Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is sufficient to cover them with a thin garment that describes the color of the skin.
Forbidden (Haram)Spreading it out (silk/gold) is like wearing it in terms of prohibition.
Forbidden (Haram)The wearing of silk and gold is forbidden for the males of my Ummah, and permitted for their females.
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)One should use the siwak on his teeth and tongue.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should use the siwak horizontally.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to start with the right side when using the siwak.
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the guardian in marriage, he is permitted to delegate the marriage of his female ward without her permission, whether he is a father or another guardian.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted to look at her (face and palms) for the purpose of an engagement.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for her to marry another husband.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)If his trustworthy father dies and he has a testamentary guardian, then his guardian is his testamentary guardian, because the father appointed him in his place, so he is like his agent.
If the father is not trustworthy, due to immorality or insanity, or he dies without a testamentary guardian, then his guardian is the ruler (judge).
Required (Wajib)And if keeping the orphan's money separate is more beneficial for him, then one must keep it separate.
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Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the deceased leaves no estate, then nothing is owed by the heirs.
Forbidden (Haram)If they withhold zakat as they withheld it from Abu Bakr, and they fight over it, they will not be inherited from.
Permissible (Mubah)Nor were his heirs prevented from inheriting from him, nor was he prevented from inheriting from his inheritor (due to abandoning prayer).
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And do not hoard, lest it be hoarded from you.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Give generously as much as you can.
Permissible (Mubah)One of them (the two narrations) is permissibility; because Aisha said: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'Whatever a woman spends from her husband's house, without causing damage, she will have her reward, and he will have a reward like it for what he earned, and she will have a reward for what she spent, and the treasurer will have a similar reward, without any of their rewards being diminished.' And permission was not mentioned.
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)Required (Wajib)The truthfulness of the confessor must be possible, meaning it is plausible for the confessed person to have been born to someone like him.
Required (Wajib)There should be no one contesting the lineage.
Required (Wajib)The confessed person must be of unknown lineage; if their lineage is known, the confession is not valid.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)The waiting period (iddah) for a divorced woman and those similar to her does not end except by it (i.e., the completion of menstrual cycles).
And her word is accepted regarding the denial of compensation (in a khula).
So if the usurper had sworn an oath of divorce that he did not usurp it, we would not make his divorce effective, because the witness and oath are evidence regarding property, not regarding divorce.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Required (Wajib)And upon him is the value of her child on the day of birth.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the fetus) is stillborn, he is not liable (for its value).
Required (Wajib)And upon him (the one who had intercourse) is the compensation for the defect of childbirth (to the slave woman).
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to commit what the Shariah has forbidden by separating them (a mother and her child).
Forbidden (Haram)And the female slave is contrary to that (i.e., it is not permissible to separate her from her child).
Required (Wajib)According to me, she remains in the husband's possession, due to their agreement on her permissibility for him and his right to keep her, while they only differed on the reason.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And she has the right to take it from his wealth without his knowledge if he refrains from paying it.
Required (Wajib)and the obligation of his relative's maintenance is upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)and the obligation of his relative's maintenance towards him falls off, meaning it is permissible for his relative not to provide him maintenance.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A man must not be alone with a woman unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)He must not be alone with her in a house.
Required (Wajib)It is stipulated for a mahram that he be an adult and sane.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire her (the wet-nurse) for her food and clothing.
Forbidden (Haram)If a woman is married, it is not permissible to hire her out for wet nursing unless with her husband's permission.
Permissible (Mubah)The people of knowledge have a consensus on the permissibility of hiring a wet-nurse.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And separate them (children) in beds.
Permissible (Mubah)The father has the right to prevent his son from undertaking voluntary acts of worship.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory upon the guardian of a child to teach him purification and prayer when he reaches seven years of age and to command him with them, and it is obligatory upon him to discipline him for them when he reaches ten years of age.
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)So their share must be separated and distributed among them.
Permissible (Mubah)If the deceased had bequeathed the partnership money, or part of it, to a specific person, then the legatee is like the heir in what we have mentioned.
Forbidden (Haram)If he bequeathed it to an unspecified entity, such as the poor, it is not permissible for the executor to permit management [of the partnership share].
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Required (Wajib)Muslims have unanimously agreed on the obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan.
Required (Wajib)And it has been established that this day is from the month of Ramadan by the testimony of trustworthy people, so its fasting becomes obligatory upon all Muslims.
Required (Wajib)And because a just testimony has attested to the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory, just as if the cities were close.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)The fourth (type of exit) is that which necessitates making up (the i'tikaf), and there are two views regarding expiation; and that is exiting for an obligatory matter, such as exiting for jihad (nafeer) or during the waiting period ('iddah).
Preferred (Mustahabb)Except for the one performing `i'tikaf`, it is recommended for him to go out in his `i'tikaf` clothes, so that the sign of worship and devotion remains upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one in i'tikaf to do what he does for himself, such as sewing his shirt or similar tasks.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in pouring water on one's head due to heat and thirst.
Discouraged (Makruh)If he does that, and water reaches his throat, or he leaves water in his mouth playfully or for cooling, the ruling on it is the same as exceeding three [rinses/sniffings] because it is disliked.
Preferred (Mustahabb)He said: 'Sprinkling water on his chest is more beloved to me.'
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one chooses to feed the poor (as expiation), he must value the equivalent (of the hunted animal) in dirhams, then convert the dirhams to food, and give it as charity to the poor.
Permissible (Mubah)He may slaughter it at any time he wishes, and it is not restricted to the days of sacrifice.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not sufficient to give it alive to the poor, because Allah named it a Hady (sacrificial animal), and a Hady must be slaughtered.
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Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)We preferred for him (the pilgrim) to break his fast on that day, so he could gain strength for supplication.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not allowed to fast on the two Eid days, nor on the days of Tashreeq, neither as an obligatory fast nor as a voluntary one.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intends to fast on these days (Eid or Tashreeq), they are disobedient, and it does not suffice for an obligatory fast.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to make up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who permit voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
Required (Wajib)And as for vows, fasting should be done on his behalf.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: There is no harm in using siwak for a fasting person.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad said: I do not like for the fasting person to use siwak in the afternoon.
Discouraged (Makruh)It was narrated from him (Ahmad) that using a wet siwak stick (while fasting) is disliked.
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one intends on the night of doubt, saying, 'If tomorrow is Ramadan, I am fasting it as an obligatory fast, otherwise it is a voluntary fast,' then according to the first narration, it is not sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is sufficient according to the other narration.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one limits oneself to saying 'Bismillah' and faces the animal in a direction other than the Qibla, he has left the better option, but it is sufficient.
Required (Wajib)(Locusts) are considered land game, and compensation is due for them.
Required (Wajib)One must compensate for it (the locust) with its value, because it has no equivalent (among domestic animals).
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'Trade in alcohol has been forbidden.'
Forbidden (Haram)And because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, cursed its carrier and the one to whom it is carried (referring to wine).
Permissible (Mubah)And eating them (horses) is permissible.
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)However one enters ihram, it is permissible, and we do not know of anyone who disagreed on this.
Required (Wajib)Wash the perfume from you three times.
Required (Wajib)And take off your jubbah.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Required (Wajib)The order in stoning these Jamarat is obligatory.
Required (Wajib)He should give a date or a morsel in charity (as compensation for a missed pebble).
Required (Wajib)If one reverses the order, starting with Jamarat al-Aqaba, then the middle, then the first, or starts with the middle and stones all three, only the first (correctly performed) will be valid, and they must repeat the middle and furthest.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)And whoever slaughters after the (Eid) prayer, his ritual is complete, and he has attained the Sunnah of the Muslims.
Required (Wajib)And both of you must offer a sacrificial animal (hady).
Required (Wajib)From him (Imam Ahmad), there is a narration that a blood sacrifice (Hady) is incumbent upon him (for delaying an obligatory Hajj ritual).
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the pilgrim performs many circumambulations (Tawaf), only one Sa'i is obligatory upon him.
Recommended (Sunnah)The two rak'ahs of Tawaf are an emphasized Sunnah, not obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)Wherever one prays these two rak'ahs and whatever one recites in them, it is permissible.
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one of them gave permission and the other did not, he must return half of the expenses to the one who did not give permission, alone.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man appointed him for Hajj and another for Umrah, and they both permitted him to combine them (Qiran), and he did so, it is permissible; because it is a prescribed ritual.
Required (Wajib)And he must return half of the expenses to each of them; because he made the journey on their behalf without their permission.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to frequently remember Allah and supplicate on the Day of Arafah.
Permissible (Mubah)If one does not start with the right side of the head (when shaving or trimming), it is still sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)One has a choice between shaving and trimming; whichever he does, it is sufficient according to most scholars.
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said it is accepted because she reached a state where he is not accused (of favoritism).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges a debt to a woman during his illness, then marries her, his acknowledgment is permissible (valid) because he is not accused (of favoring an heir).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to someone who is not an heir, and that person then becomes an heir, his acknowledgment to him is valid.
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whenever one is able to return the usurped item, they must return it, along with its separate and connected growths, and its rental value until the time its substitute was paid.
The guardian is not obligated to pay compensation for that (i.e., for not acquiring what was beneficial for the minor's property).
Required (Wajib)If it enters his dovecote, and he closes the door on it intending to keep it for himself, he becomes liable for it.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)If someone acknowledges something that brings him benefit, such as acknowledging the lineage of a wealthy person, it is accepted.
And if someone makes an acknowledgement to a non-heir, it is valid and continues.
If someone makes an acknowledgement to an heir, it is void.
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)As for the unconscious person, there is no guardianship over him.
Required (Wajib)His (the unconscious person's) ruling is like that of the absent and the insane person: his recovery is awaited.
Required (Wajib)However, the judge must compel the debtor to sell his property if payment of debts is not possible without it.
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for the owner of the tree to remove those branches, either by returning them to another direction or by cutting them.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man owns two adjacent houses, with their backs facing each other, and each house's door is in a separate cul-de-sac, and he removes the barrier between them, making them one house, it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)If he opens a door from each house to the other, to enable passage from each house to both houses, it is not permissible.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If someone claims a house from another, and then reconciles with him for part of it, or for building a room above it, or for him to live in it for a year, it is not valid.
Forbidden (Haram)Except for a reconciliation that makes lawful what is unlawful or makes unlawful what is lawful.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is without his permission (a third party reconciling for an item), it is an act of redeeming the denier from litigation and absolving him from the claim, and that is permissible.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And their ransom is upon him.
Required (Wajib)And he ransoms them with their value on the day of birth.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the master) wishes to exact Qisas (retaliation), he has that right.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if the one who had intercourse (under misapprehension) strikes her abdomen and she miscarries the fetus stillborn, then upon him is the `ghurrah` also.
Required (Wajib)If the striker is a stranger (and strikes the slave woman, causing miscarriage of a free fetus), he must pay the 'ghurra' (blood money) for the free fetus, because its freedom is legally established, and it is inherited from him.
Required (Wajib)If he pardons for compensation, his pardon is valid, and the lesser of the two values is obligatory (as compensation).
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he is obligated to make up what he missed during his Islam before his apostasy (according to the preferred opinion).
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to make up what he missed of worship during his apostasy and during his Islam before his apostasy (according to another opinion).
Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make up what he missed during his apostasy, nor during his Islam before his apostasy (according to one opinion).
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said to Abu Sayyara after he agreed to pay Zakat on his honey): 'Then protect its mountain.' So, he (the Prophet) protected it for him.
Required (Wajib)As for the land whose people abandoned it out of fear of the Muslims, it becomes an endowment (waqf) simply by virtue of the Muslims gaining control over it.
Permissible (Mubah)And if the land is transferred to a Muslim, no kharaj is obligatory on it for that reason.
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he was aware of the prohibition, then he is liable for the prescribed punishment of unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Then there is no prescribed punishment (`hadd`) upon him (the usurper if ignorant or mistaken).
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Required (Wajib)He gives precedence to whomever he sees fit between them.
Required (Wajib)The Qadi said: He is considered a recusant, and the claimant is ordered to specify. If he specifies something and the acknowledger confirms it, it is established. If he denies it and refuses to specify, he is told: 'Either you specify, or we will consider you a recusant and rule against you.'
Required (Wajib)This is the view of the Shafi'i scholars, except they said: 'If you specify, otherwise we will make the claimant swear an oath on what he claims, and we will obligate it upon you. If he does that, otherwise we will make the claimant swear an oath, and we will obligate it upon the acknowledger.'
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he (the slave) is freed, he is obligated to fulfill it (the vowed Hajj) after performing the Hajj of Islam.
Permissible (Mubah)If a slave vows to perform Hajj, his vow is valid.
If a person swears an oath not to eat meat, and then eats meat from livestock, birds, or fish, he has broken his oath.
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)So I think a man should avoid buying from what is ground by them (these watermills).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to sit except in that which does not harm passersby.
Forbidden (Haram)If the Euphrates recedes from some land, and then plants grow in it, and a man comes and prevents people from it, then he is not allowed to do that.
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Required (Wajib)Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: If one says 'kadha dirhaman' (so many dirhams), twenty dirhams become obligatory upon him.
Required (Wajib)If one says 'kadha kadha dirhaman' (so many so many dirhams), eleven dirhams become obligatory upon him.
Required (Wajib)If one says 'kadha wa kadha dirhaman' (so many and so many dirhams), twenty-one dirhams become obligatory upon him.
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if he said: 'To its owner' or 'To Zayd I owe a thousand because of it,' the acknowledgment is valid.
Required (Wajib)He must pay compensation for virginity (`arsh al-bakara`) if she was a virgin.
And if he said: 'due to the pregnancy of this animal', it is not valid, as nothing can be obligated due to animal pregnancy.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Abu Abdillah (Imam Ahmad) saw no harm in moving them (graves/bodies).
Required (Wajib)If one digs and finds bones in it, they must bury them and dig in another place.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is confirmed that the deceased has decomposed and turned to dust, it is permissible to exhume their grave and bury another person in it.
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Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If the slave agrees with them (the seller and buyer on the invalidity of the emancipation), it is also not accepted (that he returns to slavery).
Permissible (Mubah)Then, if the owner holds the seller liable, the seller may reclaim from the buyer because the buyer caused the loss (by emancipating the slave).
Permissible (Mubah)Whenever we rule with freedom (for the slave), the owner (original claimant) has the right to claim compensation from either of them (the seller or buyer) for the slave's value on the day of emancipation.
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Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It (the hybrid animal) is not sufficient for a sacrificial offering (hady), a ritual sacrifice (adahi), or blood money (diyah).
Required (Wajib)He (the Prophet) ordered the killing of dogs.
Forbidden (Haram)Then he (the Prophet) forbade their killing.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one masturbates with their hand, they have committed something forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use deception for that (i.e., to cause harm to Muslims).
Permissible (Mubah)So, if he stands from his place and then returns to it, he has more right to it.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The preferred view (madhab) is that the waqf of ornaments is valid because adornment is among the important purposes, custom is established for it, and Islamic law has considered it by exempting its wearers from zakat, and permitted its rental for that purpose.
Required (Wajib)And he must pay the value of the child, with which a slave is bought in its place.
Required (Wajib)And his value becomes obligatory (to be paid) because he was meant to be owned, but the belief in freedom prevented him from slavery, so his value became obligatory, with which a slave is bought to be an endowment, and his value is considered on the day he is born alive.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)So, if there is no need for it (the wood placement), he (the owner of the wall) has the right to prevent its placement.
Forbidden (Haram)No one else has the right to trespass on his land or benefit from it.
Forbidden (Haram)If he trespasses and takes it, he has erred (by trespassing), but he owns it.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And it (pearl) is permissible to use in medicines and other things.
Permissible (Mubah)If the gilding on the ceiling becomes consumed such that nothing can be gathered from it, its continuation is not forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Even if one gilds his ceiling with gold or silver, it is forbidden.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs agree that the buried treasure did not belong to their deceased, then it belongs to the first owner.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Shafi'i said: It belongs to the owner of the house if he acknowledges it, and if he does not acknowledge it, then it belongs to the first owner, because it is in his possession.
Permissible (Mubah)However, if the (current) owner claims it, then his word is accepted, because his hand is upon it by virtue of it being in its location.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Do not resort to what the Jews resorted to, lest you make permissible Allah's prohibitions by the slightest stratagems.
Forbidden (Haram)Every stratagem intended only to permit what is forbidden, without any genuine meaning in it, is invalidated.
Forbidden (Haram)that all legal stratagems are invalid.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a person to undertake the distribution of the khums (one-fifth) himself.
Required (Wajib)Therefore, he (the Imam) is obliged to do what he deems to be in the public interest, and it is not permissible for him to deviate from it.
Permissible (Mubah)Thus, each of the two matters (dividing or endowing conquered land) was permissible, and the decision in that regard belongs to the Imam, who may do whatever he deems appropriate.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for what they display publicly, it is obligatory to denounce it.
Required (Wajib)If they display their disbelief publicly, they should be disciplined for it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to interfere with them [dhimmis] concerning what they do not display publicly.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use it [theriac] for treatment, nor to use snake venom.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If safety is the predominant outcome and benefit is hoped for from a medicine, then it is preferable to permit drinking it to avert something more dangerous, just like other medicines.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to your beast of burden or your slave. (Ahmad's instruction regarding the earnings of a cupper).
Required (Wajib)In both cases, it is obligatory to extract the amount of the forbidden, and the rest is permissible for him.
Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The standard measure is the measure of the people of Medina.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to exercise ijtihad (taharri), even if the permissible [items] are many.
Required (Wajib)The reference for determining what is measured by volume and what is weighed is the customary practice in Hijaz during the era of the Prophet (PBUH).
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Required (Wajib)If he has surplus food and finds someone in dire need, it is obligatory to give it to them because it is a state of necessity.
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)If a woman stands in the row of men, it is disliked, but her prayer is not invalidated, nor is the prayer of those next to her.
Recommended (Sunnah)Saying the extended praise (like "Mil' al-sama...") after the Tahmid (e.g., after 'Rabbana wa lakal hamd').
Recommended (Sunnah)Starting prostration by placing the knees down before the hands.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Rather, it is valid for someone upon whom it is not obligatory, when following someone upon whom it is obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he wishes, he may separate with a salutation between every two rak'ahs.
Similarly, one who is partially free is subject to his master's rights, and thus nothing that is lifted from a slave is obligatory upon him.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Unless they fear the prayer time will expire, in which case one prays in it and the rest pray naked.
Required (Wajib)He must be killed for abandoning a single prayer.
Preferred (Mustahabb)In Surah Al-Hajj, there are two prostrations of recitation.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And there is no harm in him leading his mahram women in prayer.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If two jurists are present, one more knowledgeable in the rulings of prayer and the other more knowledgeable in other matters, the one more knowledgeable in the rulings of prayer is more deserving (to lead).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one of the two congregants is a boy in a voluntary prayer, the man and the boy stand behind the Imam, and the woman stands behind them both, based on the hadith of Anas.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the sabat (covered passage) is permissible for him, such as being in a dead-end alley with the owner's permission, or he has a right to it, or the path was established after it, then there is no harm in praying upon it.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Hash (the latrine) is the place designated for defecation and urination, and prayer is prohibited in what is inside its door.
Forbidden (Haram)There is no difference in the bathhouse (hammam) between the place of washing and pouring water, the changing room where clothes are removed, the furnace, and everything enclosed by the door of the hammam, because the name 'hammam' applies to it.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Required (Wajib)When he departs (from Arafat to Muzdalifah), there is no prayer except by combining them.
Required (Wajib)When one remembers a missed prayer after having completed the current prayer and greeted, the current prayer is sufficient for him, and he must make up the missed prayer.
Forbidden (Haram)That it (mud alone) does not permit (combining prayers).
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If something passes far away when there is no sutrah, no ruling applies to it.
Permissible (Mubah)The correct definition [of 'near' for a passerby] is that if one walks towards the passerby and repels them, his prayer is not invalidated.
If one leaves something that dissolves in their mouth, like sugar, and a part of it dissolves and they swallow it, their prayer is invalidated.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The second [narration regarding a blind person or muqallid traveling without an informant or mujtahid] is: no repetition is required of him.
Required (Wajib)[Ibn Hamid said:] If he [a blind person or muqallid traveling without an informant or mujtahid] errs, he repeats [the prayer].
If he [finds someone to follow or inform him, but doesn't seek information or follow, or contradicts the informant/mujtahid, and prays,] then his prayer is invalid in every case.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)Shafi'i said: the amount of time by which the obligation (of prayer) is connected is the duration of one rak'ah.
Required (Wajib)It is narrated from Malik that if one catches the duration of five rak'ahs from the time of the second prayer (of two combined prayers), the first prayer becomes obligatory.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ibn al-Mundhir said: What is forbidden (for prayer) are only the three times mentioned in the hadith of Uqbah.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And they (women) also pray in congregation like men.
Permissible (Mubah)For if a woman stands in the row of men, her prayer is not invalidated, nor is the prayer of those next to her.
Forbidden (Haram)If there are non-mahram men present, a woman should not recite loudly in prayer, unless they are her mahrams, in which case there is no harm.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said regarding wiping over socks without sandals: if one walks on them and they remain firm on his feet, then there is no harm.
Permissible (Mubah)It is only permissible to wipe over socks (jawrab) if they meet the two conditions mentioned for khuff: first, they must be thick such that no part of the foot is visible; second, it must be possible to walk continuously in them.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: The analogy of the madhab is that it is permissible to wipe over them (referring to khuffs made of wood or iron).
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Required (Wajib)He explicitly stated in one instance that if a fly lands on thin feces or urine and then lands on clothing, the spot on the clothing should be washed.
Permissible (Mubah)Water does not become impure.
Permissible (Mubah)A Muslim does not become impure.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Direct physical contact with her and enjoying what is below her private parts are permitted (for a woman in nifas).
Forbidden (Haram)If one fears polluting the mosque, then they are not permitted to pass through it.
Required (Wajib)If she sees fifteen days of black blood and fifteen days of red blood each month, then all the black blood is considered menstruation, because it is suitable to be menstruation and she has seen a sign of menstruation in it, thus its status as menstruation is established.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one fears thirst, he should keep the water and perform tayammum, and he does not have to repeat the prayer.
Required (Wajib)If they do so and find water enough to wash their private parts, they should wash them, then perform tayammum.
Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad definitively stated in one instance that such a prayer (performed with tayammum after forgetting water) is not sufficient.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And avoiding all of that (spitting on urine and urinating on fire) is better.
Permissible (Mubah)If one purifies with water, there is no need for earth.
Discouraged (Makruh)And one should not speak (while relieving oneself).
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one is able to perform a thorough washing (ghusl), even if it is with a mudd (a specific measurement of water) or less than a mudd, it is sufficient.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And he (Imam Ahmad) preferred that one should perform ghusl (if semen transfer is felt but not discharged).
Required (Wajib)The well-known opinion from Ahmad is the obligation of ghusl (if one feels semen moving due to desire but holds it back so it does not exit).
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one fears that some of his teeth might fall out, one should leave it.
Discouraged (Makruh)If its removal would lead to disfigurement, it should not be extracted, and it becomes like something internal, as if he were alive.
If one embraces Islam and then is martyred, ghusl is not required for them.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)Circumcision is Sunnah for men.
Preferred (Mustahabb)[Regarding an adult male or female convert], it is more beloved to me that they purify themselves (through circumcision).
Required (Wajib)[Regarding a dhimmi convert to Islam seeking purification through circumcision], there is no escape from that (it is indispensable for him).
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one utilized the benefit in an invalid contract, then the customary wage is due on him.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to wear usurped clothing.
Permissible (Mubah)Whatever is permissible to benefit from, it should be permissible to sell it.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And he (the assignor) has the right to collect from the drawee (if he denied the assignment and his word was accepted).
Required (Wajib)It (the payment of a due debt) must be expedited.
Permissible (Mubah)If the value (of the collateral) is of the same type as the debt, and the agent was authorized to fulfill the debt from the price of the collateral, then he possesses the right to fulfill the debt from this (received) value.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Whoever had land, meaning whoever reserved land, and left it uncultivated for three years, and then people came and cultivated it, they are more entitled to it."
Required (Wajib)If a long period passes (without the reserved land being cultivated), the ruler should tell him: either you revive it, or you leave it for someone else to revive.
Forbidden (Haram)If another person digs from another direction, the first person does not have the right to prevent him.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is also not permissible for the owner of the capital to have intercourse with the female slave, because it would diminish her value if she is a virgin, and expose her to being removed from the Mudarabah and potential ruin.
Forbidden (Haram)Both (types of sharecropping arrangements previously mentioned) are invalid/corrupt, because the basis of sharecropping is that the seed comes from the landowner or from the worker, and here it is not from either of them.
Permissible (Mubah)If the contract is invalid and the seed is from the landowner, the crop belongs to him.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: If one rents an animal to carry dates, and instead carries wheat, I hope there is no harm in it, if the weight is the same.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Nakha'i said: There is no harm in a tailor accepting clothes for a known wage, then subcontracting them after having assisted in them, or cut them, or provided thread or needles, or sewn something in them.
Permissible (Mubah)For every item rented for a specific benefit, one is permitted to utilize a benefit similar to it or less harmful than it.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)If the fear (of harm) is equal in both situations (cutting vs. leaving), he does not have the right to amputate it.
Discouraged (Makruh)Otherwise (if experts do not advise it as safer or more beneficial), he does not have the right to perform it.
Permissible (Mubah)If the slave has a malignant growth, and experts state that amputation is safer and more beneficial than leaving it, then the pledger has the right to perform the amputation.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Most scholars from the Salaf and those after them agree on the validity of Waqf (endowment).
Forbidden (Haram)If a gift is time-limited, such as someone saying: 'I gifted you this for a year, then it returns to me,' it is not valid; because it is a contract of transferring ownership of a specific item, and thus it is not valid when time-limited, just like a sale.
Required (Wajib)If he gifts it to his minor son and takes possession of it for him, its validity must be established, similar to goods.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)The usurper must return the usurped item and pay its equivalent rent for the duration it remained in his possession.
Required (Wajib)However, he (the buyer) has recourse against the usurper for the price he took from him.
Required (Wajib)If she resided with him for a period for which rent is due for such a duration, then he is obligated to pay her rent for that period.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)So, if he said to him, 'Sell my garment tomorrow,' it is not permissible to sell it today or the day after tomorrow.
That absolute sale implies a sound item, not a defective one, and thus is the agency in it.
Permissible (Mubah)so it was permissible for him (the agent) to buy a defective item.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Required (Wajib)The sale of `araya` (palm trees whose fresh dates are sold by estimation) requires the need of the buyer as a condition.
Forbidden (Haram)and he does not have the right to take compensation for the defect, as it leads to excess in what must be equal.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi said: It is not permissible for him to return it, as it leads to excess, so it is not valid.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to guarantee the wife's maintenance, whether it is for her current day or future; because the maintenance for the current day is obligatory, and future maintenance will eventually become obligatory. The guarantor is liable for whatever the husband is liable for according to the madhab's methodology.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to guarantee compensation for an offense, whether it is money, such as the value of destroyed items, or animals, such as blood money.
Permissible (Mubah)If a Dhimmi (non-Muslim citizen) owes wine to another Dhimmi, and a third Dhimmi guarantees it, then if either the creditor Dhimmi ( المكفول له) or the debtor Dhimmi ( المكفول عنه) embraces Islam, both the guarantor and the debtor are absolved.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the master to permit his slave to engage in trade, and we know of no disagreement on this.
The manumission by the seller is not valid according to the apparent position of the madhab.
Permissible (Mubah)If we follow the other narration, which states that ownership did not transfer to the buyer, then the seller's manumission is valid, but not the buyer's.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If it (the endowment by a sick person) is from one-third of the wealth, it is permissible without the heirs' consent and becomes binding.
Required (Wajib)Abu al-Khattab said: The [formerly minor] individual does not have the right to cancel the lease because it is a binding contract, entered into by the right of guardianship, and thus it is not nullified by reaching puberty, just as if he had sold his house or married him off.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu Hanifa said: It is permissible for him to sell to his adult child.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The camel driver is not liable for the damage to the load, because the owner of the goods did not hand them over to him (i.e., did not relinquish possession).
Permissible (Mubah)If a bird falls into his house, he is not obliged to preserve it or inform its owner.
Permissible (Mubah)If the garment is damaged while in his secure keeping, or not due to his action, then there is no liability upon him.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And hoarding is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'The sale of singing girls is not permissible, nor are their prices, nor their earnings.'
Discouraged (Makruh)And it is disliked to hire oneself out for it (cupping).
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Required (Wajib)The child must be known through observation.
Required (Wajib)The compensation must be known and specified.
Forbidden (Haram)Regarding a man hiring a rooster to wake him for prayer: it is not permissible. This is because it depends on the rooster's action, which cannot be compelled, and it may crow or not, or crow after the time.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one knows that the unknown thing (being settled upon) is more than the settlement amount, it is not permissible unless one informs the other party of it.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is dry and relies on the wall itself, then reconciliation (settlement) concerning it is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)They have the choice between cutting what is shaded or eating its fruit.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is possible that if the weaver produces the garment deficient only in width, he receives nothing.
Permissible (Mubah)If the child dies, the contract is terminated.
Permissible (Mubah)The lease is terminated upon the death of the wet nurse due to the loss of benefit with the destruction of its subject.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whatever remains from the price of the pledged item is returned to the creditors.
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells animals (from the insolvent's assets).
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for the trustee (Ameen) to ask the buyer for cancellation (Iqalah) if the price increases after the contract becomes binding.
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Then the analogical deduction of the madhhab is that he is absolved (from compensation).
Permissible (Mubah)As for the offspring of a borrowed item, its compensation is not obligatory, according to one of the two views.
Required (Wajib)And it is compensated according to the other view.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And this (washing the deceased only once) is in the manner of dislike (makruh).
Required (Wajib)Let no one among you die except that you inform me about him.
Recommended (Sunnah)The Sunnah is to make a niche (lahd) for the grave of the deceased.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one fails to face the Qiblah or walks during his adhan, it is not invalidated.
Required (Wajib)Malik said: The call to prayer (adhan) is made for every prayer.
Recommended (Sunnah)Make the time between your Adhan and Iqamah long enough for someone eating to finish their meal, someone performing ablution to finish their ablution, and someone needing to relieve themselves to do so.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to offer condolences to the deceased's family.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to build upon a grave.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to take dispensations (when traveling to visit graves and shrines), because he is forbidden from traveling to them.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)But if he moves to a place that is inferior, it is disliked for him.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the one who stood up, if he moves to a similar place that he preferred in proximity and hearing the sermon, there is no harm.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person is not a deputy but stands up for another to sit in his place, then it is permissible for that other person to sit in it.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And let him say: O Allah, keep me alive as long as life is good for me, and cause me to die when death is good for me.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Therefore, one should make Takbir on the Day of Arafah and the Day of Sacrifice.
Recommended (Sunnah)From Ibn Umar and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, the Takbir is from the Dhuhr prayer on the Day of Sacrifice until the Fajr prayer on the last of the Ayyam al-Tashreeq.
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for taking a wage for Ruqyah, Ahmad chose its permissibility, and he said: There is no harm in it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he is given something, he may take it.
Permissible (Mubah)And a man whose wealth has been swept away by a calamity, for whom asking for charity is permissible until he obtains enough to sustain himself.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)I dislike that one recites the entire Quran in less than three days.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Beautify the Quran with your voices.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to recite Surat Al-Kahf on Friday.
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Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Its fresh herbage should not be cut.
Discouraged (Makruh)Nor should one bring (soil) into it (the Haram) from the non-sacred area (Hill).
Discouraged (Makruh)One should not take stones or soil from Makkah out to the non-sacred area (Hill), and taking them out is more severe.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for acts of worship related to wealth, such as Zakat, voluntary charities (Sadaqat), vows, and expiations, it is permissible to appoint an agent for their collection and distribution. And it is permissible for the one paying to appoint an agent for their extraction and delivery to their rightful recipients.
Forbidden (Haram)And indeed, we have been forbidden from seeking forgiveness for them (disbelievers).
Required (Wajib)No one among you should die except while having a good opinion of Allah Almighty.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)it is not permissible for him to take anything in compensation for its defect (if freed as expiation).
Required (Wajib)That expiation is due upon him (who engages in intercourse during I'tikaf).
There is no expiation for sexual intercourse (during I'tikaf) according to the apparent view of the madhhab.
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)As for young women and those who are attractive, it is not recommended for them to go out, because the harm in their going out outweighs the benefit.
Discouraged (Makruh)Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin disliked speaking on Eid day while the Imam is delivering the sermon.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Seek out the hour that is hoped for on Friday, from after Asr prayer until sunset.
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Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And say good things, for indeed the angels say 'Ameen' to what the family of the deceased says.
Required (Wajib)And his eyes should be closed.
Required (Wajib)And his jaw should be tied, so that his jaw does not slacken.
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Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The minimum that suffices for shrouding is one garment that covers all of it.
Required (Wajib)Al-Qadi said: Less than three garments are not sufficient for shrouding for one who is able to afford them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Ahmad said: A boy should be shrouded in a single piece of cloth.
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Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)Silence from speech, and the apparent meaning of the narrations is its prohibition.
Forbidden (Haram)And if he wishes to perform it (such an act), he is not allowed to do so, whether he vowed it or not.
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Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade adding more soil to the grave than what came out of its excavation.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bury in a coffin.
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Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)Allah urged His believing servants to go forth to gain understanding in religion, saying – and He is the most truthful of speakers: "Why then does not a party from every group among them go forth to gain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?"
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded the disciplining of a child for abandoning prayer at that age (ten years old).
Required (Wajib)He is killed as a legal punishment (hadd), while his status as a Muslim is maintained.
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Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if two witnesses testify [to the crescent sighting], it is obligatory to accept their testimony.
Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is undisputed within the (Hanbali) madhab that the collector is not permitted to take a male animal for any Zakat if there are female animals in the nisab, except for the 'atba' of cattle and 'ibn al-labun' (male camel) in place of 'bint makhad' (female camel) if the latter is unavailable.
Permissible (Mubah)Malik and Shafi'i said that if the collector deems taking these three (an old animal, a blemished animal, or a ram) to be better for him and more beneficial for the poor, then he may take them, due to the apparent meaning of the exception.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the collector) deems it appropriate, such that the entire taxable amount (nisab) is of that type, then he may take from the same type of wealth, so he may take an old ewe (a large old ewe), or a blemished animal from its kind, or a ram from the rams.
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he (the assessor) deems the consumers to be many, he should leave out a third, and if they are few, he should leave out a quarter.
Forbidden (Haram)So crops in their ears are not estimated.
Required (Wajib)Date palms and grapevines are estimated (for zakat).
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the debt of the deceased is not paid from Zakat.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the collector to be a disbeliever (according to one narration/view).
Required (Wajib)If he (the minor or incapacitated person) has no guardian, it (Zakat) should be given to whoever cares for his affairs and looks after him, such as his mother or someone else, as explicitly stated by Ahmad.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory upon the disbeliever to give out Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of his Muslim slave.
There is a consensus among scholars that no Zakat al-Fitr is due from a dhimmi for his Muslim slave.
Required (Wajib)The obligatory amount for Zakat al-Fitr is one Sa' for every person.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)In forty sheep, there is one sheep (as Zakat).
If it was pasturing with its owner but fed by the usurper, then there is no Zakat on it.
Pasturing (sā'imah) is a condition for the obligation of Zakat.
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)(The Prophet said): Give it as charity to your servant.
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said): Give it as charity to your wife.
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said to a man asking how to spend his charity): Give it as charity to yourself.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one gives out a quarter of a tenth of its raw earth before refining it, it is obligatory to return it if it is still existing, or its value if it has been destroyed.
Required (Wajib)Zakat is due from the seller, because it became obligatory while it was in his possession, just as if he sold fruit after its ripeness became apparent.
Required (Wajib)Then Zakat on the mineral is obligatory upon him, not Zakat on the price, because Zakat is only connected to the mineral itself, or its value if it is not a currency.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The Imam has a choice when dispatching a collector: if he wishes, he may hire him with a valid contract and pay him what was agreed upon, or if he wishes, he may dispatch him without a contract and pay him a fair wage.
Required (Wajib)[If the Imam gains control over him and his wealth], Zakat should be taken from him without any increase.
Forbidden (Haram)His offspring should not be enslaved.
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Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if one finds it in this land on its surface, or in an untrodden path, or a ruined village, then it is likewise in ruling (meaning khums is due).
The buried treasure (rukaz) to which the obligation of khums (one-fifth) applies is that which was buried during the period of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era).
Required (Wajib)Al-Zuhri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and others made the khums (one-fifth) obligatory on all (rukaz).
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Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
If jewelry is broken in a way that does not prevent its use and wearing, it is like intact jewelry, and there is no Zakat on it.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.
Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.