Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If there is only one garment, then a shirt (qamis) is preferred.
Required (Wajib)(The Prophet said) and button it (the shirt), even with a thorn.
Required (Wajib)He (Ahmad) said: He should button it (the shirt).
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for the namisah, she is the one who plucks hair from the face, and the mutanamisah is she whose hair is plucked by her command; this is not permissible due to the Hadith.
Permissible (Mubah)And anything other than that is not forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)It is apparent that what is forbidden is only connecting hair with hair.
+ 103 more rulings
Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a person needs marriage and fears falling into sin, then marriage takes precedence because it is obligatory upon him, and he cannot do without it, similar to his necessary expenses.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted to look at her (face and palms) for the purpose of an engagement.
Required (Wajib)Staying in the home and sleeping there is obligatory during the waiting period (iddah) of death.
+ 104 more rulings
Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he (the guardian) must not entrust it (the orphan's money) except to a trustworthy person.
Required (Wajib)If it is destroyed before that, he is liable for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he says, "I reclaimed it for the orphan," his statement is accepted.
+ 60 more rulings
Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)If one of the two heirs is not legally responsible, such as a minor or an insane person, and the legally responsible heir acknowledges a third brother, his lineage is not established by his acknowledgment because he does not possess the entire inheritance.
Forbidden (Haram)If someone bequeaths to his heirs the usufruct of a slave, it is not permissible (i.e., it is invalid).
It is also possible that the lineage is not established due to the deceased's denial of him.
+ 50 more rulings
Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the impediment to disposal ceases, the father has the right to reclaim the gift.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is most pleasing to me that he revokes (the initial gifts to some children) and equalizes among them (all children, if a new one is born).
Required (Wajib)Equalization between them (children in gifts) is obligatory.
+ 40 more rulings
Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)If lineage is established by acknowledgment, and then the acknowledger denies it, his denial is not accepted.
Permissible (Mubah)If one acknowledges the lineage of a deceased person, whether a minor or insane, his lineage is established, and he inherits from him.
If a man leaves behind a wife and a son from another woman, and the son acknowledges a brother for himself, his lineage is not established because not all heirs acknowledged him.
+ 32 more rulings
Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If she pays him money to admit to divorcing her, it is not permissible, according to one of the two views.
The waiting period (iddah) for a divorced woman and those similar to her does not end except by it (i.e., the completion of menstrual cycles).
So if the usurper had sworn an oath of divorce that he did not usurp it, we would not make his divorce effective, because the witness and oath are evidence regarding property, not regarding divorce.
+ 20 more rulings
Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And he is not liable for a prescribed punishment (hadd).
Required (Wajib)His child from her is free.
Required (Wajib)And his lineage is affirmed with him.
+ 20 more rulings
Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)Her maintenance is from her earnings, and if there is a surplus, it is held in trust, because we have removed the master's ownership from her and established for her the ruling of istilad (being mother of master's child).
Required (Wajib)If she dies and leaves behind wealth, then the seller is entitled to the amount of her price; because if he is truthful, he deserves her price from the buyer, and her estate belongs to the buyer, and the buyer admits her to the seller, so he takes from it the amount he claims.
Required (Wajib)According to me, she remains in the husband's possession, due to their agreement on her permissibility for him and his right to keep her, while they only differed on the reason.
+ 17 more rulings
Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The maintenance of the child is upon his father because he is free.
Required (Wajib)The wife's maintenance is prioritized in the wealth of an insolvent person over paying his debt.
Required (Wajib)The inheritor is obligated to provide maintenance for the one from whom they inherit.
+ 15 more rulings
Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He must not be alone with her in a house.
Forbidden (Haram)A man must not be alone with a woman unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel a day's journey except with a mahram.
+ 8 more rulings
Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire her (the wet-nurse) for her food and clothing.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in matters of fosterage.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a man to hire out his slave woman, his mudabbara, his umm walad, one whose emancipation is conditional, and one permitted to engage in trade, for wet nursing.
+ 7 more rulings
Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And (it is commanded to) separate them (children) in beds upon reaching it (age ten).
Permissible (Mubah)The father has the right to prevent his son from undertaking voluntary acts of worship.
Required (Wajib)And separate them (children) in beds.
+ 6 more rulings
Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is not right for a Muslim who sleeps for two nights having something to bequeath, except that his will is written down with him.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man lends another dirhams and says, 'If I die, you are absolved,' it is considered a will.
Required (Wajib)So their share must be separated and distributed among them.
+ 4 more rulings
Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to break the fast with fresh dates, and if not available, then with dry dates, and if not available, then with water.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended that these three days be the 'White Days' (Ayyam al-Bid), which are the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth of the month.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Fasting three days every month is recommended.
+ 275 more rulings
Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The first (type of permissible exit from i'tikaf) is that which does not necessitate making up (the i'tikaf) nor expiation, and that is exiting for human needs and similar necessities.
Required (Wajib)The second (type of permissible exit) is that which necessitates making up (the i'tikaf) without expiation, and that is exiting due to menstruation.
Forbidden (Haram)The third (type of exit) is that which necessitates both making up (the i'tikaf) and expiation, and that is exiting for fitnah (strife/temptation) or similar reasons where one exits for one's own need.
+ 218 more rulings
Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Cupping became disliked for a fasting person.
Required (Wajib)If he breaks his fast on that day by intercourse, expiation is due upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)For someone permitted to break their fast due to intense sexual desire, if they can repel the desire without intercourse, such as masturbating with their hand, or with the hand of their wife or slave-girl, then intercourse is not permissible for them.
+ 123 more rulings
Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible (to give its value) because it is an expiation, which is specific to certain types of wealth, like other expiations.
Permissible (Mubah)Half a dinar of any gold suffices, provided it is pure from adulteration, and it is equal whether it is raw gold or minted coins, because the name applies to both.
Required (Wajib)A woman in postpartum bleeding is like a menstruating woman in this (matter of expiation).
+ 109 more rulings
Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)We preferred for him (the pilgrim) to break his fast on that day, so he could gain strength for supplication.
Forbidden (Haram)In summary, the days of Tashreeq are also prohibited from fasting.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to single out the day of Nowruz and Mihrajan for fasting.
+ 6 more rulings
Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Rather, it is recommended to perform make-up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who forbid voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to make up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who permit voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And make-up fasts should be performed at other times (not during the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
+ 5 more rulings
Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad and Ishaq considered it recommended (mustahabb) to avoid using the siwak in the afternoon (for a fasting person).
Discouraged (Makruh)It was narrated from him (Ahmad) that using a wet siwak stick (while fasting) is disliked.
Permissible (Mubah)It was also narrated from him (Ahmad) that it is not disliked to use a wet siwak stick (while fasting).
+ 4 more rulings
Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)No fast is valid without an intention, by consensus, whether it is an obligatory or voluntary fast.
Required (Wajib)A compulsory fast is not valid unless one intends it at any time during the night.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
+ 4 more rulings
General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to hunt sea game from the wells and springs of the sacred precinct (Haram).
Permissible (Mubah)And our argument is that he sent the dog after permissible game, so he is not liable (for compensation).
Required (Wajib)If someone scares away a game animal from the Haram, and it is harmed while fleeing, they are liable for it because they caused its destruction, similar to if it was destroyed by their trap or net.
+ 69 more rulings
Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Let them (the Dhimmis) sell it (the wine).
Forbidden (Haram)The sale of alcohol is not permissible, nor is appointing an agent for its sale, nor buying it.
Required (Wajib)If one usurps wine from a Muslim, he is not obliged to return it, and it is obligatory to pour it out.
+ 47 more rulings
Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The acquisition of gold and silver vessels is forbidden for both women and men, as is their use.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
+ 1 more ruling
Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Required (Wajib)There is no disagreement regarding the obligation of expiation upon a person in Ihram if they intentionally apply perfume or wear (forbidden clothing).
Required (Wajib)He (the foolish person) performs tahallul (release from Ihram) by fasting, like someone who is financially incapable.
Permissible (Mubah)If he has no earnings, his guardian may release him from Ihram.
+ 799 more rulings
General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in performing Umrah multiple times in a year.
Required (Wajib)Then, if he entered Ihram for an obligatory Hajj, expenses should be given to him from his wealth so that he may fulfill the obligation upon himself.
Required (Wajib)And if he is far, he must send a sacrifice.
+ 705 more rulings
Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Required (Wajib)For hunting an arwa (wild mountain goat), a cow is due as expiation.
Required (Wajib)If one kills a pregnant animal (maakhid) in the Haram, Al-Qadi said: He must guarantee it with the value of an animal like it.
Required (Wajib)For hunting a dabb (mastigure lizard), a young goat is due as expiation.
+ 292 more rulings
Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the Sa'i between Safa and Marwah, the apparent meaning of Ahmad's words is that continuity is not a condition for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If one wishes, he may complete the tawaf (after an interruption due to a valid excuse), and if he wishes, he may restart it, because he interrupted it due to an excuse, so it is permissible to continue from where he left off, just as if he had interrupted it for prayer.
Required (Wajib)If one has a valid excuse that distracts him (from tawaf), he may continue. But if he interrupts it without an excuse or for his own personal need, he must restart the tawaf.
+ 216 more rulings
Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)If someone appointed a proxy while hoping to be able to perform Hajj himself, and then became terminally ill, he must perform Hajj himself again.
Required (Wajib)If he instructed him for both rituals, and he performed one of them without the other, he must return from the expenses an amount proportional to what he omitted.
Permissible (Mubah)The performed ritual counts for the one who instructed him, and the proxy is entitled to expenses proportional to what he performed.
+ 40 more rulings
Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to frequently remember Allah and supplicate on the Day of Arafah.
Permissible (Mubah)The people of opinion said: For one who matted or braided their hair, they have a choice in every situation (between shaving and trimming).
Permissible (Mubah)If one does not start with the right side of the head (when shaving or trimming), it is still sufficient.
+ 7 more rulings
inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to her, then divorces her, then remarries her, and dies during his illness, his acknowledgment to her is not accepted.
Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said: It is not permissible. (Referring to the scenario where a father acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)His acknowledgment was permissible (valid). (Referring to Sufyan's opinion on a father who acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
+ 4 more rulings
Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he set a net before entering Ihram, and game fell into it after he entered Ihram, he is not liable for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If the owner of the land from which the plant, tree, or crop moved leaves it on the land it moved to, he is not obligated to move it, nor to pay rent, nor anything else, because it occurred without his negligence or aggression. The choice is then up to the owner of the occupied land: if he wishes, he may take it for himself, and if he wishes, he may uproot it.
Permissible (Mubah)If it survives and hatches, there is no compensation upon him.
+ 234 more rulings
Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And it is valid according to the other view, so he is admitting to seven dirhams.
Permissible (Mubah)If he says: 'Ten, except six, except four, except two dirhams,' then according to the view where the exception is valid, he is admitting to six dirhams.
Permissible (Mubah)If he says: 'Three, except two dirhams, except one dirham,' he would be admitting to two dirhams.
+ 77 more rulings
Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)When interdiction has been placed upon him, and then he returns to soundness, the interdiction should be lifted from him.
Forbidden (Haram)If a wealthy person refuses to pay his debt, the judge does not sell his property; rather, the judge should imprison him until he sells it himself.
Forbidden (Haram)Therefore, it is not permissible for the judge to sell a debtor's property without his permission.
+ 50 more rulings
Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The Imam (ruler) is not to set prices for the people; rather, people sell their goods as they choose.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the hirer) intended to claim back the expenses and made witnesses to that, he can claim it back, because it is a situation of necessity.
If he (the hirer) voluntarily undertakes these actions, he cannot claim anything back.
+ 40 more rulings
Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the master confirms the slave's statement but Zayd denies it, and Zayd denies the agency, he must swear an oath and is absolved. The master has the right to annul the sale and reclaim his slave due to the impossibility of receiving the price.
Permissible (Mubah)If he reconciles with him by the service of his slave for a year, it is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If they agree that the owner of the house reconciles with him for his building by paying compensation, it is permissible.
+ 18 more rulings
Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And their ransom is upon him.
Required (Wajib)And he ransoms them with their value on the day of birth.
Permissible (Mubah)His confession to theft is accepted for the hadd punishment, so his hand is cut off.
+ 17 more rulings
Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if the one who had intercourse (under misapprehension) strikes her abdomen and she miscarries the fetus stillborn, then upon him is the `ghurrah` also.
Required (Wajib)If a stranger strikes her abdomen and she miscarries a stillborn fetus, then upon the assailant is a `ghurrah`—a male or female slave for the owner, amounting to the lesser of the fetus's blood money (`arsh`) or its value on the day it was miscarried.
Forbidden (Haram)Killing a soul that Allah has forbidden except by right is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
+ 16 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to make up what he missed of worship during his apostasy and during his Islam before his apostasy (according to another opinion).
Permissible (Mubah)And if he does not remain steadfast upon it (Islam), then he is an apostate, and the rulings of apostates apply to him.
+ 4 more rulings
War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for the land whose people abandoned it out of fear of the Muslims, it becomes an endowment (waqf) simply by virtue of the Muslims gaining control over it.
Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
Permissible (Mubah)And if the land is transferred to a Muslim, no kharaj is obligatory on it for that reason.
+ 4 more rulings
Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he was aware of the prohibition, then he is liable for the prescribed punishment of unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
Required (Wajib)If she (the slave) willingly engaged in intercourse, knowing it was forbidden, then the prescribed punishment (`hadd`) applies to her if she is eligible, as well as sin.
Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
+ 2 more rulings
General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for him to attribute to it wealth, some of which belongs to others.
Permissible (Mubah)His word is accepted without an oath (if he claims destruction without negligence).
Permissible (Mubah)His word is also accepted regarding its amount without an oath.
+ 839 more rulings
General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever swears an oath to do something and then breaks it, expiation becomes obligatory upon him, whether it was due to an excuse or not, and whether the violation was obligatory or not.
Required (Wajib)Unless it is a vow, in which case fulfilling it becomes obligatory.
Required (Wajib)because it is a debt that must be paid (referring to debts to Allah like expiations and vows).
+ 41 more rulings
other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Required (Wajib)If it is a small river where people compete for its water, or a flood, then the one at the head of the river begins, irrigates, and holds the water until it reaches the ankles, then releases it to the next person, who does the same, and so on until all the lands are irrigated.
Permissible (Mubah)If one digs a well in a corner of a wide road and places something over it to prevent falling into it, it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to dig a well for oneself in a public thoroughfare, whether it is for collecting rainwater, extracting water for personal benefit, or for any other purpose.
+ 78 more rulings
Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one says 'dirhaman' (with 'dirham' in the accusative case), there are three views; one of them is that one dirham becomes obligatory upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)If they are equal in his view, he may follow whichever of them he wishes.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to equate performance (of an act of worship in its due time) with its make-up.
+ 44 more rulings
Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)So whenever she becomes pregnant, her puberty is ruled to have occurred at the time she became pregnant.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person entrusted with a sheep brings its skin and claims it died, his word is accepted, and he is not held liable.
Permissible (Mubah)If one acknowledges for a slave a marriage, or qisas (retaliation), or discretionary punishment for slander, the acknowledgment for him is valid, whether the master affirms it or denies it, because the right belongs to him, not to his master.
+ 38 more rulings
Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)No, but I was forbidden from two foolish, sinful sounds: a sound (loud crying) at a calamity, scratching faces, tearing clothes, and the wail of Satan.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to prepare food for the family of the deceased and send it to them.
Forbidden (Haram)And he should beware of saying anything that invalidates his reward and angers his Lord, such as complaining or seeking help in a way that implies discontent.
+ 35 more rulings
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If the buyer alone confirms the seller's claim (that the slave was not the seller's property at the time of sale), the claimant (original owner) can reclaim the slave's value from the buyer, and the buyer does not get the purchase price back.
If the slave dies and leaves wealth, it belongs to the claimant (the original owner) due to their agreement that it belongs to him.
No one establishes wala' (patronage) over him because no one claims it.
+ 35 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to kill everything that harms people, whether in their persons or their property, such as all beasts of prey whose meat is forbidden to eat, birds of prey like the falcon, eagle, hawk, and shahīn, and similar, and harmful insects such as wasps, bed bugs, mosquitoes, fleas, and flies.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is forbidden to keep it (the pig).
Permissible (Mubah)It is not forbidden to keep it (a hunting dog) during the period of abandonment (of hunting), because it is not possible to avoid that.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use deception for that (i.e., to cause harm to Muslims).
Forbidden (Haram)If one masturbates with their hand, they have committed something forbidden.
Required (Wajib)The people should return the greeting to him.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)If it (a limb of the endowed subject) is cut, its remaining part remains an endowment.
Required (Wajib)And her value becomes obligatory from his inheritance because he damaged her for the subsequent beneficiaries, so a female slave is bought with her value to become an endowment in her place.
If it (the endowed subject) is killed, the endowment regarding it becomes void.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If he trespasses and takes it, he has erred (by trespassing), but he owns it.
Forbidden (Haram)No one else has the right to trespass on his land or benefit from it.
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And it (pearl) is permissible to use in medicines and other things.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to directly touch the silver part when using an object, so that one is not considered to be using the silver itself.
Permissible (Mubah)Silver is permissible in vessels and similar items due to need, meaning one benefits from it in that context, even if other materials could serve the same purpose.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is related from Ahmad that it belongs to the owner of the house; for he said, concerning one who hired a digger to dig in his house and found an ancient treasure in it: 'It belongs to the owner of the house.'
Permissible (Mubah)And it is narrated from Ahmad that it belongs to its finder; because he said concerning a case where someone hired a worker to dig for him in his house, and he found a treasure in the house: 'It belongs to the hired worker.'
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Shafi'i said: It belongs to the owner of the house if he acknowledges it, and if he does not acknowledge it, then it belongs to the first owner, because it is in his possession.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)However, if they collude on that (i.e., a trick), it is not permissible and is a forbidden stratagem.
Forbidden (Haram)So, everything of this nature that is done by way of a legal stratagem is evil and forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intended a legal stratagem, and meant by the condition of cutting (the fruit) a stratagem to keep it, then the sale is not valid under any circumstance.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Fleeing on the day of battle is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the Imam to return the khums (one-fifth) of the buried treasure (rikaz).
Permissible (Mubah)If a person is able to acquire rukaz in enemy territory by themselves, it belongs to the finder, and its ruling is the same as if it were found in barren land in Muslim territory.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for us to interfere with them [dhimmis] in matters they do not display publicly, because we have committed to upholding their practices in our land, so we should not interfere in what we have pledged to leave alone.
Required (Wajib)As for what they display publicly, it is obligatory to denounce it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to interfere with them [dhimmis] concerning what they do not display publicly.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)because extracting it (a healed tooth) is no longer permissible.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If safety is the predominant outcome and benefit is hoped for from a medicine, then it is preferable to permit drinking it to avert something more dangerous, just like other medicines.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the recipient to wear it if he knows it is not his garment.
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is more scrupulous to extract what is certainly the forbidden item itself, and this is only achieved by extracting everything.
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The measure is the measure of Madinah, and the weight is the weight of Makkah.
Required (Wajib)Wheat and barley are measurable by volume, as explicitly stated in the Prophet's saying: 'Wheat for wheat, measure for measure; barley for barley, measure for measure.'
Required (Wajib)The reference for determining what is measured by volume and what is weighed is the customary practice in Hijaz during the era of the Prophet (PBUH).
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he has surplus food and finds someone in dire need, it is obligatory to give it to them because it is a state of necessity.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say 'Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adheem' (Glory be to my Lord, the Most Great) three times, as this is the minimum level of perfection.
Discouraged (Makruh)So, do not do that (referring to rushing to prayer).
Recommended (Sunnah)It is prescribed to say 'Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adheem' (Glory be to my Lord, the Most Great) in one's bowing.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)So it is recommended that his breaking of fast be with something from it [the sacrifice].
Recommended (Sunnah)Nor would he eat on Eid al-Adha until he had prayed.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to hasten breaking the fast to show initiative in obeying Allah the Almighty and to fulfill His command regarding breaking the fast, contrary to custom.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Required (Wajib)The summary is that, according to Ahmad, all prostrations of forgetfulness are performed before the salutation, except in two cases where the text (Sunnah) indicates they should be after the salutation: if one performs the salutation after a deficiency in their prayer, or if the Imam investigates and acts based on his dominant suspicion. For all other cases, prostration is before the salutation.
Discouraged (Makruh)As for reciting from the middle of a surah, it is not approved (i.e., disliked).
Required (Wajib)If one of you forgets (in prayer), he should perform two prostrations.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If two individuals are present, both jurists and reciters, and one is better at recitation while the other is more knowledgeable in jurisprudence, the one better at recitation is given precedence (to lead prayer).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one has memorized more Quran, and the other has fewer mistakes and better recitation, the latter is more deserving (to lead the prayer).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If two individuals are equal in the amount of Quran they have memorized, but one has better recitation and grammar, he is more deserving (to lead the prayer).
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Ibn Hamid and Abu Hafs said: It is not sufficient (to use 'Ahl' instead of 'Aal').
Recommended (Sunnah)He should raise his hands during the Qunut.
Preferred (Mustahabb)So if one of you spits out phlegm, he should spit it to his left or under his foot. If he cannot find a place, then he should do like this (and the narrator described that he spat into his garment and rubbed part of it with another).
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Our companions said: (Mud alone) is an excuse (for combining prayers), because hardship is caused to shoes and clothes, just as it is with rain.
Permissible (Mubah)If one says 'As-salamu Alaykum' without adding more, it appears from Ahmad's statement that it suffices.
Required (Wajib)Whoever forgets a prayer and does not remember it until he is with the Imam, he should pray with the Imam. When he finishes his prayer, he should make up the prayer he forgot, and then repeat the prayer he prayed with the Imam.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi said regarding one who yawns and says 'Ah Ah': his prayer is invalidated (corrupted).
Permissible (Mubah)The correct definition [of 'near' for a passerby] is that if one walks towards the passerby and repels them, his prayer is not invalidated.
If one leaves something that dissolves in their mouth, like sugar, and a part of it dissolves and they swallow it, their prayer is invalidated.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one is absent from it (the Kaaba), then one must strive to determine its correct direction.
Discouraged (Makruh)(Aisha said that the Prophet) forbade me (from placing the cloth with images in front of him during prayer). Or she said: He disliked that.
Required (Wajib)One of them [narrations regarding a blind person or muqallid traveling without an informant or mujtahid] is: he repeats [the prayer].
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)The amount of time by which the obligation of prayer is connected is the duration of the opening takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram).
Discouraged (Makruh)Ibn al-Mundhir said: What is forbidden (for prayer) are only the three times mentioned in the hadith of Uqbah.
Required (Wajib)Shafi'i said: the amount of time by which the obligation (of prayer) is connected is the duration of one rak'ah.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And they (women) should not mix with men; rather, they should be to one side of them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And she (a woman) sits cross-legged or drapes her legs, placing them on her right side.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When a woman prays, she should gather herself and join her thighs.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)So whoever adds more than this (i.e., three washes in wudu) has done wrong and transgressed.
Permissible (Mubah)We permitted him to abandon ablution if he could not find water except at a price exceeding its usual value.
Required (Wajib)We do not know of any disagreement regarding the condition of prior purification for the permissibility of wiping (over khuff).
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The wool and hair of a dead animal are pure.
Forbidden (Haram)As for the roots of feathers and hair, if they are wet when plucked from a dead animal, then they are impure.
Permissible (Mubah)Muhammad ibn Sirin, Ibn Jurayj, and others permitted the use of (elephant) bones (i.e., ivory).
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Required (Wajib)When a woman sees blood that is suitable to be menstrual blood, she should consider it menstruation.
Required (Wajib)And their (women's) statements must be referred to/relied upon.
Thus, it is not menstruation at all (if it is less than the customary minimum).
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for him what is permitted for one in a state of minor impurity, such as reciting the Quran and staying in the mosque.
Required (Wajib)If tayammum is for a wound on one of his limbs, he must intend tayammum as a substitute for washing that limb.
Permissible (Mubah)If he intends some of them, it suffices him for what was intended, but not for what was not intended.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When sitting to relieve oneself, one should lean on their left leg, as Suraqah ibn Malik narrated that 'the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded us to lean on the left and set up the right.'
Discouraged (Makruh)One should not prolong their stay more than what is needed, because that harms them.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended that one covers their head.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to perform ghusl on this day (Eid), like on Friday.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is better that (the ghusl for Eid) be after Fajr.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And if she performs ghusl, it is good.
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)For that reason, if [the agent in a profit-sharing partnership] dies [after the contract has ceased], his shrouding is not obligatory upon the capital owner.
Permissible (Mubah)It is valid for a person in ihram to wash a non-ihram person, and for a non-ihram person to wash a person in ihram.
Required (Wajib)Most of our companions said it is obligatory to perform Wudu from washing the dead, whether the washed person is young or old, male or female, Muslim or disbeliever.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)[Regarding a dhimmi convert to Islam seeking purification through circumcision], there is no escape from that (it is indispensable for him).
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor for women.
Recommended (Sunnah)Circumcision is Sunnah for men.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then it should be obligatory for him (the seller) to receive dirhams free of defect, and these (counterfeit ones) should be returned to him (the buyer).
Permissible (Mubah)Whatever is permissible to benefit from, it should be permissible to sell it.
Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade the price (sale) of a dog.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Based on this, if they divide the debt, and then some of the money is lost, the one whose money was lost has recourse against the one whose money was not lost.
Required (Wajib)If he says: 'I owe him two dirhams in ten,' and he meant calculation, twenty dirhams become obligatory upon him.
Required (Wajib)And if he says: 'I owe him many dirhams,' or 'ample,' or 'great,' three dirhams become obligatory upon him.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If two individuals precede each other to a mine in unowned land, then the first one is more entitled to it as long as he is working on it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he leaves it, it is permissible for someone else to work on it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not valid to stipulate the waiver of the pre-emptor's option in the contract, unlike our case.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And this is not permissible in Qirad (Mudarabah) without disagreement.
Permissible (Mubah)If the entire capital has been liquidated, the worker is not obligated to liquidate the remaining profit for the capital owner.
Required (Wajib)If the qirad (profit-sharing partnership) is terminated while the capital is in the form of a debt, the worker is obligated to collect that debt, whether profit has appeared in the capital or not.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And Ahmad's madhhab (regarding renting land for food) is permissibility.
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever owns land should not rent it for a specified amount of food.
Forbidden (Haram)(The Prophet said) Do not do that (rent land for a quarter of the produce, or for specific measures of dates or barley); rather, cultivate it yourselves or keep it fallow.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If two people pledge their slave to one man, and one of them fulfills his debt, the pledge is released for his share.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu al-Khattab said regarding a man who pledged his slave to two men, and one of them fulfilled his debt: The entire slave remains pledged with the other until he is paid.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the debtor) pays off the entire debt, or he (the creditor) absolves him from the debt, the pledged item remains a trust (amanah) in his (the creditor's) hand.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The son has the right to invalidate the equalization (of shares in the endowment).
Permissible (Mubah)Whatever of this wealth comes to you without asking or desiring it, then take it and possess it, for it is sustenance that Allah has brought to you.
Forbidden (Haram)Endowed lands for the benefit of the Muslim community are not to be sold or inherited.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If they agree to leave it to them (i.e., keep it as co-owners), it is permissible.
Required (Wajib)If they sell it, its price is divided equally between them.
Permissible (Mubah)If the one liable for the guarantee says, "I will destroy my property, and not pay anything to the other," he is permitted to do so.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is not a condition for appointing an agent that the agent be present or aware, so his ignorance of it does not harm it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he said: 'Buy half of it for me for one hundred,' and he bought all of it or more than half of it for one hundred, it is permissible, because it is customarily permitted.
Forbidden (Haram)The second (view) is that it is not permissible, because he prohibited fifty as an independent amount. This was an indication of prohibiting what is less than it, just as permission to buy for one hundred is permission for less, so that (implied prohibition) takes the place of his explicit prohibition, for the implication of speech is like its text.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And the madhab is that this (the 'mudd of dates' issue) is not permissible. Ahmad explicitly stated this in many places, and the elder companions mentioned it. Ibn Abi Musa said regarding a sword decorated with the same type of metal, and a belt and saddles decorated with the same type of material on them: it is not permissible, unanimously.
Forbidden (Haram)And the generality of the narrations necessitates the prohibition of excess/discrepancy (in Riba transactions).
Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible to sell it (an item with a beneficial mixture) for something that does not contain this mixture, such as selling grape vinegar for raisin vinegar, because it leads to excess (in quantity).
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is valid for a guarantor to guarantee another guarantor.
Required (Wajib)And the guarantee becomes binding.
Permissible (Mubah)If one says: 'I am a guarantor for so-and-so,' or 'for his person,' or 'for his body,' or 'for his face,' then he is considered his guarantor.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for him (the slave) to accept a gift without his master's permission.
Required (Wajib)If the (live-born) child dies after that, he must guarantee its value.
Required (Wajib)If the mother's value decreases due to childbirth, he must guarantee her decrease.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for him (the guardian) to buy real estate for him (the orphan) because it is in his interest; for it yields profit while preserving the capital, and the risk in it is less than in trade because its capital is preserved.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a guardian to buy a sacrificial animal (udhiyah) for an orphan, if the orphan has significant wealth such that purchasing the udhiyah would not harm his estate.
Forbidden (Haram)Consuming an orphan's wealth is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the item remains intact and unchanged, he (the payer) takes it back.
Required (Wajib)If something occurs that prevents entitlement, its return is obligatory.
Required (Wajib)If he made a mistake and extracted a tooth other than the one he was instructed to extract, he is liable for it.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And for us (Hanbalis), it (the sale of an urban dweller for a Bedouin) is prohibited, and prohibition necessitates the invalidity of the prohibited act.
Permissible (Mubah)There is another narration from Ahmad that the sale (of an urban dweller for a Bedouin) is valid.
Forbidden (Haram)If he embraces Islam, it is not permissible for wine to be owed by him due to its lack of financial value, nor is its replacement obligatory because it has no value. Therefore, he is not liable for it if he destroys it.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Required (Wajib)If there is no custom indicating consent, then a verbal statement indicating it is necessary.
Permissible (Mubah)However, with contextual clues and indications, there is no reason to restrict (the contract/transfer) to verbal expression.
Forbidden (Haram)Any condition not found in the Book of Allah is void, even if there are a hundred such conditions.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A settlement is not valid if it is made with ignorance (of the subject matter).
Forbidden (Haram)then the settlement is void.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is dry and relies on the wall itself, then reconciliation (settlement) concerning it is valid.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the weaver produces the garment with an excess in one dimension and a deficiency in another, he receives no wage for the excess part.
Permissible (Mubah)If the animals give birth to lambs, the shepherd is not obliged to graze them.
Permissible (Mubah)If some of the specified animals in a grazing contract perish, the rental contract for that portion becomes void, and the shepherd is entitled to a proportionate wage for the remaining animals.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then, the pledged item (from the insolvent's assets) is sold, and the amount of the debt is paid to the mortgagee.
Required (Wajib)Whatever remains from the sale of the offending slave is returned to the creditors.
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells perishable wet food (from the insolvent's assets).
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)For the offspring of a usurped item is not compensated if it was not usurped.
Required (Wajib)And it is compensated according to the other view.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the offspring of a borrowed item, its compensation is not obligatory, according to one of the two views.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If the mustache of the deceased is long, it is recommended to trim it.
Recommended (Sunnah)The Messenger of Allah - peace and blessings be upon him - announced the death of An-Najashi to the people.
Discouraged (Makruh)They used to dislike announcing in gatherings, 'So-and-so has died,' as was the practice of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah).
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If one combines two prayers in the time of the first, it is recommended to call the adhan for the first and the iqama, then to call the iqama for the second.
Permissible (Mubah)If several (muezzins) call the adhan from one minaret, there is no harm.
Required (Wajib)Malik said: The call to prayer (adhan) is made for every prayer.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a part of the deceased is found after the main body has been buried, it should be washed, prayed over, and buried next to the grave, or by digging up part of the grave and burying it within.
Required (Wajib)If only a part of the deceased is found, the madhhab's position is that it should be washed and the funeral prayer should be performed over it.
Discouraged (Makruh)and do not pray towards them (graves).
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When one of you enters the mosque, let him say: "O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy."
Permissible (Mubah)If a person sends a companion (as a deputy) to sit in a place, and when the person arrives, the deputy stands up and lets him sit, it is permissible.
Discouraged (Makruh)And if (the number of people stepped over) is many, we dislike it.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not prostrate (for recitation) if they have finished the prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he leaves the prostration, there is no blame.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for one who returns from Hajj to say what Al-Bukhari narrated from Abdullah bin Umar, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, when he returned from a battle, Hajj, or Umrah, would say 'Allahu Akbar' upon every elevated piece of land, then say: "There is no god but Allah alone, He has no partner; His is the dominion, and to Him belongs all praise, and He is over all things competent. Returning, repenting, worshipping, to our Lord praising. Allah has fulfilled His promise, helped His servant, and defeated the confederates alone."
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Whatever is permissible to distribute outside the Haram, it is not permissible to give it to the poor among the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimma).
Permissible (Mubah)You have eaten from a rightful Ruqyah (incantation). Eat and give me a share with you.
Permissible (Mubah)If a teacher is given something without a condition, Ahmad's apparent view is its permissibility.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Beautify the Quran with your voices.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to recite Surat Al-Kahf on Friday.
Permissible (Mubah)As for part of a verse, if it is something that is not distinguished as Quran from other things, such as the Tasmiyah (Bismillah), Alhamdulillah, and other forms of remembrance, then if it is not intended as Quran, there is no harm in reciting it.
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to provide compensation for the destruction of trees and herbage in the sacred precinct (Haram).
Permissible (Mubah)That is, there is no harm in residing in Mecca for those who did not emigrate from it (such as people from other lands).
Discouraged (Makruh)Residing in Mecca is disliked for one who had emigrated from it.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to combine worldly intentions with acts of worship.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt.
Preferred (Mustahabb)(Regarding a matter whose origin is unknown, such as a man whose wealth is mixed with halal and haram, this is a doubtful matter) which it is better to leave.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one bequeaths for 'doors of righteousness,' it should be spent on anything that constitutes righteousness and proximity to Allah.
Required (Wajib)So when he (the slave) comes into his (the buyer's) possession, he is judged free due to his previous acknowledgement.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for them (relatives/Hashemites) to take from bequests made for the poor and from vows, because both are voluntary, resembling as if a bequest was made directly to them.
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Seek out the hour that is hoped for on Friday, from after Asr prayer until sunset.
Permissible (Mubah)The concessions specific to travel, such as shortening prayers, combining prayers, breaking the fast, wiping over socks for three days, and performing voluntary prayers on a riding animal, are permissible in obligatory, recommended, and permissible journeys, like trade journeys and the like.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is Sunnah to go out for the Rain Prayer (Salat al-Istisqa) with humility towards Allah, in plain clothes (meaning not wearing adornments or perfume), as this day is one of humility and submission. One should walk and sit with reverence, submission, and supplication to Allah, showing abasement and yearning for Him.
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Required (Wajib)And his jaw should be tied, so that his jaw does not slacken.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Turning (the dying person) towards the Qibla is recommended to be done before death.
Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not repeat the prompting excessively, nor annoy him.
+ 13 more rulings
Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no dispute among them that one garment suffices for him [a boy].
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to exceed three garments in the shroud.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to shroud in two garments.
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)'There is no silence from day until night.'
Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)Silence from speech, and the apparent meaning of the narrations is its prohibition.
+ 2 more rulings
Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade adding more soil to the grave than what came out of its excavation.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise it with more than its own soil.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded the disciplining of a child for abandoning prayer at that age (ten years old).
Required (Wajib)He is killed as a legal punishment (hadd), while his status as a Muslim is maintained.
Required (Wajib)Allah urged His believing servants to go forth to gain understanding in religion, saying – and He is the most truthful of speakers: "Why then does not a party from every group among them go forth to gain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?"
+ 2 more rulings
Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a judge rules based on the sighting [of the crescent] by the testimony of one witness, it is permissible.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Required (Wajib)Zakat is to be extracted from the value of trade goods, not from the goods themselves.
Permissible (Mubah)One is given the choice between extracting Zakat from the value of the trade goods or from the goods themselves.
Required (Wajib)An item does not become a trade good (for Zakat purposes) except by two conditions.
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Zakat is not obligatory upon the owner of the land if he is not a Muslim.
Required (Wajib)If one's share reaches the nisab but the other's does not, then Zakat is upon the one whose share reached the nisab, not the other, and he pays it after the division.
Required (Wajib)Unless the one whose share did not reach the nisab has other sources that complete the nisab for him, in which case Zakat becomes obligatory upon both of them.
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)As for the poor, there is no Zakat upon them for what they receive, whether some of them receive a nisab of grains and fruits or not.
Permissible (Mubah)And they (the poor of the Haram, including residents and visitors) are those to whom it is permissible to give Zakat.
Required (Wajib)It is considered a condition for giving to the indebted person (gharim) that he be poor.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give out hareesah, kaboola, or similar processed foods (as Zakat al-Fitr) for that reason (i.e., they are not typically weighed or stored as staple grains).
Required (Wajib)Dried yogurt (Aqt) is measured by volume, as mentioned in the Hadith of Sadaqat al-Fitr, 'a Sa' of Aqt'.
Required (Wajib)A Sa' of flour is given as Zakat al-Fitr.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)And from eighty (cattle), two musinnahs are due.
Required (Wajib)And from one hundred and twenty (cattle), three musinnahs or four tabi's are due.
Required (Wajib)And from one hundred and ten (cattle), two musinnahs and one tabi' are due.
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If it is preponderant that the appointer intended the generality to include him (the agent) and others, then he (the agent) may take from it.
Forbidden (Haram)And if it is preponderant that he (the appointer) did not intend it (for the agent to take), then he (the agent) may not take from it.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to give charity to them (Ahl al-Dhimma).
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for fish, there is nothing (owed) on it at all, according to the unanimous opinion of all scholars.
Permissible (Mubah)And because the default principle is that there is no obligation upon it (i.e., ambergris).
Permissible (Mubah)so no zakat is obligatory on it (fish), just like land game.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)[If the Imam gains control over him but not his wealth], he should be called to pay Zakat.
Forbidden (Haram)He should not be judged as an unbeliever.
Forbidden (Haram)If he defrauds his wealth and conceals it so that the Imam does not take its Zakat (this action is forbidden).
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)Al-Zuhri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and others made the khums (one-fifth) obligatory on all (rukaz).
Required (Wajib)The Khums (one-fifth) is obligatory on both small and large amounts of Rikaz (buried treasure).
Required (Wajib)As for its amount, it is one-fifth.
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)If jewelry is broken in a way that does not prevent its use and wearing, it is like intact jewelry, and there is no Zakat on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.