Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he finds someone who will sell him a garment for its market price, or rent it for its market rent, or with a slight increase that people commonly tolerate, and he can afford the compensation, he is obligated to accept it.
Permissible (Mubah)And if one is alone (while bathing), it is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)According to Abu Hanifa, if less than a quarter of a woman's hair, or a quarter of her thigh, or a quarter of her belly is uncovered, her prayer is not invalidated.
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Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He prohibited a man from using saffron.
Permissible (Mubah)Allah the Almighty permitted for women, of adornment and clothing, that which He forbade for men.
Forbidden (Haram)As for the pubic hair, the apparent meaning of Al-Khiraqi's words is that it should not be removed, as he did not mention it.
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the guardian in marriage, he is permitted to delegate the marriage of his female ward without her permission, whether he is a father or another guardian.
Required (Wajib)However, if the woman claims it (the dowry), he should be made to swear an oath.
Forbidden (Haram)Thus, no option (khiyar) is established in it (marriage) for that reason, and therefore, neither the option of stipulation (khiyar al-shart) nor the option of inspection (khiyar al-ru'yah) is established in it.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)If the father is not trustworthy, due to immorality or insanity, or he dies without a testamentary guardian, then his guardian is the ruler (judge).
Permissible (Mubah)A father is permitted to take from his child's wealth whatever he wishes and own it, whether the father is in need of what he takes or not, and whether the child is young or old.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden for a father to unduly burden or harm his son, nor to take anything that the son is in need of (when taking from his wealth).
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Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)A slave does not inherit, nor does he possess wealth from which he can be inherited.
Required (Wajib)If the heirs choose to take the inheritance and pay the debt from their own funds, then each one of them is responsible for a portion of the debt equal to their share of the inheritance.
Required (Wajib)If one of the heirs admits to the debt, they are obligated to pay a portion of the debt equal to their inheritance share, and they have the choice to hand over their share towards the debt or to settle it themselves.
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)If differentiation in gifts or endowments to children is done out of favoritism, then Imam Ahmad disliked it.
Forbidden (Haram)He (the father) does not have the right to retract it (the gift he gave to his child).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift except with her husband's permission.
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)If lineage is established by acknowledgment, and then the acknowledger denies it, his denial is not accepted.
If she is married, there are two narrations regarding whether her acknowledgment is accepted; one of them is that it is not accepted.
And the second [narration] is that it is accepted.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)And Allah Almighty made the waiting period (iddah) for a pregnant woman to be the delivery of her burden.
Forbidden (Haram)Similarly, Al-Shafi'i said the same regarding the compensation for khula' (i.e., it is not permissible to dispose of it before possession).
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a man conditions his wife's divorce or his slave's emancipation on sunrise, it takes effect when the sun appears from the horizon.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Required (Wajib)His child from her is free.
Required (Wajib)And his lineage is affirmed with him.
Permissible (Mubah)And he is not obliged to pay her value.
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)If she becomes pregnant, the child is owned by her master, because it is an increase and part of her.
Forbidden (Haram)And the female slave is contrary to that (i.e., it is not permissible to separate her from her child).
Forbidden (Haram)If her child is still alive, he is not permitted to return her without her child, because that is separating them, which is forbidden.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The wife's maintenance is prioritized in the wealth of an insolvent person over paying his debt.
Required (Wajib)The maintenance of the enslaved woman is upon her husband, because he is either a husband or a master, and both are a cause for the obligation of maintenance.
Required (Wajib)The maintenance of the child is upon his father because he is free.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He must not be alone with her in a house.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory that mahram status not be established for a disbeliever over a Muslim woman.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to be in seclusion with them [i.e., the mother or daughter of a woman with whom one had intercourse due to misconception or illicit sex], nor to look at them for that reason.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is only permissible for wet-nursing.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in matters of fosterage.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire her (the wet-nurse) for her food and clothing.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And (it is commanded to) separate them (children) in beds upon reaching it (age ten).
Permissible (Mubah)Indeed, he (the father) has the right to prevent him (the son) from participating in military expeditions (Ghazw).
Permissible (Mubah)The father has the right to prevent his son from undertaking voluntary acts of worship.
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)A will is binding on the heir.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man lends another dirhams and says, 'If I die, you are absolved,' it is considered a will.
Required (Wajib)It is not right for a Muslim who sleeps for two nights having something to bequeath, except that his will is written down with him.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)If, at the time of eating, he thought the sun had set, or that dawn had not appeared, and then he doubted after eating, and it was not clarified, then there is no make-up fast upon him.
Required (Wajib)And if two just witnesses testify, then fast and break your fast.
Required (Wajib)If it (the crescent) is obscured from you, then complete thirty (days of the preceding month).
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he exits forgetfully, Al-Qadi said: his i'tikaf is not invalidated.
Permissible (Mubah)The well-known position in the madhhab is that I'tikaf is valid without fasting.
Required (Wajib)If one performs I'tikaf, fasting becomes obligatory upon him.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one thinks (sexual thoughts) and ejaculates, their fast is not invalidated.
Permissible (Mubah)However, if a thought of the act crosses one's heart and he ejaculates, his fast is not invalidated.
Required (Wajib)And there is no difference whether the one engaged with is a wife or a stranger, or an adult or a minor.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he feeds them the amount due to them, it suffices him.
Required (Wajib)If one chooses the equivalent (of the hunted animal as expiation), he must slaughter it and give it as charity to the poor of the Haram.
It was narrated from Ash-Sha'bi, An-Nakha'i, and Sa'id bin Jubair that no expiation is due upon him (who had intercourse in Ramadan).
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Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one intends to fast on these days (Eid or Tashreeq), they are disobedient, and it does not suffice for an obligatory fast.
Forbidden (Haram)Scholars have agreed that fasting on the two Eid days is prohibited and forbidden for voluntary fasts, absolute vows, missed (qada') fasts, and expiatory fasts.
Forbidden (Haram)In summary, the days of Tashreeq are also prohibited from fasting.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
Required (Wajib)And as for vows, fasting should be done on his behalf.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And make-up fasts should be performed at other times (not during the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah).
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It was narrated from him (Ahmad) that using a wet siwak stick (while fasting) is disliked.
Discouraged (Makruh)Repeated looking (gazing) is disliked for someone whose lust is aroused by it, but not disliked for someone whose lust is not aroused by it, similar to kissing.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad and Ishaq considered it recommended (mustahabb) to avoid using the siwak in the afternoon (for a fasting person).
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intends on the night of doubt, saying, 'If tomorrow is Ramadan, I am fasting it as an obligatory fast, otherwise it is a voluntary fast,' then according to the first narration, it is not sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)If one specifies the intention for the fast of Ramadan, or its make-up, or an expiation, or a vow, they do not need to intend it to be obligatory.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the game was close to the sanctuary, he is liable for it, because he was negligent in sending it (the dog) in a place where it is likely to enter the sanctuary. But if it was far, he is not liable, due to lack of negligence.
Required (Wajib)And Ata, Abu Hanifa, and his two companions said: compensation is due upon him, because he killed game from the sanctuary by sending his dog after it, thus he is liable for it, just as if he killed it with his arrow.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless the wound was sufficient to cause death, then the animal is also permissible (to eat).
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He (the Prophet, peace be upon him) forbade eating every predatory animal with fangs.
Forbidden (Haram)As for domestic cats, they are forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said regarding the Magians: Only fruit should be eaten from their food.
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever kills game (owned by a person in Ihram) must compensate him for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he (the foolish person) enters into Ihram for Hajj, his Ihram is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If he has no earnings, his guardian may release him from Ihram.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Required (Wajib)Likewise, if he misses Hajj due to his own negligence, the same ruling applies (he must perform Qada' and return funds).
Permissible (Mubah)If Hajj is missed through no fault of his own, the expenses are accounted for him because it was not missed due to his action, so he is not considered disobedient, similar to if he died.
Required (Wajib)If the deputy takes a route longer than a possible shorter one, the excess expenses are deducted from his own money.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Required (Wajib)This is similar to a sacrificial animal (hady) that becomes disabled during travel, as it is slaughtered immediately, even if it was designated for a specific place.
Permissible (Mubah)He may dispose of it (an obligatory sacrificial animal not explicitly designated) as he wishes, including selling, gifting, eating, and other uses.
Required (Wajib)Its (an obligatory sacrificial animal not designated by explicit speech) ownership does not cease except by slaughtering it and delivering it to its rightful recipients.
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If she fears menstruation or postnatal bleeding, it is recommended for her to hasten the circumambulation so that it does not become impossible for her.
Required (Wajib)If he fears missing the two rak'ahs of Fajr, or Witr, or a funeral prayer is brought, he should prioritize them (over Tawaf).
Required (Wajib)If the prayer is established during his Tawaf, he should stop it for the prayer.
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever misses Hajj, upon him is a blood sacrifice, and he should make it an Umrah, and perform Hajj the following year.
Required (Wajib)Go to the House and circumambulate it seven times. If you have a sacrificial animal with you, slaughter it. Then, when the next year comes, perform Hajj. If you find the means, offer a sacrifice, but if you do not, then fast three days during Hajj and seven days when you return.
Permissible (Mubah)If they (the blockers) are polytheists, fighting them is not obligatory.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one does not start with the right side of the head (when shaving or trimming), it is still sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)One has a choice between shaving and trimming; whichever he does, it is sufficient according to most scholars.
Permissible (Mubah)The scholars are unanimous that trimming the hair is sufficient.
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)His acknowledgment was permissible (valid). (Referring to Sufyan's opinion on a father who acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges a debt to a woman during his illness, then marries her, his acknowledgment is permissible (valid) because he is not accused (of favoring an heir).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to someone who is not an heir, and that person then becomes an heir, his acknowledgment to him is valid.
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the compensation for the crime becomes attached to that (value).
Forbidden (Haram)If the guardian of the victim takes it (the value), he does not refer back to the trustee (for further claims).
Required (Wajib)Likewise, if a bird passes through the air above one's house and he shoots and kills it, he is liable for it. This is because he does not own the right to prevent the bird from the air above his house, so it is as if he shot it in the air above someone else's house.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he refrains from handing over the item (after claiming he intended a gift), he is not compelled to do so, because a gift is not binding before possession.
Permissible (Mubah)If one says, "I intended a gift," it is accepted from him, because it is a plausible explanation.
Permissible (Mubah)Abu Hanifa, Malik, Shafi'i, and their companions said: it is valid as long as one does not make an exception for the whole. For example, if he says: 'I owe him one hundred except ninety-nine,' only one is binding on him.
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to disclose his insolvency.
Permissible (Mubah)Whatever the insolvent person did before the judge's interdiction, such as selling, gifting, acknowledging a debt, paying some creditors, or other such actions, is permissible and valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Thus, it is permissible to sell his property without his consent.
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he built a room above the house (due to an invalid settlement), he is compelled to demolish it.
Required (Wajib)If the debt is due, the statement of the one who requests harvesting is given precedence, because if it is the pledgee, he is seeking to collect his due right, so it is obligatory to respond to him.
Permissible (Mubah)If he cannot remove them except by destroying them, then he may do so, and there is no liability upon him.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If it is without his permission (a third party reconciling for an item), it is an act of redeeming the denier from litigation and absolving him from the claim, and that is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)If the reconciliation is regarding a debt, it is valid whether it is with the denier's permission or without it.
Permissible (Mubah)If a third party reconciles on behalf of the denier, it is valid, whether the denier admits the validity of the claim or not, and whether it is with his permission or without his permission.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)If he (the master) forgives in exchange for money, Qisas (retaliation) is dropped, and no money is due, for what we mentioned. Similarly, if he forgives without money.
One scenario is if the crime does not necessitate Qisas (retaliation in kind), such as accidental harm, semi-intentional harm, or destruction of property; in this case, it is void, because the slave is property of his master, and thus no property can be established for him in his own property.
If the crime is against anything less than life, then the right belongs to the master.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the master executes qisas, he must pay the value of the lesser of the two (the slave or the qisas amount) and it is made a pledge in its place. This was explicitly stated by Ahmad in the narration of Ibn Mansour and is the view of Ishaq.
Required (Wajib)For a free person, compensation for a crime against them is obligatory, and if they are killed, their blood money (diyah) becomes obligatory.
Required (Wajib)If he pardons for compensation, his pardon is valid, and the lesser of the two values is obligatory (as compensation).
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And disbelief makes killing permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make up what he missed during his apostasy (according to a third, preferred opinion).
Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if the land is transferred to a Muslim, no kharaj is obligatory on it for that reason.
Required (Wajib)As for the land whose people abandoned it out of fear of the Muslims, it becomes an endowment (waqf) simply by virtue of the Muslims gaining control over it.
Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Then there is no prescribed punishment (`hadd`) upon him (the usurper if ignorant or mistaken).
Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Required (Wajib)The rights of the creditors become attached to his specific assets.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to publicize the interdiction on him so that his dealings may be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)Imam Ahmad said: If a judge ruled that a creditor is like other creditors (sharing equally), and the case was then brought before a man who believes in acting upon the Hadith, it is permissible for him to overturn that ruling.
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for a vow, Ibn Aqil said: he is obligated by what he intended.
Required (Wajib)The owner of the garment must swear by Allah that he did not authorize it to be cut into a qaba' (a type of garment) or dyed red.
Required (Wajib)And by analogy with Ramadan, if one vows to fast a specific month, the same rules as mentioned for Ramadan apply to it.
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one digs a well in a corner of a wide road and places something over it to prevent falling into it, it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to build a shop, nor to extend a bay window (rawshan) or an overhead passage (sabāṭ) over a dead-end alley, except with the permission of its residents.
Forbidden (Haram)It is even more impermissible to construct a 'saabat' (an elevated walkway or roof covering the entire width of the road) over a public thoroughfare, regardless of whether the two supporting walls belong to the builder or not, and whether the ruler has given permission or not.
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Required (Wajib)The third view is that more than one dirham becomes obligatory upon him.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to discard [Rafi's narrations] and use the narrations concerning Khaybar.
Forbidden (Haram)Therefore, it is not permissible to apply analogy to the Hady of Mut'ah regarding choice based on this principle, as it entails abandoning the explicit text.
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)Required (Wajib)He must pay compensation for virginity (`arsh al-bakara`) if she was a virgin.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person entrusted with a sheep brings its skin and claims it died, his word is accepted, and he is not held liable.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in accepting gifts from the ruler.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)No servant is afflicted with a calamity and says, 'Indeed, we belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return. O Allah, reward me for my calamity and compensate me with something better than it,' except that Allah will reward him for his calamity and compensate him with something better.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is confirmed that the deceased has decomposed and turned to dust, it is permissible to exhume their grave and bury another person in it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Al-Qadi and Abu al-Khattab said: The instruction (talqeen) after burial is recommended.
+ 35 more rulings
Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If the slave agrees with them (the seller and buyer on the invalidity of the emancipation), it is also not accepted (that he returns to slavery).
Permissible (Mubah)Whenever we rule with freedom (for the slave), the owner (original claimant) has the right to claim compensation from either of them (the seller or buyer) for the slave's value on the day of emancipation.
Permissible (Mubah)Except for manumission, whether it comes from the seller or the buyer.
+ 35 more rulings
Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for the owner of the sheep, it is not permissible for him to abandon it, because it involves torturing an animal.
Permissible (Mubah)If one rescues a game animal from a predator or a hunter's net, or takes it to remove a thread from its leg or similar, and it perishes as a result, there is no liability upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)And the People of Opinion said: What came in the report should be killed, and the wolf by analogy to it.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And destroying it (wealth) is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible for him to make a person stand up and sit in his place.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not for his master to make him stand up.
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Required (Wajib)However, only the discerning adolescent who understands buying and selling and can distinguish benefit from harm should be tested.
Forbidden (Haram)If the closest relative is likewise (a transgressor, innovator, or Dhimmi), he is not put forward (as an executor).
Forbidden (Haram)Thus, it is not permissible to nullify the right of the second generation beneficiary concerning the waqf property.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)They interpret the Hadith as indicating the dislike (karahah) of prevention, not its prohibition.
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
Forbidden (Haram)It is prohibited to engage in actions like knocking that shakes walls, because it reveals one's neighbor and exposes their private areas.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to directly touch the silver part when using an object, so that one is not considered to be using the silver itself.
Permissible (Mubah)Silver is permissible in vessels and similar items due to need, meaning one benefits from it in that context, even if other materials could serve the same purpose.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: A small amount of silver is permissible, whether there is a need or not, as we mentioned, except that what is directly used from it, such as a ring (or handle), is not permissible, while what is not directly used, such as a patch, is permissible.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)This indicates that the Rikaz (buried treasure) belongs to its finder.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is narrated from Ahmad that it belongs to its finder; because he said concerning a case where someone hired a worker to dig for him in his house, and he found a treasure in the house: 'It belongs to the hired worker.'
Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs differ, and some deny that it belonged to their deceased while others do not deny it, then the ruling for the share of those who deny is like that of an owner who did not acknowledge it, and the ruling for those who acknowledge it is like that of an acknowledging owner.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)All legal stratagems (Hiyal) are forbidden and not permissible in any matter of the religion.
Forbidden (Haram)So, everything of this nature that is done by way of a legal stratagem is evil and forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intended a legal stratagem, and meant by the condition of cutting (the fruit) a stratagem to keep it, then the sale is not valid under any circumstance.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for the Imam (leader) to distribute the Khums (one-fifth) among all its rightful recipients and ensure it encompasses all of them, unlike Zakat.
Required (Wajib)And every place conquered by force is an endowment for the Muslims.
Required (Wajib)Therefore, he (the Imam) is obliged to do what he deems to be in the public interest, and it is not permissible for him to deviate from it.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If they display a cross or a lute, its breaking is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)That they should not part their hair, so as not to resemble Muslims (referring to the conditions imposed by Umar on the People of the Book).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for us to interfere with them [dhimmis] in matters they do not display publicly, because we have committed to upholding their practices in our land, so we should not interfere in what we have pledged to leave alone.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
Forbidden (Haram)because extracting it (a healed tooth) is no longer permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)Imam Ahmad said: Binding teeth with gold if one fears they might fall out has been done by people, and there is no harm in it out of necessity.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to the beasts of burden. (A command from the Prophet regarding bread made from the water of the wells of those who wronged themselves).
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Required (Wajib)The reference for determining what is measured by volume and what is weighed is the customary practice in Hijaz during the era of the Prophet (PBUH).
Required (Wajib)Wheat and barley are measurable by volume, as explicitly stated in the Prophet's saying: 'Wheat for wheat, measure for measure; barley for barley, measure for measure.'
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to exercise ijtihad (taharri), even if the permissible [items] are many.
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(The Prophet, peace be upon him, prohibited) that a man covers his mouth (in prayer).
Required (Wajib)He must cut off the prayer and pray the missed one (this applies to the follower and the individual praying alone, according to one narration from Ahmad).
Recommended (Sunnah)And women should clap (when something happens during prayer).
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And Al-Qadi said: It suffices to deliver the sermon while sitting.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for people to face the sermon-giver when he delivers the sermon.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to begin the sermon upon the muezzin's completion of his call to prayer.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Required (Wajib)(Concerning a worshipper who forgets a prostration or a unit of prayer), he should perform it whenever he remembers it and perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness.
Required (Wajib)If one of you doubts in his prayer, he should seek what is correct, then complete (his prayer) based on it, then prostrate two prostrations.
Required (Wajib)That all prostrations of forgetfulness are performed before the salām.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Delegation is not permissible in prayer, except for the two rak'ahs of Tawaf when performed as part of Hajj.
Forbidden (Haram)One should not pray behind a Murji'i, a Rafidhi, or a fasiq (sinner). However, if one prays behind them out of fear, then one must repeat the prayer.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to pray behind an innovator under any circumstances.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in performing ihtiba (a specific sitting posture) while the Imam is delivering the sermon.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is better to leave it (ihtiba) because of the narration, even if it is weak, and because it makes one prone to sleep, falling, and breaking wudu, so leaving it is better.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to pray in the maqsura (enclosed area for the ruler/elite) that is guarded.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has many missed prayers, he must busy himself with making them up, unless it causes him hardship in his body or wealth. Hardship in the body is to become weak or fear illness, and hardship in wealth is to be cut off from managing his wealth in a way that cuts him off from his livelihood or harms him thereby.
Required (Wajib)The general rule is that whenever a funeral prayer and an obligatory prayer are present, one should begin with the obligatory prayer, except for Fajr and Asr prayers.
Permissible (Mubah)It means that an individual (praying alone) may combine prayers just as one combines them with the Imam.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in minor actions during prayer for a need.
Permissible (Mubah)The correct definition [of 'near' for a passerby] is that if one walks towards the passerby and repels them, his prayer is not invalidated.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in a man carrying his child during an obligatory prayer.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)[An imprisoned person who cannot find someone to inform him] should make his best effort to determine the direction in his prison and pray, without needing to repeat the prayer.
Obligatory (Fard)Facing the Qibla is a condition for the validity of prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)The second [narration regarding a blind person or muqallid traveling without an informant or mujtahid] is: no repetition is required of him.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)There is no prayer after Fajr until the sun rises, nor after Asr until the sun sets.
Required (Wajib)The amount of time by which the obligation of prayer is connected is the duration of the opening takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram).
Required (Wajib)It is narrated from Malik that if one catches the duration of five rak'ahs from the time of the second prayer (of two combined prayers), the first prayer becomes obligatory.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Congregational prayer is not obligatory upon her (a woman).
Discouraged (Makruh)And there is no doubt that it is disliked for such a woman (who has introduced innovations) to go out (to the mosque).
Discouraged (Makruh)And they (women) should not mix with men; rather, they should be to one side of them.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to wipe over a bandage except when there is harm in removing it.
And if we say that touching a woman's private part invalidates ablution, then her ablution is invalidated here (when a woman touches both private parts of the hermaphrodite without desire).
Permissible (Mubah)And because it is touching without desire, it does not invalidate (wudu), like touching maharim (unmarriageable relatives).
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a dog licks the vessel of one of you, he must wash it seven times.
Permissible (Mubah)He argued that the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Tabi'in used to wade through rain in the streets and did not wash their feet, because the water overcame the impurity.
Forbidden (Haram)Impure earth does not become pure by the sun, wind, or dryness.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever says she does not pay attention to what exceeds her habit until it recurs, would not consider her menstruating in the first two or three months except for five days, the extent of her habit.
Required (Wajib)And whoever says that if it exceeds her habit, she observes it from the first time, would make her sit out fifteen days in the first month, then she performs ghusl and prays.
Required (Wajib)Whoever said that a woman with discerning blood sits based on her discernment in the second month, said that she abstains for the black blood in the third month.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The correct view is that he does not have to repeat (the prayer).
Permissible (Mubah)If (the water) was hidden without signs, and he searched for it but did not find it, then he does not have to repeat (the prayer), because he was not negligent.
Required (Wajib)But if its signs were apparent, then he was negligent, and he must repeat (the prayer).
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory for one who sleeps or passes wind to perform istinja.
Recommended (Sunnah)And upon entering, one should say: 'In the name of Allah, I seek refuge in Allah from the male and female evil jinn, and from the impure, filthy, accursed devil.'
Permissible (Mubah)Accordingly, if one carries it (the Mushaf) by a strap or with a barrier between oneself and it, which is not considered part of it in a sale, it is permissible.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a person in a state of major impurity (janabah) intends by ghusl to stay in the mosque, their major impurity is removed, because it is a condition for that (staying in the mosque).
Permissible (Mubah)His ghusl and wudu are valid.
Permissible (Mubah)What was intended is valid, but not anything else.
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Required (Wajib)If its removal would not lead to disfigurement, it should be removed and what is beneath it should be washed.
Required (Wajib)If there was a splint on the deceased whose removal would lead to disfigurement, it should be wiped over, like wiping over the splint of a living person.
Forbidden (Haram)As for circumcision, it is not prescribed (for the deceased) because it is the removal of a part of his body.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor for women.
Preferred (Mustahabb)[Regarding an adult male or female convert], it is more beloved to me that they purify themselves (through circumcision).
Recommended (Sunnah)Circumcision is Sunnah for men.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)If the defect in an item is of a different kind than the item itself, the currency exchange (sarf) is invalid.
The option (khiyar) is not inherited.
And it is narrated that the sale is valid.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Required (Wajib)According to one view, for items not measured by volume or weight, it is obligatory to return their value on the day of the loan.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to return the like (a similar item) for things measured by volume or weight.
Permissible (Mubah)If the collateral is in the hands of a trustworthy person, and they stipulate that he sells it when the debt becomes due, it is valid, and his sale is valid.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Required (Wajib)He (the pre-emptor) takes the share by its value.
Permissible (Mubah)The pre-emptor acquires the share by taking it with any wording indicating acquisition, such as saying, 'I have taken it for the price,' or 'I have owned it for the price,' or similar, provided the price and the share are known, and it does not require a judge's ruling.
Forbidden (Haram)Neither the pre-emptor nor the buyer has an option (of rescission).
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)If he does so, no Hudud punishment is imposed upon him, because she is his property.
Permissible (Mubah)The Anan partnership is valid among disbelievers, and between a disbeliever and a Muslim.
Permissible (Mubah)And the profit is according to what they agree upon, meaning in all types of partnership.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)According to one narration from Imam Ahmad, if the lessee makes an improvement to the leased asset, it is permissible for him to lease it out for an increased rent.
Permissible (Mubah)According to a third narration from Imam Ahmad, if the owner permits the increase (in rent for subleasing), then it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)Otherwise (if the owner does not permit the increase), it is not permissible.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the pledger refuses to perform that treatment, he is not compelled to do so.
Permissible (Mubah)The Qadi said: The pledger may treat his property without the mortgagee's permission.
Forbidden (Haram)If one says, 'I pledge to you this satchel, or house, or purse with what is inside it,' it is not valid because it is unknown.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Waqf (endowment) is valid for Ahl al-Dhimma (protected non-Muslims).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a Muslim to make a waqf (endowment) for them (Ahl al-Dhimma).
It is not valid to consider the gift itself as permission to take possession.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The owner has the right to demand compensation from whomever he wishes between them (the usurper and the buyer) and to seek recourse against him.
Required (Wajib)then he (the usurper) must pay its rent as bare land from when he demolished it until he built it (if he rebuilt it with its original materials or the owner's materials).
Required (Wajib)and its rent as a demolished structure from the time he demolished it until he returned it.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The offer [for agency] is permissible with any wording that indicates permission.
Required (Wajib)Agency is not valid except through offer and acceptance.
Forbidden (Haram)If the seller did not authorize him to receive payment, the buyer's liability for any part of the price is not discharged.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Livestock, wild animals, birds, and aquatic animals are distinct genera, and it is permissible to have disparity in their exchange according to one narration.
Forbidden (Haram)No, until you separate them (the gold from the beads).
Required (Wajib)Gold for gold, weight for weight.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Because it is an obligation of a right upon one's liability without exchange, it is valid for an unknown (amount or thing), like a vow and an acknowledgment, and it is valid to attach it to harm and danger, which is the guarantee of liability.
Permissible (Mubah)It is valid to guarantee something that has not yet become obligatory.
Required (Wajib)If the guarantee is valid, the guarantor is obligated to fulfill what he guaranteed, and the guaranteed party has the right to demand it from him.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a slave is permitted to trade, it is not permissible for him to hire himself out, nor to act as an agent for another person.
Forbidden (Haram)As for a slave, it is not permissible for him to give a gift except with his master's permission.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for him (the slave) to accept a gift without his master's permission.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for the guardian of an orphan to give his wealth for investment, meaning to hand it over to someone to trade with it, and all the profit belongs to the orphan.
Forbidden (Haram)Consuming an orphan's wealth is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Required (Wajib)The apparent meaning of this is that he should not lend it except with collateral.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)But if it (the goods) is stolen, he (the carrier) is not liable.
Required (Wajib)The doctor and the circumciser, if their hands transgress, they are liable even with the presence of the patient being treated or circumcised.
Permissible (Mubah)The camel driver is not liable for the damage to the load, because the owner of the goods did not hand them over to him (i.e., did not relinquish possession).
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Building a public bathhouse, selling it, buying it, or leasing it, is disliked (makruh) according to Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad).
Forbidden (Haram)If he embraces Islam, it is not permissible for wine to be owed by him due to its lack of financial value, nor is its replacement obligatory because it has no value. Therefore, he is not liable for it if he destroys it.
Permissible (Mubah)The saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him, regarding the earnings of a cupper: 'Feed it to your slaves,' is evidence for the permissibility of his earnings, as it is not permissible to feed one's slaves what is forbidden to eat.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Required (Wajib)The location of breastfeeding must be specified.
Forbidden (Haram)Regarding a man hiring a rooster to wake him for prayer: it is not permissible. This is because it depends on the rooster's action, which cannot be compelled, and it may crow or not, or crow after the time.
Permissible (Mubah)So al-Qadi mentioned that it is valid, and its ruling is the same as if the contract were unrestricted.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And even if it is not stipulated, if he does not give some of his right except by waiving some of it, then it is also forbidden, because it diminishes his right.
Permissible (Mubah)But if the one whose right is acknowledged voluntarily waives part of his right willingly, then it is permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)And what is appropriate for the Madhab of Ahmad (Hanbali school) is its validity.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The second opinion states that if a weaver produces a garment deficient in length, width, or both, he receives his proportionate share of the agreed-upon amount.
Forbidden (Haram)It is possible that if the weaver produces the garment deficient only in width, he receives nothing.
Forbidden (Haram)And there is no fee for him, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade the stud fee for a male animal.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for the trustee (Ameen) to ask the buyer for cancellation (Iqalah) if the price increases after the contract becomes binding.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is also recommended for the buyer to agree to the cancellation (Iqalah) requested by the trustee (Ameen).
Required (Wajib)One begins by selling the offending slave (from the insolvent's assets), and pays the victim the lesser of its price or the compensation for the offense.
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Then the analogical deduction of the madhhab is that he is absolved (from compensation).
Permissible (Mubah)Similarly, the offspring of a borrowed item is not compensated if it is not found with its mother.
Required (Wajib)The compensation of an item is obligatory with its like if it is from items that have equivalents.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Most scholars consider it virtuous for the one walking to be in front of the funeral procession.
Preferred (Mustahabb)That (method of wrapping the shroud by folding the upper part over the right side, then the other part over the left) is only recommended so that the right side does not fall off him when he is placed on his right side in the grave.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And when he is placed in the grave, it (the shroud) should be untied.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It (melodious adhan) is valid because its purpose is achieved through it, so it is like a non-melodious adhan.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The Adhan is nevertheless better.
Forbidden (Haram)The last thing the Prophet (peace be upon him) entrusted me with was to appoint a muezzin who would not take a wage for his adhan.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Required (Wajib)Shroud them in their blood.
Required (Wajib)If only a part of the deceased is found, the madhhab's position is that it should be washed and the funeral prayer should be performed over it.
Discouraged (Makruh)and do not pray towards them (graves).
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Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Ibn Hamid said: The endowment is valid (even if beneficiaries are not specified).
Permissible (Mubah)There is no blame on the guardian of an endowment if he eats from it, or feeds others from it, or buys a slave from it.
Required (Wajib)If one endows something for the children of a man and his grandchildren without further specification, then male and female are equal in its distribution.
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Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to strive in supplication during it (Laylat al-Qadr).
Preferred (Mustahabb)He (Imam Ahmad) said: Make it (the sealing of the Quran) in the Taraweeh prayer.
Preferred (Mustahabb)So, send many blessings upon me on it (Friday).
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General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Whoever starts speaking before giving greetings of peace (salam), do not respond to him.
Permissible (Mubah)You have eaten from a rightful Ruqyah (incantation). Eat and give me a share with you.
Discouraged (Makruh)I dislike the teacher's wage if it is stipulated as a condition.
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Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Beautify the Quran with your voices.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Yes, it should be done. In Mecca, they used to appoint a man to write down what the Imam left out of letters and so forth, and when it was the night of the completion, he would repeat it. This was only recommended so that the completion is perfected and the reward is complete.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use the Quran as a substitute for ordinary speech.
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Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)That is, there is no harm in residing in Mecca for those who did not emigrate from it (such as people from other lands).
Discouraged (Makruh)One should not take any soil out of the Sacred Precinct (Haram).
Discouraged (Makruh)One should not take anything from the perfume of the House (Kaaba).
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Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for intoxication, whoever drinks a forbidden substance that removes his intellect for a period, it does not affect the dropping of religious obligations, and he must make up what he missed during the state of his intellect being removed.
Permissible (Mubah)If a disbeliever was originally so, they are not obligated to make up the acts of worship they missed during their disbelief, concerning which we know of no disagreement.
Forbidden (Haram)His master does not have the right to prevent him (the mukatab slave) from an obligatory act nor a voluntary one.
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Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he breaks his oath, or reverts in his zihar, or an expiation is incumbent upon him due to killing or intercourse during a Ramadan day, he must expiate by fasting for that.
Required (Wajib)the zakat amount becomes obligatory, and the vow is included in it (in one of the two views, when the vowed amount is less than the zakat amount).
Required (Wajib)That expiation is due upon him (who engages in intercourse during I'tikaf).
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Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to stand in the first part of the rain and bring out one's belongings to be touched by the rain.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bring out animals, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not do so.
Permissible (Mubah)A man may travel with his grandfather's umm walad (mother of his child).
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Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Required (Wajib)When death is certain, he should be faced towards the Qibla.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And say good things, for indeed the angels say 'Ameen' to what the family of the deceased says.
Required (Wajib)And his jaw should be tied, so that his jaw does not slacken.
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Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to shroud in two garments.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to exceed three garments in the shroud.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no dispute among them that one garment suffices for him [a boy].
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Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if he wishes to perform it (such an act), he is not allowed to do so, whether he vowed it or not.
Forbidden (Haram)Silence from speech, and the apparent meaning of the narrations is its prohibition.
Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
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Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)The grave should be raised about a handspan above the ground.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise it with more than its own soil.
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Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)Allah urged His believing servants to go forth to gain understanding in religion, saying – and He is the most truthful of speakers: "Why then does not a party from every group among them go forth to gain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?"
Required (Wajib)There is no one among Allah's creation upon whom Hajj and Umrah are not both obligatory, and they are indispensable for whoever can find a way to them.
Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
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Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a judge rules based on the sighting [of the crescent] by the testimony of one witness, it is permissible.
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Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
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Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no Zakat on young animals (sikhāl).
Forbidden (Haram)Do not take a suckling animal (as Zakat).
Permissible (Mubah)Then it is interpreted that Zakat is not obligatory on them before the completion of a year.
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Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)because he said regarding kharaj (land tax): 'one should pay it, then pay Zakat on what remains.'
Required (Wajib)Unless one of them (from the group sharing the waqf or land) acquires a complete nisab (from the produce), in which case it becomes obligatory upon him.
Required (Wajib)According to another narration, if the output (from a shared waqf or land) reaches the nisab, then zakat is due on it.
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Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Required (Wajib)If these recipients fulfill their needs with the Zakat and there is a surplus, they must return the surplus, except for the fighter (ghazi), for whatever remains with him after his campaign is his.
Permissible (Mubah)As for the uterine relatives (dhawu al-arham) in cases where they inherit, it is permissible to give zakat to them, according to the apparent position of the madhhab.
As for the poor, there is no Zakat upon them for what they receive, whether some of them receive a nisab of grains and fruits or not.
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Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Required (Wajib)Indeed, Sadaqat al-Fitr is obligatory upon every Muslim, male or female, free or slave, young or old, [to be paid with] two mudd of wheat or its equivalent, or a sa' of food.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to give Zakat al-Fitr two days before Eid.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give it more than two days before Eid.
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Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)And from one hundred and ten (cattle), two musinnahs and one tabi' are due.
Required (Wajib)And from seventy (cattle), one musinnah and one tabi' are due.
Required (Wajib)And from sixty (cattle), two tabi's (one-year-old calves are due).
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Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for relatives to take from voluntary charity.
Permissible (Mubah)He (the Prophet) said: "Yes, maintain ties with your mother." (This statement serves as evidence for the permissibility of giving voluntary charity to a non-Muslim mother).
Preferred (Mustahabb)Voluntary charity (sadaqa al-tatawwu') is recommended at all times.
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Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whatever is found from Rikaz, which is treasure buried in the pre-Islamic era, whether little or much, one-fifth of it belongs to the recipients of sadaqat, and the remainder belongs to the finder.
Permissible (Mubah)Malik and Shafi'i said: Zakat is not due except on gold and silver.
Required (Wajib)If a mine contains different types of minerals other than gold and silver, they should be combined with each other for zakat calculation, because the zakat is due on their value, and the value is unified, resembling trade goods.
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Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said: People should not be made to swear an oath regarding their sadaqat (charity/zakat), because it is a right of Allah Almighty, so no oath should be sought concerning it, just like for prayer and legal penalties.
Forbidden (Haram)If he defrauds his wealth and conceals it so that the Imam does not take its Zakat (this action is forbidden).
Required (Wajib)He (the Imam) should take it (Zakat) and punish him (ta'zeer), and not take anything extra beyond it.
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Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)Al-Zuhri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and others made the khums (one-fifth) obligatory on all (rukaz).
Required (Wajib)And if one finds it in this land on its surface, or in an untrodden path, or a ruined village, then it is likewise in ruling (meaning khums is due).
The buried treasure (rukaz) to which the obligation of khums (one-fifth) applies is that which was buried during the period of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era).
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Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
If jewelry is broken in a way that does not prevent its use and wearing, it is like intact jewelry, and there is no Zakat on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
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Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.