting at the end.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(30 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one vows to perform i'tikaf while fasting, or to fast while performing i'tikaf, both become obligatory on them, and the soundest opinion is the obligation of combining them.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to make up the times of exiting with excuses (during I'tikaf), except for the time of natural needs.
Permissible (Mubah)The continuity (of I'tikaf) is not broken by the exit of a regular muezzin to a minaret separate from the mosque for the Adhan, according to the sounder opinion.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(25 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The correct opinion is that if one intends to vomit (istīqā’a), even if he is certain that nothing returned to his stomach, his fast is broken.
Permissible (Mubah)If vomiting overcomes him, there is no harm (his fast is not broken).
Permissible (Mubah)Likewise, if one extracts phlegm and spits it out, according to the most correct opinion, his fast is not broken.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(23 rulings)Nor (is there kaffarah) for one who committed zina forgetfully.
Nor for a traveler who broke their fast by committing zina while taking the concession.
Required (Wajib)The kaffarah is on the husband, on his behalf (for his act).
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If someone dies after having the ability to make up missed fasts, their guardian does not fast on their behalf according to the new opinion. Instead, a mudd (measure) of food must be given from their estate for each day, and this also applies to vows and expiations.
Permissible (Mubah)If a stranger fasts on behalf of the deceased with the guardian's permission, it is valid, but not if done independently (without permission) according to the sounder opinion.
If someone misses any days of Ramadan fasting and dies before having the opportunity to make them up, there is no make-up required for them and no sin.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)As for a pregnant or breastfeeding woman, if they break their fast fearing for themselves, making up the fast is obligatory without fidyah. If they fear for the child, fidyah is obligatory on them according to the most apparent and sound opinion.
Food & Drink2 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(54 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And he sends blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH).
Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not say 'In the name of Allah and the name of Muhammad'.
Recommended (Sunnah)And that he says 'Bismillah' (in the name of Allah).
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(40 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He is not lashed while in a state of intoxication.
Permissible (Mubah)It is sufficient in a confession or testimony (to state that he) 'drank khamr'.
Forbidden (Haram)He is not lashed based on the smell of khamr, or intoxication, or vomit.
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Hajj & Umrah4 topics
General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(81 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And one should enter it (Mecca) through the pass of Kadā'.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Then he enters the mosque through the Gate of Banu Shaybah.
Obligatory (Fard)It (Hajj) is an obligation (fard), and so is Umrah according to the more apparent opinion.
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Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(73 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then he shaves or shortens his hair.
Required (Wajib)And a woman shortens (her hair).
Recommended (Sunnah)And one should cut off the Talbiyah (chant) at the beginning of the throwing (of pebbles).
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(48 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not kiss or touch the two Syrian corners of the Kaaba.
Recommended (Sunnah)One should touch the Yemeni Corner but not kiss it.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is sunnah to say at the beginning of one's tawaf: "In the name of Allah, Allah is the Greatest, O Allah, [I do this] out of faith in You, and belief in Your Book, and fulfillment of Your covenant, and following the Sunnah of Your Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him."
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(25 rulings)The compensatory sacrifice (dam) obligated by committing a forbidden act or abandoning an obligatory act is not restricted to a specific time.
Required (Wajib)The dam for missing (Hajj, Al-Fawat) is like the dam for Tamattu', and it should be slaughtered during the make-up Hajj, according to the soundest opinion.
Required (Wajib)The soundest opinion is that the compensatory sacrifice (dam) for abandoning a commanded act, such as entering Ihram from the Miqat, is a sequenced dam: if one is unable (to slaughter), he should buy food with the value of a sheep and give it as charity; if he is still unable, he should fast one day for every mudd.
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halal_and_haram_food1 topic
Auto-cannibalism in Dire Need
أكل جزء من النفس للضرورة(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)I say the more sound opinion is its permissibility (to cut off a part of oneself for food), provided there is no carrion or similar available, and the risk in cutting it off is less. And it is forbidden to cut it off for another or from an inviolable person.
Judicial Matters18 topics
Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(244 rulings)Required (Wajib)Hearing is like sight; qisas is obligatory for it (if it is lost) due to the injury.
Required (Wajib)And similarly, qisas is obligatory for the faculty of grip, taste, and smell, according to the soundest opinion.
Required (Wajib)For a slave fetus, the compensation is one-tenth of its mother's value on the day of the crime and before the abortion, and this compensation belongs to her master.
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Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(83 rulings)Required (Wajib)Likewise, if the crops were in an enclosure with a gate that the owner left open, he is liable, according to the more correct opinion.
Required (Wajib)If a cat damages birds or food, and this is customary for it, its owner is liable, according to the more correct opinion, day and night.
Otherwise, he is not liable, according to the more correct opinion.
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Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(52 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever steals from the public treasury: if the money was allocated for a group of which he is not a member, he is cut. Otherwise, the soundest opinion is that if he has a right in the stolen property, such as public interest funds or charity, and he is poor, then there is no cutting; otherwise, he is cut.
If he (the thief) owned it by inheritance or other means before taking it from the secured place, or if it decreased below the minimum amount (nisab) by eating or other means, he is not cut.
And similarly, if he claims ownership of the item, according to the text, he is not cut.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(49 rulings)If we accept the interpretation as a deposit, then the soundest view is that it is a trust, so his claim of destruction after admission and his claim of return are accepted.
Permissible (Mubah)If the confessor retracts his statement during the period of denial by the one in whose favor the confession was made, and says, 'I made a mistake,' his retraction is accepted, according to the soundest opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)If the one in whose favor the confession was made (al-muqarr lahu) denies the confessor's claim, the money is left in the confessor's possession, according to the soundest opinion.
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(38 rulings)Similarly, there is no hadd punishment for intercourse with his married female slave or his female slave in her 'iddah period.
Similarly, there is no hadd punishment for intercourse with his female slave who is a mahram (unmarriageable kin), or with someone under duress, according to the more apparent opinion.
Similarly, there is no hadd punishment for every situation deemed permissible by a scholar, such as a marriage without witnesses, according to the sound opinion.
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(26 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Their fleeing, severely wounded, and captives are not to be killed.
Forbidden (Haram)Their captives, even if a child or a woman, are not to be released until the war ends and their forces disperse.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless they obey voluntarily.
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Nor does he squander wealth by tolerating excessive fraud in transactions, or by throwing it into the sea, or by spending it on forbidden things.
Forbidden (Haram)If (it is possible to repel) by hitting with a hand, then a whip is forbidden.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to specify its location and extent to enable `qisas` (retaliation).
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)So if some of them request it, and his debt is of an amount that warrants interdiction, then interdiction is imposed.
Required (Wajib)And interdiction is imposed upon the request of the bankrupt person himself, according to the more correct view.
Required (Wajib)And witnesses should be brought to his interdiction so that people are warned.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a stranger states that the defendant appointed him as an agent for settlement and the defendant admits to the plaintiff's claim, then the settlement is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If the stranger settles for himself in this situation (where the defendant admits), the settlement is valid, and it is as if he bought the item.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not valid using the word 'sale'.
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(15 rulings)Required (Wajib)His property is to be rented out, and his mukātab (slave under contract to buy freedom) pays installments to the judge.
The madhab's view is that the apostasy of an intoxicated person is valid, and so is his embracing Islam.
Required (Wajib)If he says, 'I was under duress,' and there is circumstantial evidence, such as being captured by disbelievers, he is to be believed with his oath; otherwise, he is not.
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Hadd Punishment for Highway Robbery
حد قطاع الطرق (المحاربة)(13 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)If he killed, he is definitely killed.
Obligatory (Fard)If he killed and took property, he is killed, then crucified for three days, then taken down.
Required (Wajib)Whoever assists them (highway robbers) and their group grows in number, is punished with imprisonment, exile, and other discretionary punishments.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(13 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the master chooses to ransom the slave, the more correct opinion is that he has the right to retract the ransom and surrender the slave (for sale).
Permissible (Mubah)If the slave commits a second crime before the first ransom is paid, the master may sell him for both crimes or ransom him with the lesser of his value and the sum of the two compensations.
Permissible (Mubah)If the master ransomed the slave, and then the slave committed another crime, the master must surrender him for sale or ransom him again.
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Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(11 rulings)Required (Wajib)The accuser of a chaste person (muhsan) is liable for a hadd punishment, and others (accusers of non-muhsan) are subject to discretionary punishment (ta'zir).
If the slandered person independently carries out the punishment (for slander), it is not valid.
Required (Wajib)If two people slander each other, their punishments are not mutually offset.
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Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(11 rulings)Required (Wajib)Qisas (retaliation) by killing or cutting takes precedence over Zina.
Required (Wajib)The lashes are to be distributed over the limbs.
Required (Wajib)If punishments owed to Allah and people combine, the hadd for slander (Qadhf) is given precedence over Zina, and Zina over the hadd for drinking.
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Discretionary Punishment (Ta'zir)
التعزير(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)Discretionary punishment (Ta'zir) is applied for every sin that has no prescribed legal punishment (hadd) or expiation (kaffarah), by imprisonment, beating, slapping, or reprimand. The Imam should exercise ijtihad in determining its type and extent.
Forbidden (Haram)If the one entitled to a hadd punishment forgives, there is no discretionary punishment (ta'zir) for the Imam, according to the sounder opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)Or if it is a discretionary punishment (ta'zir), then the Imam has the right (to apply it even if the victim forgives), according to the sounder opinion.
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Hadd Punishment for Intoxicants
حد المسكرات(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a drunkard is beaten with sandals and clothes, there is no liability, according to the sound opinion.
Required (Wajib)Similarly, if more than forty lashes are inflicted (on a drunkard), according to the famous opinion, a portion of the blood money proportional to the excess number is obligatory.
Types of Homicide
أنواع القتل(2 rulings)If the poison usually kills and its condition is known (to the one who applied it), then the person who applied it is a partner in killing himself.
If the poison used for treatment does not usually kill, then it is considered semi-intentional homicide (shibh 'amd).
Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)And it is permissible for its (the mixed pigeons') owner to deal with them, according to the soundest opinion.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(483 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the quorum is reduced (due to retraction), and the remaining witnesses do not exceed it, then it is distributed proportionally (among the retracting witnesses).
Permissible (Mubah)He is not demanded to clarify if we believe him in his ignorance.
If he said, "I intended among you some of them," it is not accepted outwardly, according to the soundest opinion.
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he is unable to perform it (due to infirmity), he must appoint someone else to perform it on his behalf.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to hasten its performance at the earliest opportunity.
Required (Wajib)If he was able to perform it but delayed, and then died, Hajj must be performed from his wealth.
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other15 topics
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(95 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he says, "Whenever you wish," then the wish can be delayed.
Required (Wajib)Then the madhab's position is that he (the slave) is to be taken away and becomes free.
Permissible (Mubah)The master has the right to revoke it (the defective manumission contract).
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Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(86 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The soundest opinion is that the transportation costs come from the fifth of the fifth allocated for public interests, if it (the transport) was awarded as a special grant from what will be gained in this battle.
Required (Wajib)The four-fifths, both real estate and movable property, are for those who gained the spoils (ghanimeen), and they are those who attended the battle with the intention of fighting, even if they did not physically fight.
Forbidden (Haram)There is nothing (no share of spoils) for someone who attended after the battle ended.
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Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(62 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The contract (for jizyah) is not valid if it is temporary, according to the madhhab.
Required (Wajib)An explicit word of acceptance (from the non-Muslim) is required for the jizyah contract.
Required (Wajib)If a non-Muslim is found in our land and claims to have entered to hear the word of Allah, or as a messenger, or with a security guarantee from a Muslim, he is to be believed.
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Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(25 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the thoroughfare is for horsemen and caravans, then the extension must be raised high enough for a camel's litter, including its canopy timbers, to pass beneath it.
Required (Wajib)Rather, it is a condition that the height of such an extension is sufficient for a person to pass under it standing upright.
Forbidden (Haram)No wing of a building or covered passage that harms passersby should be extended into a public thoroughfare.
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Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(24 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he took it for ownership, then the cost is obligatory upon him.
He is not obliged to bear the cost of publicizing (a found item) if he took it for preservation.
Required (Wajib)Rather, the judge arranges for its expense from the public treasury or takes a loan on behalf of the owner.
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Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(24 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Dancing is not forbidden unless it involves effeminate movements, similar to the actions of an effeminate man.
Forbidden (Haram)Not with birds or wrestling, according to the more sound opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)Racing is valid with horses, and likewise with elephants, mules, and donkeys, according to the more apparent opinion.
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General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(15 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)And responding to a greeting for a group (is Fard Kifayah).
Discouraged (Makruh)A lowly profession, such as cupping, sweeping, or tanning, for someone for whom it is not befitting, diminishes his decorum (muru'ah).
Idols and musical instruments (used for amusement) do not require anything for their destruction (i.e., no compensation is due for their destruction).
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(15 rulings)If he (a Kitabi) converts to idolatry, he is not upheld (in his new religion).
If a Christian converts to Judaism or vice versa, he is not upheld (in his new religion) according to the more apparent opinion.
Discouraged (Makruh)And we may allude to it (killing the claimant) to him, not state it explicitly.
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Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(8 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is permissible to use any pure vessel, except for gold and silver, for which it is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)And similarly, possessing them (gold and silver vessels) is forbidden, according to the soundest opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)Gilded (vessels) are permissible, according to the soundest opinion.
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Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(5 rulings)The conditions for coercion are: the coercer's ability to fulfill the threat (by authority or dominance), the coerced person's inability to repel it (by fleeing or other means), and his belief that if he resists, the threat will be carried out.
Required (Wajib)If one is not in dire need himself, it is obligatory for him to feed a Muslim or Dhimmi who is in dire need. If the owner refuses, the one in dire need may compel him, even if it leads to killing him.
Permissible (Mubah)If he prefers a Muslim (over a non-Muslim when both are in dire need of food), it is permissible.
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Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for a person to provide fodder and water for their animals.
Required (Wajib)For non-edible animals, if a person refuses to feed them, he is compelled to either sell them or feed them.
Forbidden (Haram)One must not milk an animal in a way that harms its offspring.
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Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)Circumcision of a woman is obligatory by removing a part of the flesh at the top of the vulva.
Recommended (Sunnah)Medical treatment is sunnah.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to compel someone to undergo medical treatment.
Travel Rulings
أحكام السفر(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a ship is about to sink, it is permissible to throw its cargo overboard.
Preferred (Mustahabb)For a Muslim in Dar al-Kufr (land of disbelief), if he is able to openly practice his religion, emigration (hijra) is recommended for him; otherwise, it is obligatory if he is able to perform it.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to throw cargo if there is hope for the passenger's survival.
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)An able-bodied person is obliged to earn their own living, according to the most correct view.
Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)The sound opinion is the permissibility of narrating a hadith based on a preserved written text one possesses.
Prayer (Salah)7 topics
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(252 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And it is Sunnah to deliver two sermons after it (the prayer), whose pillars are like those of the Friday prayer.
Forbidden (Haram)If the animal is moving, it is not permissible (to pray an obligatory prayer).
Permissible (Mubah)If one prays an obligatory prayer on an animal, faces the Qibla, and completes bowing and prostrating while the animal is stationary, it is permissible.
+ 249 more rulings
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(232 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)The individual praying alone should add: "O Allah, to You I have bowed, in You I have believed, to You I have submitted. My hearing, my sight, my brain, my bones, my nerves, and what my feet have carried have humbled themselves to You."
Discouraged (Makruh)The Imam should not add to this (recitation of "Subhan Rabbi al-'Adhim" three times).
Permissible (Mubah)If one prostrates on something connected to him, it is permissible if it does not move with his movement.
+ 229 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(44 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)He (the owner) is given precedence over his residing slave, but not over his mukātab (slave with a manumission contract) on his property.
It is not valid for one to follow someone whose prayer is known or believed to be invalid.
Required (Wajib)According to the soundest opinion, they (the followers) must repeat the Isha prayer, except for their imam who must repeat the Maghrib prayer (in a specific case where the purity of water was doubted).
+ 41 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)Similarly, if he doubts in both cases (missing a prostration from the last or other rak'ah, he must make up the required action).
Required (Wajib)If he knows during the standing of the second (rak'ah) that he missed a prostration, then if he had sat after his (first) prostration, he should prostrate.
Required (Wajib)Otherwise (if he remembers after reaching a similar point), his rak'ah is completed by it, and he makes up the remainder (of the prayer).
+ 11 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(12 rulings)Required (Wajib)If his ijtihad changes, he acts according to the second ijtihad.
Permissible (Mubah)No making up is required, even if he prayed four rak'ahs facing four different directions based on ijtihad; no making up is required.
Required (Wajib)If someone prayed based on ijtihad and then became certain of his error, he must make up the prayer (qada'), according to the more apparent opinion.
+ 9 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(5 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to combine prayers due to rain by performing them early.
Forbidden (Haram)The new opinion prohibits delaying prayers due to rain.
Required (Wajib)The condition for early combination (due to rain) is the presence of rain at the beginning of the first prayer, and the sounder opinion is that its presence is a condition at the salam of the first prayer.
+ 2 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)One who prays inside the Kaaba and faces its wall or its door (whether closed or open, with the threshold raised two-thirds of a cubit), or on its roof facing part of its structure (as mentioned earlier for facing a wall/door), his prayer is valid.
Forbidden (Haram)The correct opinion is that passing in front of a praying person in such a situation is forbidden.
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(69 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he needs to move around (to search for water), he moves around within the extent of his sight.
Required (Wajib)For someone who finds neither water nor dust, it is obligatory for him, according to the new opinion, to pray the obligatory prayer and then repeat it.
Required (Wajib)If he is in a state of minor impurity, the soundest opinion is that tayammum is conditioned to be at the time of washing the affected limb.
+ 66 more rulings
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(53 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And its sunnahs include using a miswak horizontally with any coarse object, not one's finger, according to the sounder opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)Touching a young child, hair, teeth, or nails does not break wudu, according to the soundest opinion.
Discouraged (Makruh)And using the miswak is not disliked except for a fasting person after zawal (midday).
+ 50 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)I say the soundest opinion among researchers is absolute exemption (for small amounts of flea blood and fly excrement).
Permissible (Mubah)Street mud that is certainly impure is excused, especially for what is generally difficult to avoid.
Forbidden (Haram)However, if one carries something that was purified with istijmar (and still has impurity remaining but excused for the spot), the prayer is invalidated, according to the soundest opinion.
+ 40 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(40 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If one uses what one believes to be pure (after ijtihad), one should pour out the other (suspect) water.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And combining water and stone for Istinja' is better.
Recommended (Sunnah)When entering the toilet, one should put their left foot forward, and when exiting, their right foot.
+ 37 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(29 rulings)Required (Wajib)And similarly, the supererogatory prayers (must be prayed by a woman who is confused about her menstrual cycle, as part of exercising caution), according to the more sound opinion.
Required (Wajib)And she must always pray the obligatory prayers (as part of exercising caution for a woman who is confused about her menstrual cycle).
Forbidden (Haram)And recitation (of Quran) outside of prayer is forbidden (for a woman who is confused about her menstrual cycle, as part of exercising caution).
+ 26 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And its most complete form is to remove filth, then perform wudu.
Recommended (Sunnah)And it is sunnah that the water for wudu' not be less than a mudd, and for ghusl not less than a sa'.
And whoever has impurity on them, washes it then performs ghusl, and one wash is not sufficient for both. And similarly in wudu'.
+ 15 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(5 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) or a menstruating woman may wash the deceased without it being disliked.
Forbidden (Haram)The person washing the deceased should not look at any part of their body except what is necessary, apart from the private parts (awrah).
Required (Wajib)For one whose washing is not possible, tayammum should be performed for them.
+ 2 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(4 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to hasten circumcision on the seventh day; if he is too weak to bear it, it is delayed.
Required (Wajib)Whoever circumcises someone at an age they cannot bear is subject to qisas (retribution), except for a parent.
Required (Wajib)And the circumcision of a man is by cutting what covers his glans after puberty.
+ 1 more ruling
Transactions (Mu'amalat)24 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(258 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the most correct opinion is that describing it with the characteristics of a salam (forward) sale is not sufficient (for a standard spot sale).
Permissible (Mubah)And seeing (the item) before the contract is sufficient for items that do not usually change until the time of the contract, but not for items that usually change.
Forbidden (Haram)And the most apparent opinion is that the sale of an unseen item is not valid.
+ 255 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(114 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If construction has taken place on the wall (after agreement for compensation), the owner of the wall has no right to demolish it under any circumstances.
Forbidden (Haram)The owner cannot be compelled to allow another party to place beams on his wall.
Required (Wajib)The sounder opinion is that the owner of the seeds is compelled to remove the crop.
+ 111 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(98 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And for what he is not obligated to do (personally), he may hire someone for it.
Required (Wajib)And he is obligated to perform customary actions, such as folding clothes and weighing light items like gold and musk, but not heavy goods and the like.
Forbidden (Haram)And he must not spend from it (the capital) on himself while at home, and similarly while traveling, according to the preponderant opinion.
+ 95 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(97 rulings)Required (Wajib)A third opinion is that the partner/joint worker is liable, which applies to someone who committed to a task as a general obligation.
When the renter takes possession of an animal or a house and holds it until the rental period expires, the rent becomes settled even if he did not utilize it.
Permissible (Mubah)If the owner permits the renter to spend from his own money for the rented item with the intention of claiming it back, it is permissible according to the more apparent opinion.
+ 94 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(92 rulings)Required (Wajib)It (the pawned item) is a trust in the pawnee's hand, and nothing of his debt is waived if it is destroyed.
Required (Wajib)If the pawnee requests the sale of the pawned item and the pledgor refuses, the judge obligates him to either repay the debt or sell it. If he persists in his refusal, the judge sells it.
Forbidden (Haram)If a condition to prevent its sale is stipulated, the pledge is not valid.
+ 89 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(78 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It has been said that the transferee has recourse against the transferor if the solvency of the drawee was stipulated as a condition.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to make a loan conditional on returning an intact item in place of a broken one, or with an increase.
Permissible (Mubah)If there is a debt upon someone who is not refusing payment, he (the creditor) demands it from him.
+ 75 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(71 rulings)Required (Wajib)Otherwise (if Qisas is not applied or the killer is not equivalent), the value (of the Mukatab) is taken.
Permissible (Mubah)He (the Mukatab) may act independently in any transaction that does not involve donation or significant risk.
Forbidden (Haram)According to the more sound opinion, if a slave is not authorized for trade, his purchase without his master's permission is not valid.
+ 68 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(58 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)However, if the agent denied the agency intentionally and without a valid reason (no compensation), he is dismissed.
Permissible (Mubah)The same applies if the agent named the principal, but the seller denied it, according to the soundest opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)The same applies if the agent made the purchase based on his own liability and did not name the principal.
+ 55 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(54 rulings)He owns the rent and its fruits, such as fruit, wool, and milk, and likewise, the offspring of an endowed animal, according to the soundest opinion.
Its benefits are owned by the beneficiary, who may utilize them himself or through others by lending or leasing.
The more apparent opinion is that the ownership of the endowed property's physical essence transfers to Allah Almighty, meaning it is freed from human ownership, so it belongs neither to the endower nor to the beneficiary.
+ 51 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(52 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is valid to guarantee the price during the option period (in a sale), according to the more correct opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)Guaranteeing blood money camels is valid, according to the more correct opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)I say the more correct opinion is that he is a guarantor for nine.
+ 49 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(44 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The owner may hold him liable, according to the sounder opinion, and then he may claim recourse from the oppressor.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for an agent or a trustee, after the owner demands the money, to say, 'I will not return the money except with witnesses,' according to the soundest opinion.
Forbidden (Haram)He is liable if they were lost due to negligence or sleep.
+ 41 more rulings
Contests, Prizes, and Reward Contracts (Musabaqat & Ju'alah)
المسابقات والجوائز وعقود الجعالة(33 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he (the one offering) nullifies before starting, or the worker nullifies after starting, then the worker gets nothing (it is forbidden for the worker to claim anything).
Required (Wajib)If the owner nullifies after starting, then he must pay a reasonable wage, according to the more sound opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)The owner has the right to increase or decrease the reward before completion.
+ 30 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(31 rulings)Required (Wajib)The most sound opinion is that the highest value from the time of usurpation until the unavailability of a like item is considered for compensation.
Required (Wajib)Non-fungible items are guaranteed by their highest value from the time of usurpation until their perishing.
Permissible (Mubah)However, if it fell due to an incidental gust of wind, he is not liable.
+ 28 more rulings
Wills and Executorship (Wasaya)
الوصايا والوصاية(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And (a will is valid) for an heir, according to the more apparent opinion, if the remaining heirs approve.
Permissible (Mubah)And a will for a specific item that equals their share is valid, and it requires the approval (of other heirs) according to the most correct opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)A will for benefits is valid, and likewise for fruits or offspring that will come into existence, according to the most correct opinion.
+ 18 more rulings
Lost & Found (Luqata)
اللقطة(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)One should publicize its type, description, quantity, container, and tie (i.e., identifying marks).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the judge to pick up (a lost animal that can defend itself from small predators in a wilderness) for safekeeping.
Forbidden (Haram)One who took a lost item with the intention of betrayal is not permitted to publicize it and own it, according to the madhhab.
+ 16 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(11 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)If food is sold for food, if they are of the same type, immediate exchange, equality, and taking possession before separation are stipulated. If they are of two types, like wheat and barley, disparity is permissible, but immediate exchange and taking possession are stipulated.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is forbidden to sell meat for an animal of the same species, and similarly for an animal of a different species, whether edible or not, in the most apparent opinion.
Required (Wajib)If one substitutes items that share the same cause for riba (interest), such as dirhams for dinars, it is a condition that the substitute be taken possession of in the same session.
+ 8 more rulings
Public Finance, Taxation, and Spoils of War (Bayt al-Mal, Kharaj, Jizyah, Ghanima)
بيت المال والضرائب والغنائم(9 rulings)If it is conquered by other means, she is not given to him, according to the more sound opinion.
If it is not conquered, he gets nothing.
Required (Wajib)If there was no slave girl in it, or she died before the contract, he gets nothing. If she died after the conquest but before delivery, compensation is obligatory.
+ 6 more rulings
Waqf Beneficiary Interpretation (Equality)
تفسير مستحقي الوقف (التسوية)(6 rulings)If one endows for "his mawali" (freed slaves), and he has both a freed male slave and a freed female slave, the endowment is divided between them.
If he says, "for my children, then the children of my children, then their children, those who descend from them," or "for my children and the children of my children, the eldest first," or "the first first," then it is for sequential arrangement.
If one states, "I have endowed for my children and the children of my children," it entails equality among all of them, as does adding "and those who descend from them" or "generation after generation."
+ 3 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(3 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)What is earned through mixing with impurity, such as from cupping or sweeping, is disliked (makruh).
Recommended (Sunnah)It is sunnah not to eat it and to feed it to one's slave and work animal.
Obligatory (Fard)And crafts, industries, and whatever sustains livelihoods (are also Fard Kifayah).
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he (the minor under interdiction) wishes to enter into a contract, the guardian should conclude it.
Forbidden (Haram)But financial transactions are not valid even with the guardian's permission, according to the soundest opinion.
Forbidden (Haram)Sales, purchases, manumission, gifts, and marriage by a person interdicted due to recklessness are not valid without the permission of their guardian.
+ 4 more topics in this category
worship18 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(60 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended that the grave be widened and deepened to the height of a person and an arm's length.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And the husband is prioritized over them (female relatives for washing his wife), according to the more sound opinion.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The most prioritized among women (for washing a female deceased) is a mahram, then a non-mahram woman, then male relatives, similar to the order for their prayer.
+ 57 more rulings
Jihad and Warfare Rulings
أحكام الجهاد والقتال(39 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to kill a monk, a hired worker, an old man, a blind person, and a chronically ill person who do not participate in fighting and have no opinion (in war matters), according to the more apparent opinion.
Permissible (Mubah)So they are enslaved, and their women and wealth are taken as spoils of war.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to besiege disbelievers in cities and fortresses, to release water upon them, to strike them with fire and catapults, and to launch a surprise attack on them at night.
+ 36 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(29 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Otherwise, if signs of life appeared, such as a twitch, prayer is performed for it, according to the more apparent opinion.
If someone dies with missed prayers or i'tikaf, they are not performed on their behalf, nor is there any expiation for them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Charity and supplication from an heir or a stranger benefit the deceased.
+ 26 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(26 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the child (slave) is earning, then the guardian must accept him, and he is freed, and his expenses are covered from his earnings. Otherwise, if the child is indigent, acceptance is obligatory, and his expenses are from the public treasury.
And the most sound opinion is the validity of its (the purchase of a slave during death illness by someone in debt) transaction, but he is not freed; rather, he is sold to cover the debt.
Required (Wajib)If he frees three (slaves) and owns nothing else, each valued at one hundred, and one of them earns one hundred, a lot is drawn.
+ 23 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(22 rulings)Required (Wajib)Its (Adhan's and Iqamah's) order and continuous recitation are conditions.
Discouraged (Makruh)(One should not raise his voice with the Adhan) in a mosque where a congregational prayer has already taken place.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And the new opinion is that it is recommended for the individual (praying alone) to make the call to prayer (Adhan).
+ 19 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(11 rulings)Required (Wajib)And similarly, the salutation (is a condition for Sujud al-Tilawah outside of prayer) according to the more apparent opinion.
Recommended (Sunnah)And it is Sunnah (to perform Sujud al-Shukr) for the sudden bestowal of a blessing.
Permissible (Mubah)If one performs a prostration of recitation (Sujud al-Tilawah) in prayer, it is definitely permissible on it (the riding animal).
+ 8 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(11 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This is not the case for travel for seeking knowledge that is a Fard Ain (individual obligation), and likewise for Fard Kifayah (collective obligation) according to the sounder opinion (meaning, parents' permission is not required for these types of travel).
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to say, "We have been rained upon by such and such constellation," and to curse the wind.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And after it (rain), to say, "We have been rained upon by the grace and mercy of Allah."
+ 8 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(9 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When one dies, their eyes should be closed, their jaw tied with a bandage, their joints softened, their entire body covered with a light cloth, and something heavy placed on their abdomen.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The dying person should be laid on their right side facing the Qibla, according to the correct opinion.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If this is difficult due to lack of space or similar reasons, they should be laid on their back with their face and the soles of their feet towards the Qibla.
+ 6 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(7 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)And enjoining good and forbidding evil (is also Fard Kifayah).
Required (Wajib)If the forbidden act can be removed by one's presence, then one must attend.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever commences a voluntary fast or prayer is permitted to break them, and there is no make-up required.
+ 4 more rulings
Sacrifices and Offerings
الأضاحي والعقائق والنُسُك(3 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And eating from it and giving charity are like the sacrificial animal for Eid.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is sunnah for it to be slaughtered on the seventh day of its birth, and for the child to be named on that day, and for its head to be shaved after its slaughter, and for charity to be given for the weight of its hair in gold or silver.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is sunnah to cook it and not to break its bones.
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(2 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is for the neighbors of the deceased's family to prepare food that suffices them for their day and night, and to urge them to eat.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to prepare food for wailing women.
Covering the Grave
ستر القبر(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to cover the grave with a cloth, even if the deceased is a man.
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(1 ruling)Recommended (Sunnah)It is Sunnah to drink Zamzam water.
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(1 ruling)Obligatory (Fard)And reviving the Kaaba every year by visiting it (is also Fard Kifayah).
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)If a man occupies a spot in a dedicated travelers' lodge (ribat), or a jurist in a madrasa, or a Sufi in a khanqah, he should not be dislodged, and his right to it is not nullified by his leaving to buy a necessity or similar items.
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to adorn a Mushaf (copy of the Quran) with silver, and similarly for a woman to adorn it with gold.
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(1 ruling)Recommended (Sunnah)And it should be tahneek-ed with dates.
Riding in Funeral Procession
الركوب في الجنازة(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)It is not disliked to ride (on an animal or vehicle) during the procession.
Zakat9 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(61 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the year completes and the value of the trade goods is less than the nisab, then according to the most correct opinion, a new year begins, the previous one is voided, and the trade goods become for personal use (qinyah) by intention.
Required (Wajib)Profit is added to the principal in the (zakat) year if it has not (yet) turned into cash, but not if it has turned into cash, according to the stronger opinion.
Required (Wajib)The most correct opinion is that if offspring are born from trade goods or fruits from trade property, their year is the year of the principal.
+ 58 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(47 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The most sound opinion is that one is given a choice between the two (types of sheep mentioned for Zakat).
Forbidden (Haram)I say that the most sound opinion is that it is forbidden (haram) to brand livestock on the face, and Al-Baghawi definitively stated this, and in Sahih Muslim, its doer is cursed.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is sunnah to brand the livestock of Zakat and Fay' (spoils) in a place where its hair is not abundant.
+ 44 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(41 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A person's poverty (for Zakat eligibility) is not negated by their dwelling, clothes, wealth absent two stages away, deferred wealth, or earnings inappropriate for them.
Forbidden (Haram)Nothing should be allocated to him from the share designated for those with manumission contracts (from Zakat funds).
Required (Wajib)Otherwise (if transfer is not permitted when some categories are missing), the Zakat is returned to the remaining eligible categories.
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Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(28 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The higher quality (food) is acceptable in place of the lower, but not vice-versa.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to give from the staple food of his locality.
Forbidden (Haram)The correct opinion forbids prepayment of Zakat al-Fitr before Ramadan.
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Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)The fruits and crops of one year are not combined with those of another year. However, fruits of the same year are combined with each other, even if their ripening times differ. Some say that if the second crop emerges after the harvest of the first, they are not combined. Two crops from the same year are combined, and the more apparent opinion considers the occurrence of their harvests within the same year.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible after both (dates show ripeness and grains harden).
Required (Wajib)One-tenth is obligatory on fruits and crops that are watered by rain or by their roots due to their proximity to water. For what is irrigated by drawing water, a waterwheel, or purchased water, half of that (one-twentieth) is obligatory. Canals are like rain according to the sound opinion. If it is watered equally by both methods, three-quarters (of the tenth) is obligatory.
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Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(6 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to give voluntary charity to a rich person and a non-believer.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for one not to give charity until he has paid off his debts or fulfilled the maintenance obligations of those he is responsible for.
Forbidden (Haram)The most correct opinion is that it is forbidden for him to give charity from what is needed for the maintenance of those he is obligated to support, or for a debt he does not hope to repay.
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Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)The finder only owns it (the Rikaz) and zakat becomes obligatory on him if he finds it in barren land or land he has revived.
Required (Wajib)Whoever extracts gold or silver from a mine owes one-quarter of a tenth (2.5%). One opinion states a fifth (20%), and another states that if it was obtained with effort, then a quarter of a tenth, otherwise a fifth.
Required (Wajib)The nisaab is a condition for both (gold and silver extracted from mines), but not the passage of a year, according to the madhab. Amounts are combined if the extraction work is continuous, and continuous acquisition is not a condition according to the new opinion.
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Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Zakat collector should be known for a month for collecting it.
Required (Wajib)A condition for the Zakat collector (sa'i) is that he must be free, just, and knowledgeable in the chapters of Zakat.
Permissible (Mubah)If a Zakat collector is specifically designated only for collection and distribution, knowledge of Zakat chapters is not required for him.
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)And its zakat is obligatory (for spoils of war, under specific conditions).